M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201c\u0110\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 (Ph.D) trong Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u1edf M\u0129 c\u1ea7n m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian bao l\u00e2u.? Em v\u1eeba m\u1edbi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p b\u1eb1ng c\u1eed nh\u00e2n trong Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u1edf M\u0129. B\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 em mu\u1ed1n em c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng cao nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0ng em c\u1ea7n l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y.\u201d<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u0110\u00e1p: V\u1ec1 trung b\u00ecnh, ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t h\u01a1n t\u00e1m n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 (Ph.D.) sau khi em c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1eed nh\u00e2n. Ki\u1ebfm b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c nh\u01b0ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean email c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0: \u201cEm mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 hay \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 em? Em c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch l\u00e0m g\u00ec v\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng n\u00e0y? \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a em v\u00e0 em ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. H\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p cao nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn n\u00e0o s\u1ebd ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec1u em c\u1ea7n c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc:<\/p>\n
Theo c\u1ea3nh quan kinh t\u1ebf, b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh t\u1ed1t. N\u00f3 c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n, nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c h\u01a1n, nhi\u1ec1u r\u1ee7i ro h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c h\u01a1n r\u1ed3i k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ra \u00edt ti\u1ec1n h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng c\u1eed nh\u00e2n. Ng\u00e0y nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p b\u1eb1ng c\u1eed nh\u00e2n trong khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c $80,000 t\u1edbi $90,000 USD m\u1ed9t n\u0103m (d\u1eef li\u1ec7u 2015). Sau t\u00e1m n\u0103m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e3ng $165,000 t\u1edbi $210,000 tu\u1ef3 theo k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c tri th\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean gia. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e3ng $130,000 t\u1edbi $145,000 USD, n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Trong t\u00e1m n\u0103m h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec1n cho n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e3ng $800,000 USD. (chi ph\u00ed theo c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i).<\/p>\n
T\u1eeb c\u1ea3nh quan h\u00e0n l\u00e2m, c\u00f3 r\u1ee7i ro cao trong theo \u0111u\u1ed5i b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p cao h\u01a1n. Theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cao h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a M\u0129, ch\u1ec9 qu\u00e3ng 57 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m sinh vi\u00ean l\u00e0m lu\u1eadn \u00e1n ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecf n\u1eeda ch\u1eebng. Ngay c\u1ea3 sau khi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfn s\u0129, \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 chuy\u00ean gia, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u sau ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng danh ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean gia c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea5t 2 t\u1edbi 4 n\u0103m n\u1eefa cho nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u sau ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 cho n\u00ean s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t qu\u00e3ng 10 n\u0103m hay h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp danh ti\u1ebfng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u00e0n l\u00e2m.<\/p>\n
T\u1eeb c\u1ea3nh quan ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p cao h\u01a1n s\u1ebd gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u01b0a th\u00edch thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng c\u1eed nh\u00e2n v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ki\u1ec3u vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0o. V\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng Ph.D, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i c\u00f4ng ti s\u1ebd thu\u00ea c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p cao. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti coi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p cao nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u1eeb phi h\u1ecd ki\u1ebfm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\n
Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc Ph.D. \u0111\u1ec1u mu\u1ed1n d\u1ea1y \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. Nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 v\u1eabn d\u1ea1y m\u00e3i t\u1edbi khi h\u1ecd tr\u00ean 70 v\u00e0 \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u1ec9 h\u01b0u cho n\u00ean c\u00f3 \u00edt vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf ra \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. Theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cao h\u01a1n \u1edf M\u0129, M\u0129 t\u1ea1o ra h\u01a1n 100,000 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 gi\u1eefa 2010 v\u00e0 2015 nh\u01b0ng trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 16,000 ch\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra.<\/p>\n
Ng\u00e0y nay m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00e0n l\u00e2m v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean c\u01a1 h\u1eefu l\u00e0 l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc M\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf “vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi\u201d c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean c\u01a1 h\u1eefu. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng c\u01a1 h\u1eefu b\u00e2y gi\u1edd chi\u1ebfm 72 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m khoa \u1edf M\u0129, theo Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc M\u0129. V\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 \u0111ang t\u00ecm v\u1ecb tr\u00ed gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y, nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 cung c\u1ea5p vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m b\u00e1n th\u1eddi. Hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi h\u01a1n 56 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed khoa l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m b\u00e1n th\u1eddi gian v\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u1ec1 h\u01b0u, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u00edch l\u1ee3i kh\u00e1c. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 b\u00e1n th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m ra \u00edt h\u01a1n $70,000 USD.<\/p>\n
T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p cao nh\u1ea5t s\u1ebd tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n cho \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh em v\u00e0 em \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 chuy\u00ean gia trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a em. M\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Ph.D s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho vi\u1ec7c tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a em. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft gi\u00fap cho em c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m hay ki\u1ebfm s\u1ed1ng khi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 em \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb t\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh ngay c\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi em ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a em.<\/p>\n
T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m ng\u00e3 l\u00f2ng em hay b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o mu\u1ed1n theo \u0111u\u1ed5i gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c cao nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n tr\u00ecnh ra nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u00e0n l\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 cho em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00f4ng tin.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
—English version—<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
The doctorate degree<\/p>\n
A student wrote to me: \u201cHow long will it take to get a doctorate degree (Ph.D.) in Computer Science in the U.S.? I just graduate with a Bachelor\u2019s degree in Computer Science and planning to continue my study in the U.S. My parents want me to get the highest degree possible but I need your advice.\u201d<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Answer: On the average, it takes about eight more years to complete a doctorate (Ph.D.) degree after you get a Bachelor degree. Earning a doctorate requires a lot of works and efforts but based on your email, my question is: \u201cDo you want to get a Ph.D degree or it is your parents\u2019 wish? What do you plan to do with this degree? This is your future and you should be the one to make the decision. Study for the highest degree is a personal choice and there are many different views and no one would agree with others. But there are few things you need to consider:<\/p>\n
From the economic\u2019 s perspective, a Ph.D is not a good financial investment. It takes more time, more efforts, more risks, and more challenges then end up making much less than the bachelor\u2019s degree. Today a graduate with a Bachelor\u2019s degree in computer science can make $80,000 to $90,000 USD a year (2015 data). After eight years, an experienced software professional could make about $165,000 to $210,000 depending on the skills and area of expertise. But a Ph.D graduate can only make about $130,000 to $145,000 USD, if he can find a job. During the eight years of study, he does not earn any money so he loses the potential of earning about $800,000 USD. (opportunity cost).<\/p>\n
From an academic\u2019s perspective, there is a high risk in pursuing a higher degree. According to the U.S. higher education report, only about 57 percent of doctoral students get their PhD because many drop out and quit half-way. Even after getting a doctorate degree, few would be considered as experts, many would continue for a post-doctorate research to build their reputation and expertise. It usually takes 2 to 4 more years for a post-doctorate in research so it would take about 10 years or more to establish a reputation in the academic world.<\/p>\n
From a career\u2019s perspective, the higher degree will limit the job opportunity. Most companies prefer to hire graduates with Bachelor\u2019s degree because they can easily be trained to do any type of work. With a Ph.D degree, you will have difficulty finding a job in the industry because only a few companies would hire workers with a higher degree. Most companies consider people with the highest degree as overqualified and under experienced to work unless they are getting a job in a research laboratory.<\/p>\n
Most people who study for Ph.D. would like to teach at university level. But currently teaching jobs are much more difficult because many professors would teach until they are over 70s and few would retire so there are fewer opening at the University. According to the U.S. Higher Education report,\u00a0 the U.S. produced more than 100,000 doctoral degrees between 2010 and 2015 but during that time, there were only 16,000 new professorships were created.<\/p>\n
Today the academic model of tenure is obsolete. Most U.S. universities already abandon the \u201cguarantee job for life\u201d of tenured faculty. Non-tenure-track jobs now account for 72 percent of all faculty appointments in the U.S., according to the American Association of University Professors. Because there are more doctorate workers looking for teaching position, many universities only offer part-time jobs. Currently more than 56 percent of faculty positions are part-timers because the school does not have to pay for their health insurance, retirement plans, and other benefits. Most part time professors make less than $70,000 USD.<\/p>\n
Of course, having the highest degree will satisfy your family\u2019s wishes and you are respected as the expert in your field. A Ph.D will fulfill your intellectual satisfaction. But the degree may not necessarily help you get a job or make a living when your friends are already established their career and well position financially even before you complete your studying.<\/p>\n
I do not want to discourage you or anyone who would like to pursue their dream of advance their study to the highest level but I only want to present the facts of what is happening in the academic world so you can make an informed decision.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201c\u0110\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 (Ph.D) trong Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u1edf M\u0129 c\u1ea7n m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian bao l\u00e2u.? … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5116","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5116","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5116"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5116\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5117,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5116\/revisions\/5117"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5116"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5116"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5116"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}