M\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: “Th\u1ea7y ngh\u0129 h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd sao? Th\u1ea7y ngh\u0129 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p H\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc, gian l\u1eadn l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfm m\u1ea3nh b\u1eb1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c duy nh\u1ea5t sao? \u0110i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u1edf ch\u1ed7 th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u1edf ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c…”<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u0110\u00e1p: H\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3. Nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc sinh ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf h\u1ecd r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. Khi h\u1ecd nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, h\u1ecd qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i xa b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb kinh nghi\u1ec7m trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch, \u0111\u1ed7 k\u00ec thi, hay thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p, m\u00e0 x\u1ea3y ra trong to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc trong l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc hay gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc; c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 hay t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n
Trong h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u1ecdc sinh ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn. Th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng hay l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m kh\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n cho th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc sinh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u0103n b\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecd t\u1edbi l\u1edbp. T\u00f4i bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng cho h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m v\u1edbi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp, s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa v\u00e0 b\u00e0i b\u00e1o tham kh\u1ea3o. T\u00f4i tin ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m ph\u00ed ho\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian tr\u00ean l\u1edbp c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0o c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00ean l\u1edbp, t\u00f4i cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ng\u1eafn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp. L\u1edbp c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra ng\u1eafn m\u1ea5t m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh; m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng ng\u1eafn bao qu\u00e1t t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0nh cho th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp n\u01a1i t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c cho h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa h\u1ecd. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc sinh \u01b0a th\u00edch ng\u1ed3i v\u00e0 l\u1eafng nghe h\u01a1n l\u00e0 tham gia t\u00edch c\u1ef1c trong l\u1edbp. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc d\u1ec5 nh\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec tr\u1eeb phi ai \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ea1y cho h\u1ecd, \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng cho h\u1ecd, gi\u00fap h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc, r\u1ed3i vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng. Khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i sau khi h\u1ecd r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi. Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp hay h\u1ecdc tri th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. L\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c d\u1eabn d\u1eaft h\u1ecd, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn h\u1ecd, l\u00e0m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n
L\u00e0 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc sinh nh\u01b0 ai \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi h\u1ecd kh\u00e1c \u0111i. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta ngh\u0129 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ch\u00fang ta h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn h\u1ecd, th\u00ec l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y theo c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c. V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, khi d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea3o h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00ean l\u1edbp. V\u00e0i h\u1ecdc sinh tu\u00e2n theo ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i mong \u0111\u1ee3i r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng. T\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho l\u1edbp v\u1ec1 b\u00e0i b\u00e1o n\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch m\u1eafng nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng.\u00a0 Ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd t\u1edbi l\u1edbp v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn. Trong v\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u tu\u00e2n theo ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n
T\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc sinh r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecd tham gia t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
—English version—<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Lifelong Learning<\/p>\n
A teacher wrote to me: “Do you think students can learn on their own? Do you think we can use Active learning method in a country where students are not motivated to learn, cheating is common, and getting a degree is the only education goal? What may work in where you teach may not be working in another place…”<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Answer: Students can learn on their own if they want to learn something. Many students think of learning as studying in school, but it is important to remind them that there is a difference. When they study, they do learn something, but learning can go far beyond classroom as they can learn from experiences in their lives. Learning is not limited to reading a book, passing an exam, or getting a degree, but happens throughout their lives. Classroom learning or formal education is only one type of learning; there are others where people develop the skills by doing things or self-learning from reading books.<\/p>\n
In Active learning, students are responsible for their learning, but they need to go to school to be guided by a teacher. The teacher will lecture to summarize important things or clarify some difficult concepts, but spend more time for class discussion and let students working on problems. In this method, students must read class materials and learn the basics before they come to class. I always give students clear instructions on what to do with class materials, textbooks, and reference articles. I believe most students can learn the basic. I do not want to waste limited class time on something that they can learn by themselves.<\/p>\n
To make sure students learn material before the class, I give a short quiz based on information that they must know for the class discussion. My class begins with a short quiz that takes ten minutes to complete; a short lecture covers a summary of important things that students must know. Then it is time for class discussion where I ask challenging questions for student to discuss among themselves. Of course, some students prefer to sit and listen rather than be active participate in class. That is the easy way to learn, but they will not learn anything unless someone teaches them, lectures to them, help them learn, then learning becomes a passive activity. When there is no class, no teacher, no school, then they will not learn, and learning stops after they leave the school. In that case, they never become lifelong learners. In this fast changing world, they will not be able to catch up or learn new knowledge to adjust to changes in their lives. Being so passive, some may not be able to make decisions for themselves and have to depend on others to lead them, to guide them, to make decisions for them.<\/p>\n
As teachers, we have the tendency to think of students as someone who are unmotivated and not capable to learn by themselves, but we need to change that view and treat them differently. If we think they are capable of learn the basics but only need us to guide them, then our classroom can be taught differently. A few years ago, when using active learning method in Asia, I told students to read an article before the class. A few students followed the instruction, but the rest expected that I would lecture. I started with the discussion and asked some students to stand up and explained to the class about the article. Those who read, have no problem but those who did not receive a reminder and a mild scolding.\u00a0 The next day, most of them came to class with proper reading and prepare to discuss. Within a week, all of them were following the instruction and actively learning.<\/p>\n
I believe that by changing our view on students that they can learn the material and should learn on their own, we are encouraging them to actively engage in their learning and develop the attitudes to become lifelong learners.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
M\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: “Th\u1ea7y ngh\u0129 h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd sao? Th\u1ea7y ngh\u0129 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5354","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5354","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5354"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5354\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5355,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5354\/revisions\/5355"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5354"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5354"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5354"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}