Trong n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m qua, C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9, t\u1eeb v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng nh\u1ecf t\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn; t\u1eeb c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi trung t\u00e2m c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng s\u1edbm \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 v\u00e0o “xo\u00e1y l\u1ed1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i” v\u1edbi tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea1nh tranh trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn l\u00e1i b\u1edfi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n quay l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Gordon Moore d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a chip m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i c\u1ee9 sau 18 th\u00e1ng (Lu\u1eadt Moore). K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhanh h\u01a1n, t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 r\u1ebb h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. Trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u1edbn tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la. N\u0103m 1977, Steve Jobs t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 “Apple” m\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01a1n h\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 v\u00e0i ngh\u00ecn \u0111\u00f4 la. C\u00f4ng ti Apple b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng m\u1edbi v\u1edbi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n m\u00e0 s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\u00a0 Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh nh\u1ecf v\u1eabn c\u00f2n kh\u00f3 d\u00f9ng; ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh cho n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980, Bill Gates \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m gi\u00fap cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. Bill Gates c\u00f3 vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0m cho m\u00e1y t\u00ednh th\u00e0nh s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 cho m\u1ecdi gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u1edf M\u0129, cho n\u00ean \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m cho m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. V\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m d\u1ec5 d\u00f9ng h\u01a1n s\u1eb5n c\u00f3, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng thay th\u1ebf cho m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u1edbn l\u00e0m m\u00e1y t\u00ednh cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n
M\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t cho s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf gia \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00ec ch\u00fang l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp. Ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0o trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra Internet. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eabn nhau qua m\u1ea1ng internet. Internet cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi truy nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o, b\u1ea5t k\u00ec l\u00fac n\u00e0o v\u00e0 cho b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. Trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u, vi\u1ec7c truy nh\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin d\u00f9ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u00f3, ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. N\u0103m 1998, hai sinh vi\u00ean Stanford \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t “\u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm” \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 “Google” \u0111i\u1ec1u cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ai t\u00ecm ra b\u1ea5t k\u00ec th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0o m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o g\u00ec.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2000, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh (ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng), \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng (ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m), v\u00e0 vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng (Internet & di \u0111\u1ed9ng) \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u1ea1o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cho nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 kinh doanh tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn, email, m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1, v\u00e0 kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i, v.v. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, m\u00e1y tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng (ATM) l\u00e0m cho ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh 24 gi\u1edd m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 7 ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n. Kinh doanh tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua v\u00e0 b\u00e1n m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 qua Internet, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi nh\u00e0 h\u1ecd.\u00a0 Trong v\u00f2ng v\u00e0i n\u0103m, nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1ecdi doanh nghi\u1ec7p, m\u1ecdi n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n
B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2010, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 robot \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp qu\u1ea3n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 coi t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t xu h\u01b0\u1edbng kinh t\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed. L\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, n\u00f3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00ec l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn cao h\u01a1n. Theo nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Oxford, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2020,\u00a0 47% vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a M\u0129 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf b\u1edfi robots v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1, nh\u01b0ng 82% vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t v\u00ec t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng hay trong c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u1eabn tin r\u1eb1ng robots ch\u1ec9 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y \u0111i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh l\u00e0m sao. Ng\u00e0y nay tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o (AI) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong robots. Nh\u1eefng robot n\u00e0y \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00f4ng minh \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng nhanh h\u01a1n h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. M\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 vi\u1ebft: “N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 robots kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean nh\u00ecn k\u0129 h\u01a1n v\u00ec ch\u00fang \u0110ANG l\u1ea5y \u0111i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n B\u00c2Y GI\u1edc.”<\/p>\n
V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u1ebfu ai \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea3o b\u1ea1n r\u1eb1ng th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ti\u1ebfp s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u00e0n ph\u00edm, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ngh\u0129 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ng\u00e0y nay v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n g\u00f5 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc ra l\u1ec7nh cho m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua Echo c\u1ee7a Amazon hay Google Home d\u01b0\u1edbi hai tr\u0103m \u0111\u00f4 la v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o ch\u00fang \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n. Nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y hi\u1ec3u ch\u1ec9 l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t k\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec b\u1ea1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u1ebfu ai \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea3o b\u1ea1n r\u1eb1ng \u00f4 t\u00f4 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i xe, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u1edfng khoa h\u1ecdc. \u00d4 t\u00f4 t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i c\u00f3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 cho vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1n sang n\u0103m. Th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y robots ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 th\u1ee9c \u0103n \u1edf nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng \u1edf San Francisco. T\u00f4i c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y robots l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp t\u00e2n trong nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n v\u00e0 v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng. Tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00f4i ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00eau khi b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p robots \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 d\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u0129. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng robots n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ed1c t\u1eeb b\u00e1c s\u0129, c\u1ea5p thu\u1ed1c cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea7m. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y n\u00f3i: “Trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m n\u1eefa, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd d\u00f9ng ch\u00fang thay cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c 24 gi\u1edd kh\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec9 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n.” Ngay c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y nay, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng qu\u00e1 n\u1eeda b\u00e1o ch\u00ed \u1edf M\u0129 \u0111ang d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c robots th\u00f4ng minh \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c tin t\u1ee9c th\u1ec3 thao, th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 giao th\u00f4ng. Ch\u1eb3ng bao l\u00e2u robots v\u1edbi tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o s\u1ebd thay th\u1ebf con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai ngh\u0129 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1. Ngay c\u1ea3 Bill Gates c\u0169ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u1ec1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1edbm l\u00e0 “m\u1ed1i \u0111e do\u1ea1” cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n
M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1edbi s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf cho nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn s\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7, v\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc (STEM).\u00a0 Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh n\u00ean v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m h\u01a1n v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao h\u01a1n s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi k\u0129 n\u0103ng chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u. Ch\u1eb3ng bao l\u00e2u n\u1eefa, nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i kinh t\u1ebf s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00ean, v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd b\u1ecb b\u1ecf l\u1ea1i sau. Th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
—English version—<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
The Information Technology Revolution<\/p>\n
In the past fifty years, Information Technology has changed everything, from small offices to large company; from factories to an industrial center, but soon these technologies will push everything into another “whirlwind of change” with artificial intelligence and automation for optimal efficiency and effectiveness. Without proper actions, many companies will not be able to compete in the technology-driven economy.<\/p>\n
To understand the impact of information technology, we needed to go back over fifty years ago when Gordon Moore predicted that the capacity of the computer chip could double every 18 months. (Moore’s Law). Since then the computer is getting faster, better and cheaper, but computer hardware is only the beginning. In the early days of computer, only a few scientists could use the large mainframe computers that cost millions of dollars. In 1977, Steve Jobs created a smaller computer called “Apple” that can do some functions similar to larger computers for only a few thousand dollars. The Apple company started a new revolution with lower price computers that were available for everybody.\u00a0 However, the small computer was still difficult to use; only a few people could program it. In the early 1980’s, Bill Gates created software that helps people to use the personal computer with minimum training. Since then, personal computers were getting more popular, especially with college students. Bill Gates had the vision of making the computer available to every home in the U.S., so he encouraged people to write software applications to the personal computer. With more easy-to-use software available, the personal computers became more popular, and eventually replace the larger mainframe computers as the computer for everybody.<\/p>\n
Personal computers were good for home use but not for businesses because they were an isolated device. The next innovation which pushed the application of information technology in business was the creation of the Internet. It made it possible for all computers to talk to each other via the internet networks. The Internet allowed people to access information from any places, anytime and for anyone who has a computer. In the early days, accessing information using a computer was difficult, only people who were familiar with a computer can do that. In 1998, two Stanford students created a simple, easy to use “search engine” called “Google” that allowed anyone to find any information that they want without any training.<\/p>\n
By the year 2000, computer (hardware), applications (software), and the telecommunication (Internet & Mobile) were getting used all over the world and started the Information Technology revolution that changed everything. Many companies realized that these technologies not only speed up everything but also enables new ideas such as online business, email, social media, automation, and outsourcing, etc. For example, the Automated Teller Machines (ATM) keep banks operate 24 hours a day and 7 days a week. The online business allows people to buy and sell things over the Internet, without have to leave their home.\u00a0 Within a few years, more technologies innovations were created, and more changes were happening, and completely changed every business, every country, and everybody.<\/p>\n
Begin in 2010, factory automation and robots were taking over human’s jobs. Many business executives and economists considered automation as an economic trend, not just technology trend. Automation can improve efficiency and reduces costs. As a global economic trend, it pushed companies and countries to compete for higher profit. According to research by the University of Oxford, by 2020,\u00a0 47% of US jobs will be replaced by robots and automation, but 82% of jobs, mostly in developing countries, will disappear because of automation. However, people who work in an office or in management positions still believe that robots only impact the labor workers but cannot take their jobs. They do not know how fast these technologies can change. Today artificial intelligence (AI) is already being used in robots. These robots are getting smart enough to replace people in office faster than they can imagine. A technology specialist wrote: “If you think robots cannot take your job, you should look closer because they ARE taking your job NOW.”<\/p>\n
A few years ago, if someone told you that the next generation of the computer will not have a keyboard, you probably thought it was impossible. Today with voice recognition technology, people do not need to type but dictate to a computer, and it will do whatever you want. For example, you can buy an Amazon’s Echo or Google Home for less than two hundred dollars and tell them what you want. These devices understand your command and do whatever you ask. A few years ago, if someone told you that a car can drive itself, you may think it is just a science fiction. Self-driving cars are here, and they are being tested in many cities for next year sales. Last month, I saw robots serving foods at a restaurant in San Francisco. I also saw robots work as receptionists in several hotels and offices. Last week, to my surprise I encountered robots being tested to work as a Pharmacist. The manager told me that these robots received prescriptions from doctors, issued medication to patients, and tracked their payment with zero mistakes. He said: “In a few more years, we will use them instead of real people. They can work 24hours non-stop and never a complaint.” Even today, many people do not know that over half of the newspapers in the U.S. are using smart robots to write sports, weather and traffic news. Soon robots with artificial intelligence will replace people in jobs that no one would think they could be automated. Even Bill Gates was surprised about this change and warned that artificial intelligence could soon be a “threat” to human.<\/p>\n
Although new types of jobs will be created to replace those that were lost, most will require a different education and training. That means every education systems must change quickly by focusing on science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM).\u00a0 However,\u00a0 the emphasis should be on technology because it is the foundation of all future jobs. Today there are more jobs with higher pay available for graduates with technologically advanced skills. Soon, economic changes will happen in every country, some will thrive, and others will be left behind. The future prosperity will favor countries that can adapt these changes by having the best education system and the best workforce.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Trong n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m qua, C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9, t\u1eeb v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng nh\u1ecf t\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn; t\u1eeb c\u01a1 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5317","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-cong-nghe"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5317","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5317"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5317\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5318,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5317\/revisions\/5318"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5317"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5317"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5317"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}