Trong h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m, \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 m\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean t\u1edbi h\u1ecdc tri th\u1ee9c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c r\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i do nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 20, \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 sinh vi\u00ean nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd hay kh\u00f4ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn n\u00e0y, n\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n
Trong d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb “tri th\u1ee9c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7” r\u1ed9ng sang “h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p” \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho nhu c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c1 l\u1ea1i ch\u1eadm thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00ec h\u1ecd v\u1eabn \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng duy tr\u00ec qui ch\u1ebf “truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng” c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c mang t\u00ednh “h\u00e0n l\u00e2m thu\u1ea7n tu\u00fd” \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m cho h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p. Ngay c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y nay, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn tranh c\u00e3i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 n\u00ean ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o sinh vi\u00ean theo ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p hay kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n
T\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng gi\u00fap sinh vi\u00ean chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p.\u00a0 Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebd h\u1edf r\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111ang s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ti tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng thu\u00ea nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ee9c \u00e9p cho sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean (76%) b\u00e2y gi\u1edd li\u1ec7t k\u00ea “ki\u1ebfm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m” l\u00e0 l\u00ed do quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc khi so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc 85% sinh vi\u00ean coi “h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 th\u00fa v\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t” l\u00e0 l\u00ed do \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n
N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o con s\u1ed1 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng M\u0129 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y trong n\u0103m n\u0103m qua, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng r\u1eb1ng con s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean ghi danh v\u00e0o v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ecba l\u00ed, \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c v\u00e0 k\u1ecbch s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.\u00a0 \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, vi\u1ec7c ghi danh v\u00e0o khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc (STEM) \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng cao m\u1ecdi l\u00fac. Cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p cao c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p trong nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u. C\u00f3 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n ch\u00ednh cho vi\u1ec7c ghi danh trong c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m sau t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n
T\u1eeb c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn h\u00e0n l\u00e2m, c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb “tri th\u1ee9c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7” sang “h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t” v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0 “tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng nghi\u1ec7p.” Nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 tin r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tri th\u1ee9c h\u00e0n l\u00e2m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u cung c\u1ea5p \u00edch l\u1ee3i tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi cho sinh vi\u00ean. Hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111ang g\u1eb7p v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y c\u00e1c l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc khi sinh vi\u00ean th\u00f4i h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c phi STEM. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c phi STEM. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thu\u00ea \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 STEM \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c l\u1edbp m\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc. V\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ee7 nhanh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho nhu c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi, vi\u1ec7c ghi danh th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh ch\u00ednh. C\u00f3 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng trong v\u00f2ng m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m n\u1eefa, qu\u00e1 n\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1ebd d\u1eebng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n
N\u0103m ngo\u00e1i, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 M\u0129 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng thu\u00ea sinh vi\u00ean ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i \u01b0a th\u00edch nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. V\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd coi C\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn m\u1edf cho \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang (MOOCs) l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 k\u0129 n\u0103ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ea1o ra t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc theo gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 h\u00e0n l\u00e2m. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc tin c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho sinh vi\u00ean v\u1ec1 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf vai tr\u00f2 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n MOOC. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc h\u01a1n ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 cho sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ghi nh\u1edb s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ea5p cao n\u00f3i: “M\u00f4n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc trong \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc KH\u00d4NG ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti KH\u00d4NG s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc.”<\/p>\n
Trong khi tranh c\u00e3i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n, ch\u00ednh sinh vi\u00ean, v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3. Th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p cao c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc li\u00ean t\u1ee5c d\u00e2ng l\u00ean khi nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m h\u01a1n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0v\u1eabn c\u1ee9 t\u0103ng l\u00ean.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
—English version—<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
The changing role of university<\/p>\n
For thousands of years, a university is a place where students go to study intellectual knowledge with many fields to be scholars with a broad knowledge. That view has changed due to the demand of society in the late 20th-century where a university is now a place where students receive specific training for their career. Whether you agree or not with this view, it is still a fact being accepted all over the world.<\/p>\n
During the transition from broad “intellectual knowledge” to specific “career focus” some Western countries adjusted quickly to meet the new demand, but many Asian countries were slow to change as they were trying to maintain the “traditional” status of being “purely academic” which results in millions of unemployed college graduates. Even today, people are still debating whether the university should be responsible for training students to a career or not?”<\/p>\n
From the industry view, universities have failed to help students prepare for a career.\u00a0 Many companies complain that there is a wide gap between what they need from college graduates and what schools are producing. Recently some companies declared that they would not hire graduates from certain schools if they do not change the way they teach and willing to hire non-degree people with certain knowledge and skills. That put a lot of pressure to students and their family regarding their education. Many students (76%) now list “getting a job” as the most important reason to go to college as compare with fifty years ago where 85% of students listed “learning more interesting things” as the reason to go to college.<\/p>\n
If we look at the statistics from recent U.S. school in the past five years, we can clearly see the evidence that the number of students enrolling in literature, arts, architecture, sociology, geography, music and drama has significantly dropped.\u00a0 At the same time, the enrollment in science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) has increased to all-time high. The recent financial crisis and the high unemployment of college graduates have made many students realized that they could not make a good living with a degree in certain fields of study that have no demand. There is a major shift to enroll in areas that can lead to a job after graduation.<\/p>\n
From the academic view, there is a concern about changing the “intellectual knowledge” to “specific career focus” as a university should not and never be a “vocational school.” Many professors believe that university should be a place to develop a foundational academic knowledge that provides lifetime intellectual benefits to students. Currently, university administrators are having a problem to fill up classrooms when students stop taking non-STEM fields. They do not know what to do with the number of professors who teach in the non-STEM fields. At the same time, they cannot hire enough STEM professors to teach the classes that students want to learn. As many schools could not change fast enough to meet the new demand, low enrollment of students is a major financial problem. There is a prediction that within the next ten years, over half of the university in the world will cease to exist.<\/p>\n
Last year, U.S. technology companies declared that they would not hire students based solely on degrees, but preferred certain skills. And they will consider Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) as the evidence of skills which create another impact to traditional education universities. That lead to several discussions between industry and academic people. Some university administrators believed universities could prepare students for a career without abandoning their traditional role to provide a broad education than MOOCs. But industry representatives required more courses to be project-based so that students learn to work in teams and apply their knowledge to solve real problems than memorizing facts. A senior executive said: “It is NOT important what courses students take in college, it is important on what they can do. Companies are NOT willing to hire graduates if they cannot apply what they have learned.”<\/p>\n
While the debate is still on, it is the students, and their family is suffering. The high unemployment of college graduates continues to rise as more jobs are being automated and the shortage of technology skilled workers keep on increasing.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Trong h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m, \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 m\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean t\u1edbi h\u1ecdc tri th\u1ee9c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5283","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5283","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5283"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5283\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5284,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5283\/revisions\/5284"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5283"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5283"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5283"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}