N\u0103m ngo\u00e1i khi d\u1ea1y \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. T\u00f4i ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean, \u0111a s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i: “V\u00ec em mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m ra nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n.” Hay \u201cEm h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, \u0111\u1ec3 cho em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1edbi M\u0129 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ra nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n.\u201d Kh\u00f4ng ai n\u00f3i b\u1ea5t k\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec v\u1ec1 gi\u00fap gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ecd hay x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay n\u1ed7i \u00e1m \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.\u00a0 Khi sinh vi\u00ean ch\u00e2u \u00c1 ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf M\u0129, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u quan ni\u1ec7m sai v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 g\u00ec cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng tin d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i.<\/p>\n
T\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u: \u201cC\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1eed nh\u00e2n trong khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p M\u0129, c\u00e1c em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eefa $75,000 t\u1edbi $90,000 (d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u0103m 2015) m\u1ed9t n\u0103m. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c em s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1edd. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u t\u1eebng c\u00f4ng ti l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u1ec1 trung b\u00ecnh, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n k\u0129 thu\u1eadt d\u00e0nh qu\u00e3ng m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1edbi m\u01b0\u1eddi hai gi\u1edd m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u00e2u h\u01a1n, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n. L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c “t\u00e1m gi\u1edd” \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ebft th\u00e1ng n\u1ecd t\u1edbi th\u00e1ng kia, h\u1ebft n\u0103m n\u1ecd t\u1edbi n\u0103m kia, th\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u00e1c em s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t.\u201d<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean n\u00eau ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u201cB\u00ean c\u1ea1nh l\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u1ebf c\u00f2n tu\u1ef3 ch\u1ecdn c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1edfng khi k\u00ed v\u00e0o l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c th\u00ec sao?\u201d<\/p>\n
L\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean n\u00e0y. T\u00f4i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u201cKhi c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u00ea c\u00e1c em h\u1ecd s\u1ebd cho c\u00e1c em ti\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1edfng khi k\u00ed v\u00e0o l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Th\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau tu\u1ef3 theo c\u00f4ng ti nh\u01b0ng trung b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 qu\u00e3ng $10,000 t\u1edbi $50,000 tu\u1ef3 theo v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c em c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u cao nh\u01b0 T\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn, Internet m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 v\u00e0 an ninh cyber, th\u00ec c\u00e1c em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c $30,000 t\u1edbi $50,000 th\u01b0\u1edfng ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c sau th\u00e1ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u0103m 2015). Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti c\u0169ng cho c\u00e1c em tu\u1ef3 ch\u1ecdn c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 Google, Facebook, Amazon, Microsoft tu\u1ef3 ch\u1ecdn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 gi\u1eefa $25,000 t\u1edbi $200,000 tu\u1ef3 theo v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c em, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c em ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 trong ba t\u1edbi n\u0103m n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00e1c em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e1n c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p, tu\u1ef3 ch\u1ecdn c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean t\u1edbi v\u00e0i tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn \u0111\u00f4 la.\u201d<\/p>\n
C\u1ea3 l\u1edbp d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 h\u00e1o h\u1ee9c. M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddi to: \u201cCh\u00fang em kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec v\u1edbi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1edd. Em th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c hai m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ed1n ti\u1ebfng n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n!\u201d M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh l\u00e0m ra nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n, kh\u00f4ng ai h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. T\u00f4i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c: \u201cT\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ti n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c em ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt gi\u1ecfi. Vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 v\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c em ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft th\u00eam v\u1ec1 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cao nh\u01b0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch D\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn hay Internet m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9. C\u00e1c em c\u00f3 cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c em c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng? Tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c em c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c em trong nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng?\u201d<\/p>\n
C\u1ea3 l\u1edbp d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u1eb7ng \u0111i m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat. T\u00f4i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c: \u201cB\u00ean c\u1ea1nh k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c em kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfng Anh r\u1ea5t gi\u1ecfi, c\u00e1c em s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Cho d\u00f9 c\u00e1c em \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u00ea nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ed1t, c\u00e1c em s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn c\u00f2n trong vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed hay l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ed1t. Ng\u00e0y nay, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i xa kh\u1ecfi “m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00f2ng nh\u1ecf” \u0111i v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng “c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c m\u1edf” n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed t\u1ed5. M\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edf cho ph\u00e9p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n nh\u00fang b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd v\u00e0o trong “v\u0103n ho\u00e1 ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn” n\u01a1i trao \u0111\u1ed5i\u00a0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch, v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn m\u1edbi. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c em kh\u00f4ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ed1t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edf n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb d\u00e1n nh\u00e3n l\u00e0 “kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c.\u201d N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c em kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 t\u1ed1t, c\u00e1c em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c” v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i ra b\u1edfi t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c em. Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c em l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c em kh\u00f4ng. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c hay l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. V\u00ec m\u1ecdi t\u1ed5 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t hay c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea1nh tranh. Ngay c\u1ea3 b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 c\u0169ng c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n giao gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c em kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea1nh tranh t\u1ed1t, t\u1ed5 s\u1ebd th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf. Do \u0111\u00f3, trong c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5, c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c \u00e9p l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c em kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 s\u1ebd b\u00e1c b\u1ecf c\u00e1c em. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y l\u00e0 li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c em c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong ki\u1ec3u m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c \u00e9p cao n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng?\u201d<\/p>\n
Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng nghe n\u00f3i g\u00ec m\u1ea5y v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. T\u00f4i n\u00f3i th\u00eam: \u201cC\u00f4ng ti tr\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n cho tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c em v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 mong \u0111\u1ee3i cao. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c em ngh\u0129 c\u00e1c em c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c em s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m hay h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c em trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111ang c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00e1c em c\u00f3 m\u00e0 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c em s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc k\u0129 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai n\u00e0o. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng, cho n\u00ean c\u00e1c em bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c em kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00f3i quen h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi h\u00f4m nay, trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m c\u00e1c em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb1ng sau. Khi k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c em l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi n\u1eefa, c\u00f4ng ti s\u1ebd sa th\u1ea3i c\u00e1c em. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ki\u1ebfm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m l\u00e0 d\u1ec5, gi\u1eef vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c em ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o h\u1ecdc li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y l\u00e0, c\u00e1c em c\u00f3 th\u00f3i quen h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c em kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef cho k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c em \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt, c\u00e1c em s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00e1c em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p, nh\u01b0ng khi c\u00e1c em \u0111i l\u00e0m, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed7 hay b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y, v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c em v\u00e0 c\u00e1c em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc nhanh th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, c\u00e1c em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt t\u1ed1t th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ef1: \u201cNh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1edbn \u1edf vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ti\u1ebfp sau d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t k\u0129 n\u0103ng tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.\u201d<\/p>\n
T\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cM\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m sai th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1eb7ct bi\u1ec7t \u1edf Thung l\u0169ng Silicon l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1edbn \u1edf vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t k\u0129 n\u0103ng. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u1eadp c\u00e1c mi\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng cho t\u1eebng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0o h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang t\u1edbi cho c\u00f4ng ti v\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u1edbp th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c em \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti r\u1ed3i chuy\u1ec3n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c em kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. C\u00f4ng ti thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1c em ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u00edt nh\u1ea5t ba t\u1edbi b\u1ed1n m\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. C\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t l\u1eafm v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n “thu\u00ea r\u1ed3i \u0111u\u1ed5i\u201d, cho n\u00ean c\u00e1c em \u0111ang c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00ec l\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y l\u00e0 \u201cC\u00e1c em c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7? C\u00e1c em c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng? C\u00e1c em c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng? C\u00e1c em c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng? C\u00e1c em c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh kh\u00f4ng? L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, c\u00e1c em s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m tuy\u1ec7t h\u1ea3o v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c em ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129 \u01b0\u1edbc ao.\u201d<\/p>\n
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—English version—<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Working in U.S. technology industry<\/p>\n
Last year when teaching in Asia, I asked students why they are studying technology. To my surprise, a majority of students said: “Because I want to make a lot of money.” Or \u201cI study technology, so I can come to the U.S. and make a lot of money.\u201d No one says anything about helping their family or their society. It seemed that money is the ultimate goal or obsession of students who study technology.\u00a0 When Asian students think of working in the U.S., many often have a lot of misconceptions of what working life actually is so I shared with them some information based on my experiences.<\/p>\n
I began: \u201cHaving a Bachelor degree in computer science and get a job in the U.S. industry, you could make between $75,000 to $90,000 (2015 data) per year. But you will have to work long hours. Although each company is different, on the average, most technology workers spend about ten to twelve hours per day and sometimes longer, when needed. The typical “eight-hour\u201d working does not actually exist in the technology industry. If you can do that, months after month, and year after year, then you will do well.\u201d<\/p>\n
A student raised a question: \u201cBesides salary, what \u2018s about the stock options and sign-in bonus?\u201d<\/p>\n
Again money and benefits are the main concerns of these students. I answered: \u201cWhen technology company hires you they will give you a sign-in bonus. The bonus is different depending on the company but the average is about $10,000 to $50,000 depending on the position and the need of the company. If you have the high demand skills such as Cloud Computing, Big data analytics, Internet of Things, and Cybersecurity, then you may get $30,000 to $50,000 bonus immediately after the first month of working (2015 data). Most companies also give you stock options. For top established companies like Google, Facebook, Amazon, Microsoft the options could be between $25,000 to $200,000 depending on your positions, but you have to work there for three to five years before you can sell the stocks. However, for startups, the stock option could be much more and could even go to several hundred thousand dollars.\u201d<\/p>\n
The whole class seemed excited. One student laughed out loud: \u201cWe have no problems working long hours. I can even work twenty-four hours if needed !\u201d Although most students were happy about the prospect of making a lot of money, no one asked about the working environment. I continued: \u201cOf course, to get a job with these company, you must have strong technical skills. Coding and programming are the basics, but you must know more about development lifecycle, the software processes, and specific high demand skills such as Big data analytics or Internet of Things. Do you think you have those skills? Does your school train you in these skills?\u201d<\/p>\n
The class seemed a little quiet. I continued: \u201cBesides technical skills, the most important skills are soft skills such as communication, presentation, and teamwork. If you do not speak English very well, you will have difficulty passing the job interview. Even if you get hired but do not communicate well, you will have difficulty in advancing your career. There are many people remain in testing or programming jobs for many years because they do not communicate well. Today, most technology companies have moved away from the \u201ccubicle environment\u201d into an \u201copen-collaborative\u201d environment where people are working in a teaming atmosphere. An open environment allows workers to immerse themselves into an \u201cinnovation culture\u201d where communication is encouraged, and knowledge is shared freely to create new innovative solutions. If you do not communicate well in this open environment, you may be labeled \u201cIncompetent.\u201d If you do not have teamwork skills, you may be called \u201cuncooperative\u201d and could be eliminated by your team. In the technology industry, either you are part of a team, or you are not. There is no place for people who like to work by themselves or individually. Because all teams compete with others to get the best projects or the chance to work on the latest technology, the working environment is very competitive. Even within a company, teams compete with others to deliver better solutions and to get the best projects. If your team cannot compete well, the team will often be assigned to lower level works and eventually could be eliminated. Therefore, among team members, there are pressures to work hard. If you do not contribute or have higher productivity, the team members will reject you. My question is are you prepared to work in this type of high pressured environment?\u201d<\/p>\n
Most students seemed surprised because they did not hear much about the competitive nature of technology works. I added: \u201cThe company pays a lot of money for your knowledge and skills and they have high expectations. If you think you have excellent skills in school, you will meet hundreds or thousands of people with similar skills like you in these technology companies and all of them are competing for the best positions and salaries. However, the issue is not about what you have but what future skills you will learn. Technology changes fast, so you always have to keep up by continue to learn new things. If you do not develop a lifelong learning habit today, in a few years you may be left behind. When your skills are obsolete or no longer needed, the company will fire you. The fact is in the technology industry, everyone has to compete to keep their job. Getting a job is easy, keeping the job is much more difficult, and to do that you must focus on continuous learning. My question is, do you have the lifelong learning habit? If you do not keep your skills up to date, you will not survive. Today you can pass tests and get a degree, but when you go to work, there is no test to pass or the degree to get, and everything is depending on your knowledge and skills and how fast can you learn, how well can you update?<\/p>\n
A student hesitated: \u201cBut you can always change job. You get a big raise at your next job based on the shortage of skills in the market.\u201d<\/p>\n
I explained: \u201cOne of the most common misconceptions, specifically in Silicon Valley is that workers will get a big raise at their next job. This is typically based on the shortage of skills. The fact is all companies have sets of salary ranges for each position and pay workers based on what skills they can bring to the company and how they fit into their working environment. If you have worked only for a short time at a company then switch job, it is an indicator that either you do not have the needed skills or do not fit in the working environment. Hiring companies are very caution with people like that. You must work at least three to four years to be considered experienced enough to change job. There is much stricter interview for experienced people to focus on the technical skills because they do not want to \u201chire then fire\u201d workers, so you are competing with people that have both current skills and experiences for the top salary. My questions are \u201cWhat skills do you have to work in the technology industry?\u201d Are you prepared to work hard? Do you have the lifelong learning skills? Do you have needed soft-skills? Are you competitive enough? As technology graduates, you will get an excellent job and high salary, but you have to be prepared, and without appropriate preparation, it is only wishful thinking.\u201d<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
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N\u0103m ngo\u00e1i khi d\u1ea1y \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. T\u00f4i ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean, \u0111a s\u1ed1 sinh … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5185","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5185","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5185"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5185\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5186,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5185\/revisions\/5186"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5185"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5185"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5185"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}