Khoa h\u1ecdc, C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 To\u00e1n h\u1ecdc (STEM) y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kh\u00e1c t\u1edbi c\u1ea3 d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc. H\u1ecdc sinh ph\u1ea3i KH\u00d4NG h\u1ecdc STEM ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng nghe b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng, m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n
Trong h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c STEM, h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00ec h\u1ecd ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i t\u1edbi l\u1edbp ‘c\u00f3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1eb5n’ v\u00e0 ‘s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng h\u1ecdc,’ \u0111i\u1ec1u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng TR\u01af\u1edaC KHI t\u1edbi l\u1edbp. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1edbi l\u1edbp cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc; trong th\u1eddi gian tr\u00ean l\u1edbp, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n c\u00f9ng l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 “l\u00e0m s\u00e2u s\u1eafc” tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n
T\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng khuy\u00ean h\u1ecdc sinh: \u201cN\u1ebfu c\u00e1c em t\u1edbi l\u1edbp m\u00e0 KH\u00d4NG \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb, th\u00ec c\u00e1c em s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 sau. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c em kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c em th\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00ean m\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 trong bu\u1ed5i l\u00ean l\u1edbp ti\u1ebfp sau. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c em kh\u00f4ng tham gia v\u00e0o th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 “n\u00f4ng” v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng “\u0111\u1ee7 s\u00e2u” \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c em ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.\u201d<\/p>\n
Trong th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111ang h\u1ecdc. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng logic n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 l\u00ed do \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 “C\u00c1I G\u00cc” m\u00e0 v\u1ec1 “T\u1ea0I SAO” n\u00f3 l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan “TH\u1ebe N\u00c0O” t\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. Hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh trong th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp cho ph\u00e9p th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd li\u1ec7u h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u hay c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c “d\u1ea1y l\u1ea1i” \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc h\u1ecdc sinh hi\u1ec3u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n
H\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n vi\u1ec7c ghi nh\u1edb v\u00ec h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.\u00a0 Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn l\u00e1i b\u1edfi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y, m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp; h\u1ecdc sinh KH\u00d4NG th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ghi nh\u1edb. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 “\u0111\u1ee7 s\u00e2u” \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc khi m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i.\u00a0 Trong H\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o hi\u1ec3u “T\u1ea0I SAO” v\u00e0 “TH\u1ebe N\u00c0O” v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3.<\/p>\n
L\u00e0 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o, t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o “T\u1ea1i sao” v\u00e0 “Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o” trong l\u1edbp v\u00ec t\u00f4i mong \u0111\u1ee3i h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc “C\u00e1i g\u00ec” t\u1eeb t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecdc TR\u01af\u1edaC KHI h\u1ecd t\u1edbi l\u1edbp. T\u00f4i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng ng\u1eafn, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ki\u1ec3m tra h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n, v\u00e0 b\u00e0i thi h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc. D\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p H\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n trong chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho c\u1ea3 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh. H\u1ecdc sinh t\u1edbi l\u1edbp c\u00f3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng trong l\u1edbp th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1t. H\u1ecdc sinh kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecf m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian sau. Tuy nhi\u00ean, quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc sinh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t khi h\u1ecd t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c khi h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn h\u1ecdc sinh duy tr\u00ec li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi t\u00f4i sau khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p; h\u1ecd g\u1eedi email h\u1ecfi xin l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed g\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec7n cho t\u00f4i khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n duy tr\u00ec li\u00ean h\u1ec7 sau hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m khi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u1ee9c cao trong c\u00f4ng ti.<\/p>\n
N\u0103m ngo\u00e1i t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t email m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quan ch\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ea5p cao \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft: \u201cEm s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 em m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1edf trong l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh. Tri th\u1ee9c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a em ch\u1ec9 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i b\u1ea9y n\u0103m nh\u01b0ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a em \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 th\u00f3i quen h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a em \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p em v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea1nh tranh kh\u00e1c v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0y.\u201d \u00a0T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i cho anh ta: \u201cC\u00e1m \u01a1n em v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y th\u00e0nh x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng; v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh em l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng lao c\u1ee7a em v\u00ec em ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a em v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a em. \u201d<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
—English version—<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Teaching and Learning STEM<\/p>\n
Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) requires a different approach to both teaching and learning. The student should NOT learn STEM just by listening to lectures, but they must understand the concepts and apply what they have learned into practice to develop the needed skills.<\/p>\n
In studying STEM fields, students must not be passive listeners but active learners because they are responsible for their learning. For learning to happen, they must come to class \u2018prepared\u2019 and \u2018ready to learn,\u2019 which requires them to read the assigned reading BEFORE coming to class. Being prepared for class allows them to build a certain idea about what they will learn; during class time, they will learn more by asking questions on things that they do not understand and discuss with classmates to \u201cdeepen\u201d their knowledge.<\/p>\n
I often advise students: \u201cIf you come to class but NOT prepared, then you will have to study more afterward. But if you do not understand something, you may not have a chance to ask because you often forget about it in the next class. If you do not participate in class discussion, your understanding may be \u201cshallow\u201d and not \u201cdeep enough\u201d to allow you to analyze and solve problems.\u201d<\/p>\n
During the class discussion, the teachers guide the discussion by asking questions, but students must talk more about what they are learning. They should explain their understanding by using certain logics and reasons to address the topics and problems. The discussion should not be on the \u201cWHAT\u201d but \u201cWHY\u201d it is important and \u201cHOW\u201d it relates to the problems that they must solve. Students \u2018performance during class discussion allows the teachers to evaluated their learning whether they know the materials well or something needs to be \u201cre-taught\u201d to make sure students understand the materials and meet the course objectives.<\/p>\n
Active Learning requires more than memorization as students must understand, analyze, organize, and be able to apply the concept to solve the problems.\u00a0 In this technology-driven world, things change fast and overwhelming; Students can NOT succeed just by memorizing. They must learn by understanding everything \u201cdeep enough\u201d to apply it and continue to learn as things change.\u00a0 In Active learning, students should focus on understand the \u201cWHY\u201d and the \u201cHOW\u201d and be prepared to apply it.<\/p>\n
As a teacher, I often focus on the \u201cWhy\u201d and the \u201cHow\u201d in my class because I expect students to learn the \u201cWhat\u201d from the reading materials BEFORE they come to class. I design my courses using short lectures, weekly quizzes, and monthly tests to ensure that my students achieve the course objectives and getting them motivated about learning. Using Active Learning method requires more time to prepare for both teacher and students. Students who come prepared and actively learn in class often do well and achieve good grades. Students who do not often drop the course and have to repeat at a later time. However, my relationship with students does not end when they graduate but continue when they are working in the industry. Most students stay in contact with me after graduation; they send an email asking for advice or even call me when they face problems in their work. Some even stay in contact after twenty years as many of them have reached high-level positions in the company.<\/p>\n
Last year I received an email where a senior executive wrote: \u201cI would never reach this position if I were not in your class and taking your advice seriously. My technical knowledge last only seven years but my soft-skills opened many doors of opportunity, and my lifelong learning habit allowed me to bypass all other competitors for this senior position.\u201d \u00a0I wrote back to him: \u201cThank you for making my teaching worthwhile; and it is you who deserve all your credits because you are responsible for your learning and your career. \u201d<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Khoa h\u1ecdc, C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 To\u00e1n h\u1ecdc (STEM) y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kh\u00e1c t\u1edbi c\u1ea3 d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc. H\u1ecdc sinh ph\u1ea3i KH\u00d4NG … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5214","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5214","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5214"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5214\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5215,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5214\/revisions\/5215"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5214"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5214"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5214"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}