N\u0103m ngo\u00e1i khi d\u1ea1y \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p v\u00e0i sinh vi\u00ean mu\u1ed1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 cho t\u00f4i nh\u1eefng website \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, nh\u1eefng app di \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00fa v\u1ecb, v\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch kinh doanh v\u1edbi chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ra h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m t\u1edbi.\u00a0 \u0110i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n l\u00e0 ai \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd r\u1ed3i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean gi\u1ea7u. Sau khi ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m qua s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch kinh doanh, t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi: \u201cAi l\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n? B\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng?\u201d H\u1ecd ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng mong \u0111\u1ee3i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecfi: \u201cT\u1ea1i sao th\u1ea7y h\u1ecfi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng; ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng ti. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i.\u201d Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c n\u00f3i th\u00eam: \u201cV\u00ec th\u1ea7y \u0111ang d\u1ea1y m\u00f4n kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p, th\u1ea7y ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft v\u00e0i nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb th\u1ea7y gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u h\u1ecd cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i.\u201d M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc “\u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p\u201d cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch kinh doanh. \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ra h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m t\u1edbi v\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m l\u00e0m cho \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra.\u201d<\/p>\n
T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 h\u00e0o h\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ra ti\u1ec1n. T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o “c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p” \u0111i\u1ec1u cho h\u1ecd hi v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 h\u1ecd tin r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i cho h\u1ecd r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 \u201cBill Gates\u201d hay \u201cSteve Jobs\u201d ti\u1ebfp. H\u1ecd tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho ai \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n cho h\u1ecd “gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1”, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00f3 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.\u00a0 N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd d\u00e0nh ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 mua v\u00e9 s\u1ed1, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0m n\u1ea3n l\u00f2ng h\u1ecd. T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng “c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u” n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 Bill Gates v\u00e0 Steve Jobs \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1ec9 ph\u00fa. H\u1ecd tin r\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra websites hay app di \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0a ti\u1ec1n cho h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c. Kh\u00f4ng ai n\u00f3i cho h\u1ecd ch\u00e2n l\u00ed l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 h\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n
B\u1ea1n t\u00f4i, Satyam K. m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng anh \u1ea5y nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch kinh doanh m\u1ecdi th\u00e1ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Anh \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y m\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p m\u1ed7i n\u0103m v\u00ec ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch kinh doanh \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng. Anh \u1ea5y n\u00f3i: \u201cC\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 l\u00e0 d\u00e2n kinh doanh, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o n\u00f3 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ef1c v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 thu nh\u1eadp t\u1ed1t. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1eb1ng nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch kinh doanh \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c ai \u0111\u00f3 cho h\u1ecd ti\u1ec1n n\u00ean h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng ti l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n sai. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u00e0o s\u1ebd n\u00e9m ti\u1ec1n \u0111i gi\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.\u201d<\/p>\n
T\u00f4i bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng b\u1ea3o sinh vi\u00ean: \u201cKh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110i\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 x\u1eed l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ai s\u1ebd cho b\u1ea1n c\u00e1i g\u00ec ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i. Vi\u1ec7c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb s\u00e1ch v\u1edf. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng cho c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n r\u1ed3i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc n\u1eefa cho t\u1edbi khi b\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p gi\u1ecfi bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecd th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.\u00a0 Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m b\u1edfi vi\u1ec7c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. H\u1ecd tin r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd mua v\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd gi\u1ea7u. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u201cc\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p\u201d d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: \u201cN\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd mua n\u00f3.\u201d Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00edch d\u1eabn Steve Jobs hay Mark Zuckerberg l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd h\u1ecfi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u00e0 v\u1eabn th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. N\u0103m ngo\u00e1i, m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, n\u00ean t\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cL\u00e0m sao b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng Steve Jobs kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd h\u1ecfi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng? C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00f4ng \u1ea5y may m\u1eafn nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o may m\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng ti kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n may m\u1eafn t\u1ea1i sao b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng mua v\u00e9 s\u1ed1? \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ec5 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng ti.\u201d<\/p>\n
T\u00f4i d\u1ea1y cho sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i: \u201cC\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ra ti\u1ec1n l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n giao s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho n\u00f3.\u201d Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea1nh tranh cao, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u1edbi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi m\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u cao v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 h\u1eddi cho n\u00f3.\u201d Trong l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng m\u1ed7i tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng s\u1ebd mua s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.\u00a0 Nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n g\u00ec, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00e1i g\u00ec. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecfi h\u1ecd, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 “th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng” th\u1ef1c cho s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecd th\u1eadm ch\u00ed x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec. \u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 \u1edf b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t l\u1eb7p c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, b\u1ea1n h\u1ecfi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u00ec b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m s\u01a1 b\u1ed9, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed n\u00f3, nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u00fang tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u00e1n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
T\u00f4i d\u1ea1y sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed7i l\u00fac b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng cho ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i r\u1ed3i c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. L\u00fac ban \u0111\u1ea7u, h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1edbi thu nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u1ec1 chi ti\u00eau v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. Cho d\u00f9 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt; h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch b\u00e1n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111ang cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. L\u00e0 nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p, sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1n, ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb, v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc. Cho d\u00f9 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n, h\u1ecd v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y cho t\u1edbi khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n cho t\u1edbi khi h\u1ecd sinh l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u1ec9 khi h\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7y sinh l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 t\u1edbi v\u00e0 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh h\u01a1n, t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. Ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi ti\u1ec1n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfn, h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n k\u0129 n\u0103ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ti\u1ebfp qu\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng ti. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u1ec9.<\/p>\n
T\u00f4i bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng d\u1ea1y sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd t\u1edbi. C\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian l\u00e2u h\u01a1n h\u1ecd ngh\u0129. Bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng hay v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ebd th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb sai l\u1ea7m, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4n h\u01a1n v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m l\u1edbn h\u01a1n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. T\u00f4i b\u1ea3o h\u1ecd: \u201cC\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 kh\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng t\u1eebng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t, ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o c\u00e1c em c\u00f2n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb n\u00f3, c\u00e1c em s\u1ebd l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c em. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c em b\u1ecf cu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf, th\u00ec c\u00e1c em s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c em quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00e1c em ph\u1ea3i s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb sai l\u1ea7m v\u00ec c\u00e1c em s\u1ebd ph\u1ea1m nhi\u1ec1u sai l\u1ea7m cho t\u1edbi khi c\u00e1c em th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd t\u1eeb b\u1ecf; nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00ec h\u1ecd ngh\u0129 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u1ec5. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng trong m\u01a1, nh\u01b0ng nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ea1i cho t\u1edbi khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
—English version—<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
How I teach Startup part 2<\/p>\n
Last year when teaching in Asia, I met several students who wanted to start their company. They showed me their beautiful websites, interesting mobile apps, and business plans with detailed on how they can make millions of dollars in the next few years.\u00a0 What they need was someone to invest money in their company then everyone will get rich. After reviewed their products and business plans, I asked: \u201cWho are your customers? How many customers do you think you will have?\u201d They were surprised because they did not expect that question. One person asked: \u201cWhy do you ask us about customers; we have not started the company yet. We only want your opinion about our products. \u201d Another added: \u201cSince you are teaching entrepreneurship, you should know some investors and we want to ask you to introduce us to them.\u201d One person stated: \u201cWe had taken \u201cstartup training\u201d so we know how to build products and develop business plans. What we need is investors to give us money so we can start our company. We believed that we could make millions of dollars in the next few years because of we are determined to make it happens.\u201d<\/p>\n
I could feel their excitement about creating startups and making money. I knew that they had taken \u201cstartup\u201d training that gave them hopes and they believe that they can make their dream come true. However, I wanted to tell them that they are living in an illusion of being the next \u201cBill Gates\u201d or \u201cSteve Jobs.\u201d They paid someone who sells them a \u201cdream, \u201d but they had no idea on how difficult to start a technology company.\u00a0 If they spend the money to buy a lottery ticket, they may have a better chance to make a million dollars. However, I did not want to say anything that discouraged them. I knew these students had read some \u201cfabricated stories\u201d about how Bill Gates and Steve Jobs became billionaires. They believe that with technical skills to create websites or mobile apps they can get investors to give them money so they can make their dream come true. No one tells them the truth that startup requires much more than just technical skills.<\/p>\n
My friend, Satyam K. a startup investor told me that he received hundreds of business plans every month from entrepreneurs all over the world. He only invested in less than ten startups per year because most ideas and business plans were useless. He said: \u201cInvestors are business people, they do not invest in anything unless it has a real product with customers and good revenue. The notion that entrepreneurs have a good idea develop a business plan to convince someone to give them money so they can build a company is completely false. No investor would throw money away like that.\u201d<\/p>\n
I always teach students: \u201cWithout customers, there is no startup. The dilemma is you may have a good idea but need money to develop it into a product,\u00a0 but no one will give you anything until you have a product with customers and already make some money. That is the reality. Starting a technology company is not something simple that you can learn from a book. There is no successful formula for a startup, but you must practice and learn from your mistakes then practice and learn again until you succeed. A good entrepreneur always analyzes the market to identify problems that they can solve before they even develop the product.\u00a0 Many entrepreneurs make a mistake by begin with the product, without knowing the needs of the customers. They believe that if they can build something, people will buy and they will get rich. I have seen \u201cstartup\u201d training that taught: \u201cIf you can make it, people will buy it.\u201d These people often cited Steve Jobs or Mark Zuckerberg who never asked customers about their needs but still succeed. Last year, a student asked me about it, so I explained: \u201cHow do you know that Steve Jobs never ask customers? Maybe he was lucky but can you count just on luck to start a company? If you think that you are lucky why don\u2019t you buy a lottery ticket? It is easier than starting a company.\u201d<\/p>\n
I teach my students: \u201cThe only way to make money is to deliver a product that the customers are willing to pay for it.\u201d However, in a highly competitive market, there are many products already in the market. It takes efforts to come up with a new product that is in high demand and customers will pay a good price for it.\u201d In my class, students must interview at least ten potential customers per week to understand the market needs. If they can sell customers on their idea, maybe they may buy the product.\u00a0 Many customers may not know what they want, but they always know what they do not need. By having students asking them, I want to make sure that there is a \u201creal market\u201d for my students\u2019 products before they even build anything. The characteristic of a startup is its iterative nature. You have an idea, you ask customers, if you know their needs then you make a preliminary product, test it, identify problems and fix them before selling the product.<\/p>\n
I teach my student to start one step at a time by building a simple product, ask customers for feedback then improve the basic functionalities but do not start with the completed product yet. In the beginning, they need to pay attention to revenue and be careful about spending as they have limited amount of money. Even most of my students are technical; they must learn about business and how to sell their product. They must be able to persuade people to buy their product by convincing them that they are offering something of value for them. As an entrepreneur, my students must always focus on selling, marketing, and learning. Even the product is sold, they still need to improve the product to meet the needs of more customers. They keep doing it until they reach a large number of customers so they can grow the company bigger \u00a0and more stable. Besides the technical skills, they need to manage their operation and make sure that they have enough money to survive until they are profitable. Only when they begin to be profitable, they will attract investors to come in and help them to grow faster, better and bigger. Even with money from investors to grow, they need business skills to deal with these investors and not allow them to take over the company. That is why the startup is not a simple thing as many people think.<\/p>\n
I always teach my students to prepare for the unexpected. A startup often takes longer than they think. There will always be some unhappy customers or some financial problems. In a startup business, most entrepreneurs will fail many times before they achieve their goals. By learning from each failure, they will get wiser and avoid bigger mistakes in the future. I told them: \u201cStartup is difficult, but each failure is a good lesson, as long as you learn from it, you will get closer to your goals. If you give up and quit, then you will never be a real entrepreneur. If you are determined to be an entrepreneur, you must be willing to learn from mistakes because you will make many mistakes until you succeed. In a startup business, most people will give up; many people fail because they think it is easy. Many fail because they live in a dream, but a real entrepreneur always learns and willing to start again and again until they reach their goals.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
N\u0103m ngo\u00e1i khi d\u1ea1y \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p v\u00e0i sinh vi\u00ean mu\u1ed1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 cho t\u00f4i nh\u1eefng … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5127","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nha-doanh-nghiep"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5127","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5127"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5127\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5128,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5127\/revisions\/5128"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5127"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5127"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5127"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}