{"id":525,"date":"2013-06-20T21:48:55","date_gmt":"2013-06-20T14:48:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=525"},"modified":"2013-06-21T10:22:42","modified_gmt":"2013-06-21T03:22:42","slug":"hoc-tich-cuc-va-day-tich-cuc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=525","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y t\u00edch c\u1ef1c"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 tr\u1ebb vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cVai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 l\u00e0 d\u1ea1y trong l\u1edbp. N\u1ebfu th\u1ea7y cho ph\u00e9p sinh vi\u00ean d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian tr\u00ean l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa h\u1ecd th\u00ec th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y g\u00ec? L\u00e0m sao th\u1ea7y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c khi th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng hay ch\u1eb3ng d\u1ea1y g\u00ec m\u1ea5y?”<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: D\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. T\u00f4i tin v\u00e0o th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp v\u00ec ch\u00ednh sinh vi\u00ean \u0111ang h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c b\u1edfi vi\u1ec7c tham gia v\u00e0o n\u00f3. Ng\u00e0y nay h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch ng\u1ed3i y\u00ean t\u0129nh v\u00e0 nghe \u0111i\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 n\u00f3i. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn t\u00edch c\u1ef1c trong l\u1edbp, b\u1ea1n khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecd chia s\u1ebb hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi nhau. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang h\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c nghe ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi hay d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn suy ngh\u0129 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafng nghe c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea7u th\u00eam tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u nhi\u1ec1u quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111ang h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00fang.\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi sinh vi\u00ean hay gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc qua th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean tin n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd l\u00e0m b\u1edfi v\u00ec gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1eddi hay kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ed1t. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 tin vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c qua th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 ph\u00ed th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00ec h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng trong l\u1edbp. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n h\u1ecfi sinh vi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u1ecd c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n tham gia v\u00e0o th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp hay th\u00edch nghe gi\u00e1o d\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng th\u00ec c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u1ea3. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00ean l\u1edbp. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00ean l\u1edbp v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ee3i gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 n\u00f3i cho h\u1ecd c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc hay kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y trong h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m n\u0103m v\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c; \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn cho h\u1ecd v\u00e0 n\u00f3i cho h\u1ecd t\u1ea1i sao vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd d\u1ec5 h\u1ecdc h\u01a1n. L\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i t\u00edch c\u1ef1c l\u1eafng nghe th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y KH\u00d4NG ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 d\u1ea1y th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 l\u00e0 d\u1ea1y t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. \u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sinh vi\u00ean ghi ch\u00e9p v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra trong th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc trong gi\u1edd l\u00ean l\u1edbp ti\u1ebfp hay b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 th\u00fa v\u1ecb m\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau.<\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc qua trao \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng tin n\u01a1i h\u1ecd gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. L\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0, ch\u00fang ta l\u1eafng nghe v\u00e0 ghi ch\u00e9p \u0111i\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft li\u1ec7u h\u1ecd c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u hay kh\u00f4ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 d\u1ea1y t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 khi b\u1ea1n nghe sinh vi\u00ean, th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y sinh vi\u00ean ng\u1ee7, g\u1eedi email, vi\u1ebft tin nh\u1eafn, ki\u1ec3m websites, l\u01b0\u1edbt m\u1ea1ng, hay nghe nh\u1ea1c d\u00f9ng tai nghe trong b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean l\u1edbp. Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t k\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec h\u1ecd l\u00e0m v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi. V\u1edbi th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp, sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c nghe, vi\u1ec7c tham d\u1ef1, vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng ai l\u00e0m g\u00ec kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c nghe v\u00ec gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111ang b\u01b0\u1edbc quanh l\u1edbp t\u00edch c\u1ef1c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc th\u00eam.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00ednh ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a l\u00e0 t\u1eebng gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y trong l\u1edbp v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Active learning and Active teaching<\/p>\n

A young professor wrote to me: \u201cThe role of a professor is to teach in class. If you allow students to spend class time to discuss among themselves then what do you teach? How can you consider active learning when you are passively teaching or not teaching much?<\/p>\n

Answer: It is easy to be cynical about the active learning method. I believe in class discussion because it is the students who are actively learning by participate in it. Today most students are dynamic, they do not like to sit quiet and listen to what professors say. By having an active discussion in class, you encourage them to share their understanding with each other. By having discussion students can challenge certain ideas, both of their own and others to arrive at a complete understanding of the topic. By listening to others, they can develop new ideas or using the ideas of others to improve their own thinking. By listening to different ideas among others, they can enrich their knowledge by understand several different viewpoints and see the total ideas rather than just a part of it. They can validate their own and making sure that their understanding was correct and that they were learning the right things.\u201d<\/p>\n

Of course, not every student or professor see the potential for learning through discussion. Some students believe it is something that professors ask them to do because the professor is lazy or not prepare the lecture well enough. Some professors believe active learning via discussion is a waste of their time since they must lecture in class. If you ask students whether they want to participate in class discussion or prefer to listen to professor to lecture then the answer is obvious. Most students would say they want professor to lecture because they will not have to do anything. They do not have to read materials before coming to class. They do not have to understand the materials. They do not have to prepare before class as they wait for the professor to tell them something that they may learn or may not. We have been doing this for hundred years and nothing has changed since then.<\/p>\n

To make active learning works; to make class discussion works, you will need to explain the approach to them and tell them why discussing ideas will make them easier to learn. As professor, you have to actively listen to the discussion to monitor students\u2019 understanding of the topics and make correction if needed. This is NOT passive but active teaching. In the end, you can reinforce the learning that has occurred during the discussion by summarize the key points and ask students to write notes about important ideas that happened during the class discussion. You can validate the learning results by asking them to repeat what they have learned in the next class or you may want to mention about something interesting that students said in the next day.<\/p>\n

The goal of active learning is for students to learn via the exchanges of information where they play an active role. As professors, we listen and take notes of what students discuss so we know whether they understand the materials or not. That is not passive, but active teaching. You also learn more about the topics as you listen to students, sometime they may have ideas that you have not even thought about.<\/p>\n

For many years, I have seen students sleep, sending emails, writing text messages, checking websites, surf the net, or listen to music using earphones during the class lecture. Professors continue to lecture and students continue do whatever they do and the learning outcomes are questionable. With class discussion, the students are all actively involved in the listening, participating, discussing where no one doing anything else but learning as the professor is walking around the class actively encouraging students to learn more.<\/p>\n

However, it is a choice that each professor has to make on how they want to approach their classroom teaching and what method they want to use.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 tr\u1ebb vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cVai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 l\u00e0 d\u1ea1y trong l\u1edbp. N\u1ebfu th\u1ea7y cho ph\u00e9p sinh vi\u00ean d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29,18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-525","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/525","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=525"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/525\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":582,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/525\/revisions\/582"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=525"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=525"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=525"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}