Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 t\u00edch lu\u1ef9 tri th\u1ee9c hay ghi gh\u1edb s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n. Sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u h\u01a1n hay thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c “c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u” \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng t\u01b0 duy ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111ang h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o truy\u1ec1n th\u1ee5 m\u1ecdi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u trong m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa thay v\u00ec gi\u00fap sinh vi\u00ean ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0 duy ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n
Ng\u00e0y nay nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 h\u1ecdc “t\u01b0 duy h\u1eddi h\u1ee3t” \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t \u0111\u00fang m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00ean t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ki\u1ec3u “tri th\u1ee9c h\u1ea1n h\u1eb9p” n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec. Khi sinh vi\u00ean ghi nh\u1edb c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc nh\u1ed3i nh\u00e9t tr\u01b0\u1edbc k\u00ec thi, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u m\u1ea5y,\u00a0 nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t gi\u1eef “b\u1ea5t k\u00ec t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u g\u00ec” v\u00e0o trong tr\u00ed nh\u1edb ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i ch\u00fang trong k\u00ec thi. V\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ee7 s\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, hay ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 sao ch\u00e9p “m\u00f9 m\u1edd” c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n
T\u01b0 duy ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sinh vi\u00ean “ngh\u0129 s\u00e2u” b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m, v\u00e0 nghi v\u1ea5n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u cho t\u1edbi khi h\u1ecd thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c “tri th\u1ee9c s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t.” Nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00ed, c\u00f3 l\u00ed, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ea5u c\u1ea3m. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u00fap sinh vi\u00ean ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n
Trong l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, m\u1ed7i tu\u1ea7n sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i b\u00e1o k\u0129 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tin t\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p TR\u01af\u1edaC KHI h\u1ecd t\u1edbi l\u1edbp. Trong th\u1eddi gian tr\u00ean l\u1edbp, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i tham gia v\u00e0o th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn, n\u01a1i sinh vi\u00ean di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafng nghe c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1c, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n
Theo d\u00f5i th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn, t\u00f4i bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ecdi sinh vi\u00ean chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ba c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ‘M\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec?’ ‘N\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a g\u00ec cho m\u00ecnh?’ V\u00e0 \u00a0‘M\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc?’ N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng l\u00e0m cho sinh vi\u00ean ngh\u0129 c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u00e0 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi.\u00a0 B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafng nghe c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u h\u1ecd c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u hay kh\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn h\u1ecd h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n
T\u1eebng tu\u1ea7n, t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc c\u00e1i g\u00ec trong tu\u1ea7n n\u00e0y v\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao t\u00f4i l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c “tri th\u1ee9c s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t” qua th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp?\u00a0 Sau khi bi\u1ebft k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, t\u00f4i bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. Trong th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, t\u00f4i c\u1ed1 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn h\u1ecd h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c cao h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p suy ngh\u0129, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, v\u00e0 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn cho t\u1edbi khi h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
—English version—<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Teaching Critical Thinking<\/p>\n
A college education is more than just accumulating knowledge or memorize facts. Students must learn to get into the deeper levels of understanding or gaining “insight” to develop the critical thinking skills. However, many college teachers are focusing more on covering all materials in a course to make sure that they complete the textbooks rather than helping students to develop the critical thinking and deeper learning skills.<\/p>\n
Today many students go to college but only learn the “superficial thinking” which is incomplete, full of prejudices, and they cannot make the right judgment but let others influence their thinking. This type of “narrow knowledge” also destroys their creativity and innovation as they cannot apply their knowledge to anything. When students memorize facts and cram before the exam, they do not understand much,\u00a0 but store “whatever materials” into their short-term memory and try to recall them during the exam. Because they can not think deep enough, they cannot apply, create, or innovate, but “blindly” copy something as their own.<\/p>\n
Critical thinking requires students to “think deep” by understanding, analyzing, reviewing, and questioning the materials until they gain the “insight knowledge.” Students who can think critically will be able to apply their knowledge rationally, reasonably, and empathically. To help students developing this skills, I use a simple technique as follows:<\/p>\n
In my class, each week students must read some technical articles and industry news BEFORE they come to class. During class time, they must participate in the discussion, where students express their understanding which may be different views about the materials. By listening to other views, they have to analyze, re-evaluate, and synthesize them into a deeper understanding of the materials.<\/p>\n
Following the discussion, I always ask all students to prepare to answer three simple questions ‘What did I learn?’ ‘What does it mean for me?’ And ‘What can I do with what I have learned? It is a simple technique, but it always makes students think careful and critically before they answer.\u00a0 By listening to their answers, I can evaluate whether they understand or not, and correct their mistakes and guide them toward the results that I want them to learn.<\/p>\n
Each week, I ask myself what do I want students to learn this week and how do I make them gain the “insight knowledge” through the class discussion?\u00a0 After knowing the outcomes, I always prepare a set of questions to challenge them to learn more. During the actual discussion, I try to provide a balanced view and guide them toward higher levels of complexity of thinking, analyzing, and reasoning until they get into a much deeper learning and understanding.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 t\u00edch lu\u1ef9 tri th\u1ee9c hay ghi gh\u1edb s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n. Sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5267","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5267","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5267"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5267\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5268,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5267\/revisions\/5268"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5267"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5267"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5267"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}