Tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea1n t\u00f4i Akira, m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n t\u1edbi th\u0103m t\u00f4i. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, v\u00e0 anh \u1ea5y k\u1ec3 cho t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng robot \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n.\u00a0 Anh \u1ea5y n\u00f3i: \u201cTrong hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m qua, ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 s\u00fat gi\u1ea3m v\u00ec c\u1ea1nh tranh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c s\u00fat gi\u1ea3m d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n gi\u00e0 h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng \u00edt c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n tr\u1ebb h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n l\u1eafp r\u00e1p c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111e do\u1ea1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 Sony, Panasonic, Mitsubishi, v\u00e0 Hitachi. V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed9t “gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 “nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u” c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00ecm nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n h\u01a1n.\u201d<\/p>\n
T\u00f4i ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean: \u201cN\u1ebfu gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi, th\u00ec gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c cho vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 g\u00ec?”<\/p>\n
Anh \u1ea5y tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u201cGi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 “t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1” v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng robot \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c thay cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n l\u1eafp r\u00e1p v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u00e1 m\u1ecdi trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi l\u00e0 “nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u” c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m cho t\u1edbi khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ecdi qui tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nhi\u1ec1u robot h\u01a1n. Ng\u00e0y nay khu v\u1ef1c robot c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111ang t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi kinh doanh $20 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la v\u00e0 s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n t\u1ea1o ra h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed b\u1edfi robot \u0111\u1ec3 cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quay l\u1ea1i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c trong t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn th\u1eadt chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00f3n ch\u00e0o thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y.\u201d<\/p>\n
T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi: \u201cC\u00e1i g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra cho nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u n\u00e0y?”<\/p>\n
Anh \u1ea5y n\u00f3i: \u201cH\u1ecd l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n theo h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng. Sau khi h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i v\u1ec1. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u1eadt v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c di d\u00e2n v\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i hi v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c robot c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Malaysia trong chi ph\u00ed lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. V\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 M\u0129 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y kh\u00e1c, robot \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i \u0111e do\u1ea1 cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n trong ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac gi\u1ee5c c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 c\u00e1c robot v\u00e0o m\u1ecdi ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. Ch\u1eb3ng bao l\u00e2u anh s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c robot \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i, t\u1eeb ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb cho t\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n, nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng v.v. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n y\u00eau m\u1ebfn robots, t\u1eeb tr\u1ebb em t\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i y\u00eau th\u00edch t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 v\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u nhu c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y.\u201d<\/p>\n
T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi: \u201cNg\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u00eap robot \u0111ang l\u00e0m \u0103n th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\u201d<\/p>\n
Anh \u1ea5y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cNg\u00e0y nay, n\u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t trong vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m robots. Thay v\u00ec x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 TV, VCR, c\u00e1c v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed m\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i chuy\u1ec3n sang c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n m\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cao h\u01a1n. C\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, Malaysia kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn. Nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 chi ph\u1ed1i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, nh\u01b0ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng robot. Ng\u00e0nh ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra \u0111\u1ee7 lo\u1ea1i robots, t\u1eeb robot ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o n\u1eb7ng cho t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u01a1i tr\u1ebb em. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng cho vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c robot v\u00e0 t\u0103ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng robot d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 l\u00ean \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 20 l\u1ea7n trong n\u0103m n\u0103m t\u1edbi. Cho t\u1edbi gi\u1edd, chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai robot \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean 10 tri\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gi\u1eef cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t cho t\u1edbi 2030. Robots v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e9t \u0111i 25% chi ph\u00ed lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n.\u201d<\/p>\n
T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi: \u201cNh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng \u0111ang x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng robots m\u00e0. N\u0103m ngo\u00e1i t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng robot \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c.\u201d<\/p>\n
Anh \u1ea5y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cHi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 robot m\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 M\u0129, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn v\u00e0o robot ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o. Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1eabn \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111u\u1ed5i theo, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng. Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111ang l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i robots, l\u1edbn t\u1edbi nh\u1ecf. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u Robot cho Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c robot c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n d\u00f9ng robot \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd v\u00e0i b\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i d\u00f9ng robot v\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u1ea7n robot v\u00ec n\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u00e0 \u201cH\u1ecd s\u1ebd l\u00e0m g\u00ec v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai?\u201d<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
—English version—<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
A conversation about robots<\/p>\n
Last week my friend Akira, a Japanese university professor came to visit me. We discussed many things about education and technology, and he told me about the robotic revolution in Japan.\u00a0 He said: \u201cFor the past twenty years, Japanese manufacturing was on the declining because of competitions from others such as S. Korea and China. Currently, Japan is facing a decreasing in a population with many older workers but fewer young workers. Factories cannot find enough workers to work on the factory assembly lines. Without proper action, it will threaten the industrial base of large companies such as Sony, Panasonic, Mitsubishi, and Hitachi. A few years ago, a \u201ctemporary solution\u201d was implemented to \u201cimport\u201d workers from oversea but the real solution was not about finding more workers.\u201d<\/p>\n
I am surprised: \u201cIf the solution is only temporary, what is the real solution for the lack of workers?<\/p>\n
He answered: \u201cThe real solution is \u201cautomation\u201d and use robots to do the work instead of people. Of course, it will take the time to change the factory assembly lines and modernize all equipment in the factories. The temporary solution is \u201cimport\u201d workers for few years until we complete all the automation process and build more robots. Today Japan\u2019s robotics sector is growing to a $20 billion business and will continue growing. We want to create a mass-production system run by robots so we can get back into the global market. The strategy in automation is carefully planned in detail and communicate to our people, and they are welcoming this change.\u201d<\/p>\n
I asked: \u201cWhat will happen to these imported workers?<\/p>\n
He said: \u201cThey are contracted workers. After the contract ends, they must leave. It reflects Japan\u2019s aversion to immigration as we hope that robots can keep our factories competitive with other rivals like China, Malaysia in lower labor costs. For many countries, including the U.S. and other western countries, robots are seen as a threat to workers in manufacturing, but we understand the needs of technology to keep our economy running. Our government has urged companies to distribute robots into every part of our society. Soon you will see robots everywhere, from manufacturing, healthcare to hotels, restaurants, etc. Japanese love robots, from young children to the elderly, we love automation because we understand the needs.\u201d<\/p>\n
I asked: \u201cHow is the robotics industry doing so far?\u201d<\/p>\n
He explained: \u201cToday, Japan is probably number one in making robots. Instead of building things like TV, VCR, electronic gadgets that other countries can do, we switch to something more sophisticated which require higher education levels. Something other countries like China, S. Korea, Malaysia cannot compete shortly. Many years ago, we dominated the electronics market, but now we will control the robots market. Our manufacturing is producing all types of robots, from heavy manufacturing robots to children toys. We plan to double the market for manufacturing robots and increasing the service robots market at least 20 times in the next five years. So far, the strategy to develop and deploy robots already saved over 10 million Japanese jobs and continue to keep our economy running well through 2030. Robots and automation could shave 25% off factory labor costs in Japan.\u201d<\/p>\n
I asked: \u201cBut other countries are building robots too. Last years I saw several robotics factories in China.\u201d<\/p>\n
He explained: \u201cCurrently the best countries that have strong robotics technology are Germany and the U.S., but they are limited mostly to manufacturing robots. China is still trying to catch up, but they do not have the technology and skills yet. Japan is making all types of robots, large and small. We export our Robots to China and today China is the biggest buying of our robots, they want to use robots to replace their labor workers so they can stay competitive. However, we are few steps ahead of them. We use robots because we do not have enough workers but China needs robots because it wants to stay competitive. But a country with a large population of labor workers will not accept full automation. The question is \u201cWhat would they do with hundreds of million unemployed people with no hope and no future?\u201d<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea1n t\u00f4i Akira, m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n t\u1edbi th\u0103m t\u00f4i. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5156","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5156","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5156"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5156\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5157,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5156\/revisions\/5157"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5156"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5156"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5156"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}