V\u00ec chi ph\u00ed lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ea5p, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u0103ng l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. Trong h\u01a1n ba m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m qua, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh “trung t\u00e2m ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o” c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u tri\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ng\u00e0y nay v\u1edbi t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111ang ch\u1eadm d\u1ea7n l\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng chi ph\u00ed s\u1ed1ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c n\u00e2ng l\u00ean, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111ang \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda.<\/p>\n
Nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, khi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u01a1n v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao h\u01a1n, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf l\u00e0ng m\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i ra c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c. Ng\u00e0y nay, khi nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111ang \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 quen v\u1edbi phong c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 l\u00e0ng m\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t, v\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u “t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1” \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n h\u01a1n s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, Foxconn, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang l\u00e0m Apple iPhones nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n l\u1eafp r\u00e1p b\u1eb1ng robots \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111ang m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 con s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u0103ng.<\/p>\n
Trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m qua, vi\u1ec7c mua robot c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh ch\u00f3ng. Theo b\u00e1o ch\u00ed Trung Qu\u1ed1c, n\u0103m ngo\u00e1i c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 mua tr\u00ean 67,000 robots,\u00a0 qu\u00e3ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u nh\u01b0ng nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111ang cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i l\u00ean s\u1ed1 150,000 robots h\u00e0ng n\u0103m trong n\u0103m nay. Khi nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1, con s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c \u0111ang tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111ang t\u0103ng l\u00ean trong m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. B\u00e1o ch\u00ed Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ecnh r\u1eb1ng con s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi con s\u1ed1 cao nh\u1ea5t trong n\u0103m 2010 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n 900 tri\u1ec7u, nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi n\u00f3 \u0111ang t\u1ee5t xu\u1ed1ng \u00edt h\u01a1n 800 tri\u1ec7u; \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 100 tri\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf than: \u201cKh\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t v\u1edbi 100 tri\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Ngay c\u1ea3 trong m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee3i b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5.\u201d Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p trong n\u0103m 2017 s\u1ebd g\u1ea5p ba m\u1ee9c n\u0103m 2016 khi vi\u1ec7c y\u1ebfu \u0111i c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf, \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian gay go h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n
V\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u tri\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eefa s\u1ebd s\u1edbm m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecfi: \u201cL\u00e0m sao ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y?\u201d \u00a0Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p logic l\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc (STEM) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh. H\u00e8 n\u0103m ngo\u00e1i khi d\u1ea1y \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i: \u201cB\u00e2y gi\u1edd t\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c STEM l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Obama. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u00ecn xa h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o l\u1ee3i \u00edch ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o.\u00a0V\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Obama, M\u0129 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 100,000 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o STEM m\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 2020. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ra tr\u00ean 100,000 k\u0129 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. Ng\u00e0y nay, nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u1edbp khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u trong khi sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh m\u00e3i t\u1edbi n\u0103m th\u1ee9 hai trong \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc.\u201d T\u00f4i b\u1ea3o \u00f4ng \u1ea5y: \u201cKh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd qu\u00e1 tr\u1ec5 cho thay \u0111\u1ed5i, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. T\u1ea1i sao kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc STEM h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean STEM h\u01a1n?\u201d<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
—English version—<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Technology Advancement<\/p>\n
Because of lower labor costs, China had attracted many manufacturing companies who wanted to reduce costs and increase profits to outsource works there. For over thirty years, China has become the \u201cManufacturing center\u201d of the world with several million new jobs created for their people. Today with automation and artificial Intelligence, many Chinese workers are losing their jobs, the economy is slowing down, but cost of living continue to rise, even many factories are closing.<\/p>\n
Several years ago, as its economy expanded quickly with more opportunities and higher wages, many people left their villages to go to big cities to find work. Today, as many factories are closing, workers who get used to the lifestyle of city living refuse to return to their villages and create a heavy burden to the society. And it is not the worst case, as factories in China begin to \u201cautomate\u201d to stay competitive with other countries, more workers will lose their job. For example, Foxconn, one of the largest electronic factories in China that make Apple iPhones is automated all assembly lines with robots to keep their production more efficient and lower their production costs which mean hundred thousands of workers are losing their jobs and the number of unemployed workers has reached a critical point.<\/p>\n
In the past few years, China\u2019s purchasing of industrial robots is rapidly growing quickly. According to Chinese newspapers, last year Chinese manufacturers bought over 67,000 robots,\u00a0 about a quarter of global sales but demand is getting higher to double to 150,000 robots annually this year. As more factories began to automate, the number of workers losing jobs is getting worst, and workers demonstrations are increasing in every city. Chinese newspapers reported that the number of the factory workers reached the highest number in 2010 at more than 900 million, but currently it is falling to less than 800 million; that means approximate 100 million workers do not have a job. An economist lamented: \u201cNo country could survive with 100 million unemployed workers. Even in a country with over a billion people, this is a crisis waiting to explode.\u201d Many economists warned that unemployment in 2017 would triple the level in 2016 as the weakening of the economy will destabilize the society, disrupt the lives of people and factory workers already suffering, may face even tougher times.<\/p>\n
With several million workers already lost their job and much more will soon lose their job, people begin to ask: \u201cHow can we avoid this crisis?\u201d \u00a0The logical solution is improving the education system by focusing more on science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) to create more technology jobs and remain competitive. Last summer when teaching in China, a university administrator told me: \u201cNow I understand why STEM education is the key policy of the Obama\u2019s administration. They have a vision and be able to look much farther into the future when we only look at the short-term benefits of manufacturing outsourcing.\u00a0On Obama\u2019s leadership, the US will have over 100,000 new STEM teachers by 2020. At the same time, their universities will be able to produce over 100,000 engineers and scientists per year. Today, many of their high schools already have computer science classes as required courses when our students do not take programming until the second year in college.\u201d I told him: \u201cIt is never too late to change, as leader of a university you could do better than that. Why not starting with more STEM courses and train more STEM teachers?\u201d<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
V\u00ec chi ph\u00ed lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ea5p, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u0103ng l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5210","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5210","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5210"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5210\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5211,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5210\/revisions\/5211"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5210"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5210"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5210"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}