\u0110\u00eam h\u00f4m tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o d\u1ea1y to\u00e1n: “Em th\u00edch b\u00e0i b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p “H\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng” n\u01a1i h\u1ecdc sinh ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Tuy nhi\u00ean, em ngh\u0129 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t cho sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t cho h\u1ecdc sinh trung h\u1ecdc. Em d\u1ea1y to\u00e1n \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ee7a em kh\u00f4ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng h\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Th\u1ea7y c\u00f3 g\u1ee3i \u00fd g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng? Xin th\u1ea7y l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean.”<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u0110\u00e1p: Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u00ec m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o. Nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang d\u1ea1y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc, trung h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00f3 cho kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc.\u00a0 L\u00e0 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o d\u1ea1y to\u00e1n, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea1y to\u00e1n theo c\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n d\u1ea1y l\u1ecbch s\u1eed hay \u0111\u1ecba l\u00ed. Vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc to\u00e1n l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c; kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc to\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch to\u00e1n hay ghi nh\u1edb c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c. To\u00e1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u00ec h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho t\u1edbi chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n th\u1eddi gian v\u00ec b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng trong vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc to\u00e1n.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1ch truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u1ea3i ghi nh\u1edb c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n theo ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0i to\u00e1n s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd s\u1ee3 to\u00e1n. D\u00f9ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o n\u00ean khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecdc sinh gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0i to\u00e0n theo c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. Th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0i to\u00e1n. L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd \u0111i t\u1edbi l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 cho h\u1ecd c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m n\u1ea3y sinh nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0i to\u00e1n. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecdc sinh s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 b\u1ecb l\u00e0 “\u0111\u00fang” hay “sai” th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 to\u00e1n.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1ch d\u1ea1y to\u00e1n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng ghi nh\u1edb v\u00e0 nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Khi h\u1ecdc sinh b\u1ecb \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c theo c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc nh\u1eefng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0i to\u00e1n, h\u1ecd b\u1ecb hoang mang v\u00e0 s\u1ee3 to\u00e1n. \u0110\u00f4i khi th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o to\u00e1n th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc sinh b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c cho h\u1ecd nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i to\u00e1n r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i, v\u00e0 bu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0i to\u00e0n nh\u01b0 “th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7.” H\u1ecd qu\u00ean m\u1ea5t r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc to\u00e1n l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u01b0 duy ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n v\u00e0 logic \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 con s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n
Khi d\u1ea1y to\u00e1n, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o n\u00ean b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi quan ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng th\u1ea1o s\u1ed1 hay “C\u00c1I G\u00cc”, r\u1ed3i \u0111i sang c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c hay “TH\u1ebe N\u00c0O”, \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecdc sinh hi\u1ec3u ph\u00e9p to\u00e1n. Sau khi h\u1ecdc sinh hi\u1ec3u c\u1ea3 hai quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o n\u00ean khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c linh ho\u1ea1t v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 ph\u00e9p to\u00e1n hay “C\u00c1CH L\u00c0M TH\u1ebe N\u00c0O” theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 s\u1eeda b\u1ea5t k\u00ec sai l\u1ea7m n\u00e0o hay hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m n\u00e0o. H\u1ecd n\u00ean h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc to\u00e1n, thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0a ra ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t “\u0111\u00fang” hay “sai.”<\/p>\n
Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, trong c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o ch\u1ec9 cho h\u1ecdc sinh t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0i to\u00e1n v\u00e0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i h\u1ecd gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0i to\u00e1n \u0111\u00fang theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ea7y l\u00e0m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc sinh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi b\u00e0i to\u00e1n r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd \u0111i t\u1edbi c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Trong c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecdc sinh quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0i to\u00e1n m\u1eabu tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng \u0111en v\u00e0 \u0111i t\u1edbi c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o ch\u1ec9 cho h\u1ecdc sinh to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc g\u00e2y “h\u00e1o h\u1ee9c” th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o v\u1edbi h\u1ecd r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u “th\u00f4ng minh.” Th\u1ea7y k\u00edch th\u00edch t\u00ednh t\u00f2 m\u00f2 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecd nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecfi h\u1ecd c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi, “C\u00e1i g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu..? Trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp to\u00e1n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi h\u1ecdc sinh l\u00ean gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0i to\u00e1n tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng \u0111en trong khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp ng\u1ed3i v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o cho b\u00e0i to\u00e1n to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecdc sinh n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nhau v\u1ec1 b\u00e0i to\u00e1n \u0111\u00f3 trong l\u1edbp, \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd chia s\u1ebb \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i n\u00f3, v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0i to\u00e1n c\u00f9ng nhau.<\/p>\n
C\u00f3 huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc sinh gi\u1ecfi to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 “th\u00f4ng minh” nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc gi\u1ecfi to\u00e1n v\u00ec h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. B\u1ea5t k\u00ec ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ecfi to\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u. Trong h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y v\u00ec h\u1ecd ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc to\u00e1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
—English version—<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Teaching math<\/p>\n
Last night I received a letter from a math teacher: “I like your articles on “Active learning” method where students are responsible for their learning. However, I think this method is good for college students, but not high school. I teach math in high school, and my students are not readied to learn on their own. Do you have any suggestion? Please advise.”<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Answer: Active learning method can be taught to students at any level. Many countries are teaching this method in elementary, high school, and college. Of course, the teachers must modify it to fit with the classroom environment.\u00a0 As a math teacher, you probably know that you do not teach math the same way as you are teaching history or geography. Learning math is different from learning other subjects; no one cannot learn math by reading math books or memorize formulas. Math requires concentration and practice as students develop math skills from the fundamental to the more advance, but it takes time as you cannot hurry in learning math.<\/p>\n
The traditional way of forcing students to memorize formulas and follow rigid instructions to solve problems will make them afraid of math. Using active learning instruction, teachers should encourage students to solve a problem in a way that is meaningful to them. Teachers should let them discover their way to solve the problem. Their solution may not be the best, but if they can still solve it, teachers could ask them to explain how they come up with that solution and use the opportunity to show them another way which resulting in an awareness that there is more than one way to solve problems. In that case, students will not be afraid of being “Right” or “Wrong” then not afraid of math.<\/p>\n
The traditional teaching math by memorization and recall formulas is not effective. When students are forced to follow rigid instructions but still cannot solve the problem, they are confused and afraid of math. Sometimes math teachers challenge students by giving them very difficult problems to solve, and forcing them to spend more time on solving problems as an “intellectual exercise.” They forget that the purpose of learning math is about to develop and apply critical and logical thinking to solve problems in daily life. Life is about making a decision, not about numbers.<\/p>\n
When teaching math, the teachers should start with the basic conceptual of the numerical fluency or the “WHAT,” then go to the formulas or the “HOW,” to allow students to understand the operation. After students understand both concepts, the teachers should encourage the students to develop the ability to work flexibly with numbers and operations or “HOW TO” on their own and correct any mistake or misunderstanding. They should focus more on the application of math by using real life examples to encourage them to learn math, instead of just passing judgment on “right” or “wrong.”<\/p>\n
For example, in the traditional approach, the teacher shows students step by step how to solve problems and expects them to do the problems exactly the way he does. However, in active learning approach, the teacher let students work on the problems then asks some to explain how they arrived at the answer to his problem. In the traditional approach, to get students interested in math, the teacher solves a sample problem on the blackboard and comes up with the answers. However, in the active learning approach, the teacher shows students how “exciting” math is and assures them that they all can learn math because they are all “smart.” He stimulates students’ curiosity and encourages them to investigate further by asking them questions that begin with, “What would happen if..? In many traditional math classes, the teacher often calls a student to solve a problem on the blackboard while the rest of the class sit and watches. However, in active learning approach, the teacher gives a math problem, let students talk to other about it in class, let them share ideas about how to solve it, and allows they work in a group to solve the problem together.<\/p>\n
There is a myth that students who are good in math are “Smart, ” but the fact is they do well in math because they work hard on a daily basis. Anyone can do well in math by practice more. In active learning, students must practice on a daily basis as they are responsible for their math learning.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0110\u00eam h\u00f4m tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o d\u1ea1y to\u00e1n: “Em th\u00edch b\u00e0i b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p “H\u1ecdc … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29,30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5310","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien","category-hoi-va-dap"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5310","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5310"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5310\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5311,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5310\/revisions\/5311"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5310"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5310"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5310"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}