{"id":538,"date":"2013-06-20T22:24:16","date_gmt":"2013-06-20T15:24:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=538"},"modified":"2013-06-20T22:24:16","modified_gmt":"2013-06-20T15:24:16","slug":"trung-tam-cong-nghe-moi-cua-nga","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=538","title":{"rendered":"Trung t\u00e2m c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Nga"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ng\u00e0y nay Nga \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00ed ga t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Theo ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, Nga \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111o\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Nobel trong khoa h\u1ecdc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 m\u1ea5t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Khi t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 cho \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc s\u00fat gi\u1ea3m, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc b\u1ecf ra \u0111i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y, v\u00e0 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu thi\u1ec7t th\u00f2i.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960 v\u00e0 1970 v\u00e0 l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn b\u1edfi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950, Nga \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 khi sinh vi\u00ean gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u1ecf sang h\u1ecdc \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u hay M\u0129. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Nga nh\u1eadn ra sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f3c n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ea5p cao th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4i ki\u00eau c\u0103ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh; ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u1ee5t h\u1eadu v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang \u0111i nhanh. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn thay v\u00ec ti\u1ebfp tuc vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i b\u00e1o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng li\u00ean quan g\u00ec t\u1edbi kinh t\u1ebf hay n\u00e2ng cao chu\u1ea9n s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Nga \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m l\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc M\u0129 nh\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Massachusetts (MIT) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c chung v\u1edbi Tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a Moscow (MSM) \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 sinh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. M\u1ed9t quan ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 n\u00f3i: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed n\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho n\u00ean qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf cho th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 c\u0169 r\u1ed3i ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00ec c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai to\u00e0n l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n tri th\u1ee9c.\u201d<\/p>\n

N\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111ang x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i Moscow c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Trung t\u00e2m ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn Skolkovo theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh thung l\u0169ng Silicon \u1edf California. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 mong \u0111\u1ee3i c\u00f3 25,000 v\u00e0 30,000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. Trong trung t\u00e2m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 v\u00e0i to\u00e0 nh\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nh\u00e0 cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng, c\u00f4ng ti y t\u1ebf ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn, c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ti n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin. M\u1ed9t quan ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi 30,000 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u0129 s\u01b0 t\u1eadp trung trong m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra 240,000 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ph\u1ee5 v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i khu l\u00e2n c\u1eadn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh. B\u00ean trong trung t\u00e2m n\u00e0y, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c k\u0129 s\u01b0 tr\u1ebb c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

H\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng n\u00e0y,\u00a0Microsoft\u00a0n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch m\u1edf trung t\u00e2m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p Nga v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u1edf Skolkovo. Microsoft l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ti M\u0129 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi Skolkovo. M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti M\u0129 l\u1edbn kh\u00e1c,\u00a0General Electric\u00a0c\u0169ng k\u00ed tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 v\u1edbi Skolkovo \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chung trong hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng chi ti\u1ebft n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9. C\u00f3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng IBM c\u0169ng xem x\u00e9t thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp trung t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1edf Skolkovo.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m cho khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 Skolkovo d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u1ef1u t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Nga Dmitry Medvedev, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf m\u1ed1i quan ng\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a Nga v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 kh\u00ed ga t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. V\u1edbi gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Nga trong khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, Medvedev tin v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y h\u01a1n l\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u kh\u00ed thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 \u0111ang b\u00e2y gi\u1edd. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, Ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m Kaspersky, c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u1edf Moscow, \u0111ang th\u00e2u t\u00f3m th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti M\u0129 l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 Symantec\u00a0v\u00e0 McAfee. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, Nga c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng cung c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 d\u1eabn l\u00e1i cho kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o kh\u00ed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. M\u1ed9t quan ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 n\u00f3i: \u201cB\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc M\u0129 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp h\u01a1n v\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng ti ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u01a1n. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng cho \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u00e0nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tri th\u1ee9c nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i.\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Russia’s new technology center<\/p>\n

Today Russia is known as a country whose economy depends mostly on natural gas development. According to the government its future will be in technology. For years, Russia is known as a high tech nation with the best scientists as well as many Nobel Prize winners in the sciences. However, it lost the direction and failed to improve its education systems. When government funding to university declined, many scientists left, especially the young scientists and professors, its education could not catch up with western countries, and a whole generation of college student suffered.<\/p>\n

With an education system based on 1960s and 1970s technology and classes conducted mostly by professors educated in the 1950s, Russia lost its scientific foundation as its best students left to study in Europe or the U.S. Recently, Russia government realizes their mistake and starting a change process to revive its tradition scientific focus to ensure that the outcomes of education will be linked directly into industry and technology. A senior educator admitted: \u201cWe must stop our arrogant based on our past achievement; we must accept the fact that we are behind and the world is moving fast. We must rebuild our education system to focus on develop industry, technology and innovation rather than continue to write research papers that has nothing to do with the economy or improve our standard of living.\u201d<\/p>\n

The first obvious thing that Russian government did was to collaborate with U.S universities such as The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) to create a joint education programs with Moscow School of Management (MSM) to educate a new generation of students in technology management. A government official said: \u201cWe have the technology but do not know how to manage it effectively so management is the first thing we must change. If we can change the way managers think and work, we can make a lot of progress. We need a new generation of managers to replace the old then we will focus on training our workers because our future workers should all be knowledge workers.\u201d<\/p>\n

The country is building a modern science park outside of Moscow called the Skolkovo Innovation Center model after Silicon Valley in California. The government expects to have 25,000 and 30,000 people to work there. In the center are several modern buildings to house telecommunication companies, innovative medical companies, biotechnology companies, energy companies and, of course, information technology companies. A government official estimates that with 30,000 scientists and engineers concentrate in one area, it will create additional 240,000 jobs and change the neighborhood into a fast growing area. Within the center, government encourages young engineers to start their own companies as well as encourage foreign companies to invest there.<\/p>\n

Earlier this month,\u00a0Microsoft\u00a0said that it planned to open a development center and also invest in Russian startups operating in Skolkovo. Microsoft was one of the first U.S. companies to announce interest in the Skolkovo. Another large U.S company,\u00a0General Electric\u00a0also signed a preliminary agreement with the Skolkovo to conduct joint research in energy efficiency and biotechnology although no details have been released. There is a report that IBM also consider to set up a research center in Skolkovo.<\/p>\n

The development of a center for scientific and technology such as Skolkovo was based on the vision of former Russian president Dmitry Medvedev, who has expressed his concern about Russia\u2019s dependence on commodities such as natural gas. Given Russia\u2019s tradition education in science and technology, Medvedev believed on a new high tech Russia is better for his country than the economy based on export of natural as it is now. For example, Kaspersky Lab, based in Moscow, is capturing the market share away from big U.S companies\u00a0Symantec\u00a0and McAfee. Basically, Russia has potential to offer technology as driver for its economy as it does on the natural gas. A government official said: \u201cBy collaborating with the best U.S. university and using their training programs, we can develop better managers. By encourage our young students to be more independent and starting their own company, we can begin to create more jobs and opportunities. By provide an environment for foreign investments, we can transform our society into a knowledge society quickly and improve our economy.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ng\u00e0y nay Nga \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00ed ga t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Theo … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-538","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/538","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=538"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/538\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":539,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/538\/revisions\/539"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=538"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=538"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=538"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}