{"id":54,"date":"2013-06-16T19:05:10","date_gmt":"2013-06-16T12:05:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=54"},"modified":"2013-06-21T11:13:57","modified_gmt":"2013-06-21T04:13:57","slug":"viec-lam-trong-toan-hoc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=54","title":{"rendered":"Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cEm th\u00edch to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n em b\u1ea3o em r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai trong to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang hay kh\u00f4ng? Em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u v\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng c\u1eed nh\u00e2n v\u1ec1 to\u00e1n v\u00e0 ai thu\u00ea? Xin th\u1ea7y l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: B\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 sai. B\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p trong to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea hay nh\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng k\u1ebf, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai ngh\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111ang c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u cao.<\/p>\n

Chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea gi\u00fap c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 r\u1ee7i ro c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u chi ph\u00ed cho r\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u00f3. B\u1edfi l\u00ed do n\u00e0y, chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m. Chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean th\u1ed1ng k\u1ebf t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 ch\u1ebft, \u1ed1m, b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eadt, hay m\u1ea5t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n. Chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c theo \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti n\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c thu h\u1ed3i theo \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m y t\u1ebf hay b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t. H\u1ecd t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai m\u00e0 sinh ra vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f2i ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mong \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f2i b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t t\u00ednh to\u00e1n s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong \u0111\u1ee3i tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f2i b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m n\u1ea3y sinh t\u1eeb tai n\u1ea1n \u00f4 t\u00f4, s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean v\u1edbi tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e1i xe, ki\u1ec3u xe, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c. Chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh cho vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cho c\u00f4ng ti chi tr\u1ea3 cho \u0111\u00f2i b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi ph\u00ed kh\u00e1c. Chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean th\u1ed1ng k\u1ebf gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti v\u1ec1 r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ti, quan ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, hay c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m, thu th\u1eadp, x\u1eed l\u00ed v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. Nh\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong \u0111a d\u1ea1ng khu v\u1ef1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1, nh\u01b0 sinh h\u1ecdc, kinh t\u1ebf, k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7, thu\u1ed1c men, y h\u1ecdc, ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. Nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti d\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m, hay nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n r\u1ee7i ro c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau. Trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, nh\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, trong c\u00f4ng ti \u00f4 t\u00f4 nh\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng k\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi gian h\u1ecfng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 khi d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft c\u1ef1c \u0111oan b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c cho ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 cho t\u1edbi khi n\u00f3 ng\u1eebng hay h\u1ecfng. Trong c\u00f4ng ti d\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c m\u1edbi. Trong c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, nh\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c g\u00f3i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia v\u00e0o ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u00e0 s\u1ebd cho c\u00f4ng ti sinh l\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t. Trong c\u00f4ng ti b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m, nh\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u0169ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00e1c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 vay n\u1ee3, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ee7i ro c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Theo v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea lao \u0111\u1ed9ng M\u0129, l\u01b0\u01a1ng trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea l\u00e0 qu\u00e3ng $80,000 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m (d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u0103m 2012) v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng k\u1ebf l\u00e0 qu\u00e3ng $73,000 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m (d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u0103m 2012). T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed7i n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ecd sang n\u01b0\u1edbc kia nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, nh\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea \u0111ang c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u cao trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00ec \u00edt sinh vi\u00ean h\u01a1n \u0111ang h\u1ecdc to\u00e1n ng\u00e0y nay. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1eed nh\u00e2n, \u0111a s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m th\u1ed1ng k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng th\u1ea1c s\u0129 trong th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea hay to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00ec ngh\u1ec1 n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u h\u01a1n cho vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

Jobs in Math<\/p>\n

A student wrote to me: \u201cI like mathematics but my friends told me that there is no future in mathematics as there is no job for people with a math degree. Is it true or not? Where can I find job with a bachelor\u2019s degree in math and who is hiring? Please advice.\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Answer: Your friends are wrong. A degree in mathematics can lead to a several careers such as actuary or statisticians, and both of these jobs are in high demand.<\/p>\n

Actuaries help companies to assess the risk of certain events occurring and to formulate policies that minimize the cost of that risk. For this reason, actuaries are essential to the insurance industry. Actuaries assemble and analyze data to estimate the probability and cost of the occurrence of an event such as death, sickness, injury, disability, or loss of property. Actuaries also address financial questions and the way in which a company should invest to maximize its return on investments. Most actuaries are employed in the insurance industry, specializing in life and health insurance or property and casualty insurance. They produce probability tables which determine the potential future event that generates a claim. From these tables, they estimate the amount a company can expect to pay in claims. For example, property and casualty actuaries calculate the expected amount payable in claims resulting from automobile accidents, an amount that varies with the insured person’s age, driving history, type of car, and other factors. Actuaries ensure that the price, charged for such insurance will enable the company to cover claims and other expenses. Actuaries help determine corporate policy on risk and help explain complex matters to company executives, government officials, policyholders, or the general public.<\/p>\n

Statisticians apply their math skills to the design of experiments, collect, process, analyze data and interpret the results. Statisticians work in a variety of subject areas, such as biology, economics, engineering, medicine, health, marketing, and education. Many experiments cannot be made without statistical techniques. Most statisticians work for government to collect data for economic modeling, social policies as well as planning. Many statisticians work for private businesses, such as pharmaceutical and insurance companies to calculate experiments accuracy, or identify the risks of insuring different situations. In business and industry, statisticians play an important role in quality control and in product development. For example, in automobile company statisticians might design experiments to determine the failure time of engines exposed to extreme weather conditions by running the engine until it fail and breakdown. In pharmaceutical company, statisticians might develop and evaluate the results of drugs experiments to determine the safety and effectiveness of new medications. In Software Company, statisticians might help construct new statistical software packages to analyze data more accurately and efficiently. In addition to product development and testing, some statisticians also are involved in deciding what products to manufacture that will give company the most profitable. In insurance company, Statisticians also manage assets and liabilities, determining the risks of certain investments.<\/p>\n

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the average salary of actuaries is about $80,000 per year (2012 data) and the average salary of statisticians is about $73,000 per year (2012 data). Of course, each country may have different wages and needs as it varies from country to country but overall, statistician is in a high demand in most developed countries as fewer students are studying math today. Although job opportunities exist for graduates with a bachelor’s degree, a majority of statisticians have a master’s degree in statistics or mathematics as it usually requires more advanced math for the jobs.<\/p>\n

Prof. Vu
\nCarnegie Mellon University<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cEm th\u00edch to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n em b\u1ea3o em r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai trong to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18,25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-54","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien","category-khoa-hoc-may-tinh"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=54"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":630,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54\/revisions\/630"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=54"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=54"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=54"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}