Ng\u00e0y nay t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 robot \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp qu\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1edbi v\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi. Khi nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 x\u1ea3y ra, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi, v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho nhu c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y. Khi c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 19 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1t trong, d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n l\u1eafp r\u00e1p, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n v.v. m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0y nay. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n l\u1eafp r\u00e1p c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi n\u00e0y. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng l\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n
Khi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p k\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng l\u00ean th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng n\u00e2ng chu\u1ea9n s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf. Frederick Taylor, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean phong c\u1ee7a Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec1n. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n l\u1eafp r\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ed1 kho\u1ea3n m\u1ee5c h\u1ecd s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra. V\u00ec c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Qua th\u1eddi gian, chu\u1ea9n s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng l\u00ean m\u1ee9c cao h\u01a1n. Khi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n h\u01a1n, h\u1ecd chi ti\u00eau nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u1eabn l\u00e1i vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 chu k\u00ec n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea9y n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n
Ng\u00e0y nay ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 Internet b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e2ng m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n l\u00ean m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c. Khi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111i hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i quay l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o ra vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, cho n\u00ean c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc th\u00eam n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp v\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft: \u201cTrong th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 21, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u01b0u th\u1ebf h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c v\u00ec gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.\u201d<\/p>\n
Ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0 d\u1eabn l\u00e1i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf trong th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 21 v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o Khoa h\u1ecdc, C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 To\u00e1n h\u1ecdc (STEM). V\u00ec t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1edbi, nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng trong vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng ph\u00e1 b\u1ecf c\u00e1ch ki\u1ebfm s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch thay th\u1ebf k\u0129 n\u0103ng hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.\u00a0 M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u robot c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 r\u1ebb h\u01a1n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, robot ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec3u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 k\u0129 s\u01b0 c\u01a1 kh\u00ed, k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, v\u00e0 k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Khi robot l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u00e3 thu\u00ea c\u00e1c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean robot \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ch\u00fang, b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec ch\u00fang, v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u00fang khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u201ct\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1\u201d kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ki\u1ec3u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n
Ba m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u00e3 kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c v\u00ec chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 r\u1ebb h\u01a1n. V\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, d\u00f9ng robot b\u00e2y gi\u1edd r\u1ebb h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Robots c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c 24 gi\u1edd v\u00e0 7 ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n. Theo m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, m\u1ed9t robot \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u1ea5t 30 xu m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 hay Trung Qu\u1ed1c s\u1ebd t\u1ed1n \u00edt nh\u1ea5t $5 \u0111\u00f4 la m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd, cho n\u00ean t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1eb1ng robot l\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti. Kh\u00f4ng may, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00fang, kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn xa l\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u1edbi k\u0129 n\u0103ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 v\u1eabn hi v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb 2010, khi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f9ng robot v\u00e0 th\u00f4i g\u1eedi vi\u1ec7c ra h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i, h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, con s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng v\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng m\u1ea5y ch\u1ed1c s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n
Th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc trong cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1, m\u1ed9t quan ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u201cLi\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf robot \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y r\u1ed3i kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o robot cho n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ebb h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed kh\u00f4ng?” Di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 trong robotics, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u201cKh\u00f3 m\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng robots trong m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7.\u00a0 Robot kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i m\u00e1y \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng b\u1edfi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. N\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t \u1edf m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc.\u201d<\/p>\n
T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn l\u00e1i b\u1edfi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh cho m\u1ecdi n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ecdi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. Khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti, l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ec3u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec1u k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 l\u00ean c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ee9c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nhanh ch\u00f3ng, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t, v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u00e0: \u201cH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ee7 nhanh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 21 kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
—English version—<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Eeducation and automation<\/p>\n
Today automation and robots are taking over many jobs, but they also create new jobs and new industries. As more automation is taking place, more educated workers are needed, and the education system must change quickly to meet this need. When the Industrial Revolution began in the late 19th century with steam engines, combustion engines, assembly lines, and electricity, etc. The typical education level of many people at that time was equal to the elementary school of today. To work on the factory assembly lines, workers must know more than just read and write, they must understand the basic concept of a factory operation and other factors such as productivity, efficiency, and quality. To get factory jobs, workers had to go back to school to learn these new skills. Eventually, the typical education level of factory workers was raised to be equal to a high school education of today.<\/p>\n
When the education level of lower-skilled agriculture workers was raised to better-skilled factory workers, it also raised the standard of living and improved the economy. Frederick Taylor, one of the pioneers of the Industrial Age wrote that people are motivated by money. Factory works on production assembly lines needed high productivity and quantity and to achieve that, the company should pay workers based on some the item they produced. Since workers are motivated to produce more, they got paid more and factory jobs are considered better than agriculture jobs. Over time, the standard of living of factory workers in an industrial society was raised to a higher level. When workers had more money, they spent more which drove the manufacturing to produce more, and this cycle pushed the economy to a prosperous level.<\/p>\n
Today the advent of computers and the Internet begin to raise the level of education of workers to another level. As factory jobs were eliminated or outsourced, workers had to go back to school to learn new skills such as computer skills, programming skills, and problem-solving skills. New technology always produces more complex jobs than the previous ones, so workers need to learn newer skills equal to a college education and continue to learn more to keep up with changes. An economist wrote: \u201cIn the 21st century, countries that have the best education will have an advantage over others because education is the fuel for technology innovation.\u201d<\/p>\n
Technological progress is the primary driver of economic growth in the 21st century because it increases productivity, efficiency and reduces costs. To meet this needs, the education system should focus more on Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM). As automation opens up new jobs, new industries, new opportunities for more people but during the transition, it also disrupts the current livelihoods of many people, mostly workers whose labor skills are no longer needed. The problem that many countries is facing today is how to replace the current skills of workers with the new skills so they can keep their job.\u00a0 Although robots can do more works faster and cheaper than human workers robots, have to be designed and build by new types of workers\u00a0 such as mechanical engineers, hardware engineers, and software engineers. When robots work in factories, companies have hired robotics technicians to monitor them, maintain them, and fix them when needed. Therefore, \u201cautomation\u201d is not about eliminated jobs but changing the type of jobs and advancing the skills of workers.<\/p>\n
Thirty years ago when globalization began, companies outsourced factory works to other countries because their cost was cheaper. With the advancement of technology, it is now much cheaper to use robots than people. Robots can work 24 hours and 7 days a week nonstop but never complain. According to an industry report, a typical robot is working for about 30 cents an hour, but a labor worker in India or China will cost at least $5 an hour, so factory automation with robots is a better choice for company owners. Unfortunately, without proper planning, without looking far ahead, and without understanding the impact of technology, many countries continue to invest in manufacturing with lower labor skills and still hope that manufacturing outsourcing will continue. Begin in 2010, when manufacturing companies started to use robots and stopped sending works oversea, millions of labor workers lost their jobs. Since then, the number of unemployed labor workers continues to increase and soon will reach a critical stage.<\/p>\n
Last month during a technology conference in Asia, a government official raised a question: \u201cIs it possible to design robots in one country then outsource the manufacturing of robots to another cheaper labor country to reduce cost? The speaker who are a professor in robotics, answered: \u201cIt is difficult to build robots in a country where workers do not have the proper education and the laws do not respect intellectual property.\u00a0 A robot is not a simple machine with components to be assembled, but sophisticated systems with thousands of complex parts that have to be integrated accordingly by people who understand how they work. It requires specific training, at least at a college education level.\u201d<\/p>\n
The impact of technology -driven automation is a major challenge for every country, every government, and its people. As technology begins to impact many companies, change many types of jobs, transform many skills of workers, it also eliminates many jobs, destroy many companies, and creates devastating effects on countries that are still depending on labor-intensive manufacturing works. Without changing the education system quickly, the country\u2019s economy will not survive, and the society could fall into chaos. The question is: \u201cCan the education system change fast enough to meet the needs of the 21st century?<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ng\u00e0y nay t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 robot \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp qu\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1edbi v\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5148","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5148","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5148"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5148\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5149,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5148\/revisions\/5149"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5148"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5148"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5148"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}