C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ec1 Khoa h\u1ecdc, C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 To\u00e1n h\u1ecdc (STEM) h\u01a1n l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c STEM \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00e0m n\u1ea3y sinh vi\u1ec7c \u00edt h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, khi ai \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi Khoa h\u1ecdc, h\u1ecdc sinh ch\u1ec9 ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 Y h\u1ecdc, Nha khoa v\u00e0 D\u01b0\u1ee3c khoa m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a kh\u00e1c h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc. Khi nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, h\u1ecdc sinh th\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
Theo ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 M\u0129, c\u00f3 tr\u00ean 180 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi STEM, v\u00e0 danh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y v\u1eabn \u0111ang t\u0103ng l\u00ean. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ed1ng k\u1ebf, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 y h\u1ecdc, k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 3 D, robotics, v\u00e0 sinh h\u1ecdc bi\u1ec3n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u00e0i l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c STEM m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao.<\/p>\n
Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 r\u1eb1ng robots s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp qu\u1ea3n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 robots kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec ngo\u00e0i “c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 th\u00f4ng minh” m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng, c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u00f4 t\u00f4 hay m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. Thay v\u00ec lo s\u1ee3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u01b0u th\u1ebf cho ch\u00fang ta. Thay v\u00ec lo ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1t. Khi khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 nhanh ch\u00f3ng, c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi c\u0169ng n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nhanh. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, v\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng ai n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn hay vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 3 D th\u1eadm ch\u00ed t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 li\u1ec7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ee7 nhanh \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c Khoa h\u1ecdc, C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 To\u00e1n h\u1ecdc (STEM), h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc khi h\u1ecd v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc hay trung h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc theo t\u00edn ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee9c cao h\u01a1n khi h\u1ecd v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb, h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u, t\u01b0 duy ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 sinh h\u1ecdc, ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc, v\u1eadt l\u00ed, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1c, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ed1 v.v. Ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c STEM trong c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc sinh l\u00e0 ch\u00fang l\u00e0 kh\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng l\u00ed do cho t\u00ednh kh\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1edb. C\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c STEM KH\u00d4NG th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 KH\u00d4NG n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y b\u1edfi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng n\u01a1i h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa \u0111\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1edb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 thi \u0111\u1ed7 k\u00ec thi. H\u1ecdc sinh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc khoa h\u1ecdc hay to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ghi nh\u1edb c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0o “C\u00c1I G\u00cc” n\u01a1i n\u1ed9i dung m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i g\u00ec m\u1ea5y qua nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m. Nh\u01b0ng khi d\u1ea1y STEM, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o “T\u1ea0I SAO” v\u00e0 “L\u00c0M SAO.” M\u00f4n h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y c\u00f3 t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc sinh t\u00edch c\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u1ed9i dung, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Khi chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y l\u1edbp STEM, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o c\u1ea7n h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o “t\u1ea1i sao” v\u00e0 “l\u00e0m sao” c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u cho h\u1ecdc sinh. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0m l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u1ec1 STEM tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi gi\u00fap h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m. H\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 s\u1ebd t\u00edch c\u1ef1c tham gia v\u00e0o th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn trong l\u1edbp v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. Qua th\u1eddi gian, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c STEM n\u1eefa. V\u00ec n\u1ed9i dung STEM c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 d\u1ea1y m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u1ed7i l\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh.<\/p>\n
Nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc sinh v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n khi h\u1ecdc khu v\u1ef1c STEM v\u00ec h\u1ecd lo ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c cao h\u01a1n. Khi t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc sinh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u1ed1t, t\u00f4i khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c m\u00f4n ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ea1nh th\u00eam c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c. Trong khi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng gi\u00fap \u00edch, c\u00e1c m\u00f4n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u. H\u1ecdc sinh th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch c\u00e1c m\u00f4n ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00fang v\u1edbi th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf c\u00e1c m\u00f4n STEM v\u00ec h\u1ecd ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n
T\u00f4i bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf h\u1ecdc sinh: “Xin nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c em kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc STEM, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, k\u0129 s\u01b0, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 c\u00e1c em h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c em. T\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng kinh nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y khi c\u00e1c em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c em bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng s\u00e1ng l\u1ea1n khi c\u00e1c em nh\u00ecn l\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc theo ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c em. L\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i gi\u00fap c\u00e1c em kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c em, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c em ph\u1ea3i b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1edbi \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c em.”<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
—English version—<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
The STEM Journey<\/p>\n
There are more job opportunities for Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) graduates than any other fields. However, there is not enough information about STEM areas in many countries, resulting in fewer students to study these areas. For example, when someone mentions about Science, students only think of Medicine, Dental, and Pharmacy without knowing that there are many other choices that they can study. When mentioning Technology, students often think of Computer Science and Information technology which limit their choices from many other fields.<\/p>\n
According to a U.S. Government, there are over 180 fields relating to STEM, and the list is still growing. For example, actuarial science, medical technology, 3 D engineering, robotics, and marine biology are just a few STEM fields that not many people know but have excellent careers and high salaries.<\/p>\n
Today there are fears that robots will take over people jobs and there is nothing people can do about it. The fact is robots are nothing but “smart tools” that people can use, just like automobile or computers. Instead of afraid of technologies, we must learn how to use them to our advantage. Instead of worry about losing jobs, we should focus on creating jobs, especially jobs that pay well. As science and technology are advancing fast, new skills are also emerging quickly. For example, a few years ago no one knows that big data analyst or 3 D engineering jobs even exist. The question is can education system also change fast enough to provide people with these new skills?<\/p>\n
To succeed in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) areas, students need to build a strong foundation when they are still in elementary or high school to do higher-level coursework when they go to college. To prepare, students must have basic skills such as reading comprehension, critical thinking, and problem-solving. They should understand the fundamentals of science and math such as biology, chemistry, physics, trigonometry, calculus, and algebra, etc. The common complaint about STEM areas among students is they are difficult. But I found that the reason for the difficulty is the teaching methods of lecturing and memorizing. STEM areas can NOT and should NOT be taught by traditional lecturing where students must read textbooks to memorize some concepts and pass exams. Students cannot learn science or maths by memorizing formula but they must understand the concepts and know how to apply them to solve problems, and it will require a different teaching method.<\/p>\n
The traditional teaching method is focused mostly on the “WHAT” where course content has not changed much over the years. But when teaching STEM, we need to focus on the “WHY” and “HOW.” The course must be taught more interactive, with students do the active learning by asking questions, analyze the content, and solving problems. When preparing for teaching STEM class, teachers need to focus on the “why” and “how” of the materials to the students. It is important for getting students motivated about STEM first before helping them to learn the concepts. Students who are motivated will actively engage in class discussion and learn more. Over times, they will not be afraid of STEM areas anymore. Since STEM content can be abstract and difficult, it is important to teach one concept at a time to increase students’ retention.<\/p>\n
Many students struggle when learning STEM areas as they are worried about failure. It is important for teachers to spend the time to encourage them, and make sure that they have a good foundation to continue at higher levels. When I found some students do not have a good foundation, I encouraged them to take the remedial course to strengthen their basics before continue. While this situation always helps, they do not need to be a bad thing. Students often do not like remedial courses as they equate that with failure. But without appropriate action, some students may drop STEM courses because they think that they cannot succeed.<\/p>\n
I always remind students: “Please remember that you are not just a STEM college student, but future scientists, engineers, innovators, and professors. College is the place where you learn and embrace your future. Enjoy this experience when you can and understand that your future is always bright as you look forward to your career. As professors, we are just guides to help you to travel your journey, but you have to walk all the way to your destination.”<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ec1 Khoa h\u1ecdc, C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 To\u00e1n h\u1ecdc (STEM) h\u01a1n l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5233","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5233","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5233"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5233\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5234,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5233\/revisions\/5234"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5233"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5233"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5233"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}