T\u00f4i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t email m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi vi\u1ebft: \u201cN\u1ebfu Robots v\u00e0 Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o \u0111ang l\u1ea5y \u0111i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0o s\u1ebd b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t \u0111i? \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 \u00edt vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m h\u01a1n trong \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc? T\u00f4i lo ngh\u0129 cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a con t\u00f4i. Xin th\u1ea7y l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean.”<\/p>\n
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\u0110\u00e1p: T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u1ebfn 2025, \u0111a s\u1ed1 (75%) c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng M\u0129 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. Khi t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra nhanh, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i v\u1ec1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o s\u1ebd b\u1ecb k\u1ebft th\u00fac, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0y v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kinh t\u1ebf t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7. T\u00f4i tin ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o c\u0169ng s\u1ebd t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u xe t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 xe h\u01a1i t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Pittsburgh, v\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng bao l\u00e2u ch\u00fang s\u1ebd s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea9y ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i xe t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 taxi v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. T\u00f4i c\u0169ng ngh\u0129 c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng (nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfp t\u00e2n, th\u01b0 k\u00ed, thu ng\u00e2n, b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb)\u00a0r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf b\u1edfi robots v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 nh\u01b0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng b\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf b\u1edfi ATM. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn tin r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra cho h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n
N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 19 v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i sang th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 20, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p sang vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, cho n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00f4ng tin x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ed9 nhanh h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u v\u00ec c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee9 sau hai n\u0103m (Lu\u1eadt Moore). C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 nhanh h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi KH\u00d4NG c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi hay t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1edbi.\u00a0 Khi t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng nhanh ch\u00f3ng, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd b\u1ecb b\u1ecf l\u1ea1i sau m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd b\u1ecb l\u00e2m nguy.<\/p>\n
V\u00ec c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9, th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m tri th\u1ee9c h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111ang s\u00fat gi\u1ea3m. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, xe t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 taxi t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i xe nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n thao t\u00e1c vi\u00ean ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1eeb xa \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed tr\u00ed c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p giao th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. B\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, n\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cao h\u01a1n trong khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1ea1o ra h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed chi\u1ebfn tranh.\u00a0Nh\u01b0ng, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn lui l\u1ea1i trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t. V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 19, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u r\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y s\u1ebd ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n t\u1ea7u h\u01a1i m\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n d\u1ec7t s\u1ee3 r\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y kh\u00e2u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ebfm s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1t b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00f4ng ti d\u1ec7t hay t\u1ea7u h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o d\u00f9ng m\u00e1y. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1ed1n sang M\u0129 v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n
C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00ed d\u1ee5 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf M\u0129, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. Trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3, M\u0129 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u01b0a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u01a1i n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u00ednh, nh\u01b0ng khi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti ch\u00e2u \u00c2u chuy\u1ec3n t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi m\u00e1y m\u00f3c thay v\u00ec ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i m\u00e1y. C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u00eam gi\u1edd; d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n l\u1eafp r\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef c\u00e1c c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t t\u0103ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5. Theo t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, trong th\u1eddi k\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 20, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra \u1edf M\u0129 r\u1ebb h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n 50 l\u1ea7n khi so v\u1edbi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Khi xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m sang ch\u00e2u \u00c2u t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p b\u1ed1n, vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea9y nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00e2u \u00c2u ra kh\u1ecfi kinh doanh v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p cao \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn 1.<\/p>\n
V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970 sau khi \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng sang nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.\u00a0Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1nh m\u00e1y, th\u01b0 k\u00ed, v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ph\u00f2ng th\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t \u0111i, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean m\u1ea1ng v.v. Khi nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0, ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129, ho\u1ea1 s\u0129 d\u00f9ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra nhu c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n web, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f3 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3. Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u00ean trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng v\u1ed1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u00edt gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c.\u00a0N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m thay v\u00ec th\u1ea3i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. T\u00f4i tin ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 H\u1ecdc m\u00e1y s\u1ebd ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1edbi n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cao h\u01a1n. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m Big data c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u b\u1ea3n ghi v\u00e0 t\u1ec7p, \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 th\u01b0 k\u00ed v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n
T\u00f4i tin n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o s\u1ed1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t do t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o s\u1ed1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng. Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c; ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf b\u1edfi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tri th\u1ee9c.\u00a0C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u00e0: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ee7 nhanh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho nhu c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng? Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee7 xa \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai kh\u00f4ng? Thanh ni\u00ean c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f3i quen h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1eeb ghi nh\u1edb s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n sang l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
—English version—<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Labor jobs and knowledge jobs<\/p>\n
I received an email where the sender wrote: \u201cIf Robots and Artificial Intelligence are taking over human jobs, which jobs will be gone? What happens if there are fewer jobs in the country? I am worried for my children\u2019s future. Please advise.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Answer: I think most of the manufacturing jobs will be automated, it already happens in many countries including China and India. According to the industry report, by 2025, a majority (75%) of U.S. factory will be fully automated. As automation is happening fast, most manufacturing outsourced works will be terminated, and it will put countries who are depending on these jobs in a bad economic situation. I believe advancement in Artificial Intelligence will also impact transportation and logistics works, I have seen many self-driving trucks and cars in the street of Pittsburgh, and soon they will be available for sale which will put Truck and Taxi drivers in a difficult situation. I also think office support jobs (i.e., receptionist, secretary, cashiers, sales, and marketing)\u00a0 will likely be replaced by robots and automation just like bank tellers were replaced by ATM. The problem is even with these facts; many people still believe that their job is safe and nothing\u00a0will\u00a0happen to them.<\/p>\n
If we look back\u00a0to\u00a0the industry revolution\u00a0that\u00a0happened in the early 19th century and extended in the 20th century, people had time to adjust from agriculture jobs to the industry jobs, so the transition was relatively smooth. However, the information revolution happens at much rapid pace as technology changes every two years (Moore\u2019 Law). Advanced technology allows companies to automate faster, but most people do NOT have enough time to learn new skills or finding a new job.\u00a0 As automation is rapidly expanding, many people will be left behind with no job, no chance to catch up and many countries will be at risk.<\/p>\n
As technology impacts everything, the challenge of today is how to change the education system quickly to focus on science and technology to create more knowledge jobs to replace the decreasing labor jobs. For example, self-driving trucks and taxi do not need drivers but still need remote control operators to deal with traffic emergencies and computer programmers to manage the operation, but these workers need technology skills. Regardless how advanced technology becomes, it still needs people to create, design, implement and manage the automation systems, but most of the jobs require higher education in science and technology.<\/p>\n
Some economists have warned that automation will cause massive unemployment all over the world with unstable economies, create chaotic in society, or even war.\u00a0But, if we look back into history, we can learn a good lesson. In the 19th century, there were predictions in Europe that machines will destroy human jobs. Steamship and textile workers were afraid that sewing machines and steam engines could destroy their livelihoods. They demonstrated and burned any textile companies or steamships that used machines. Most companies owners escaped to America and started their companies there and contributed to the development of the new industrial society and eventually make this country a powerful nation.<\/p>\n
There are many historical examples of the industry revolution in the U.S., but all started with education. During that time, the U.S. was still an underdeveloped country where agriculture was the main industry, but as more European companies moved here to set up their automation factories, they need skilled workers. To do that companies owners were willing to invest in education, and many universities were created to meet this demand. Most graduates were trained on how to work with machines instead of against them. Workers learned to operate machines to increase productivity and overtime; assembly lines were created to keep factory operated smoothly. This caused productivity to grow explosively. According to historical documents, during the\u00a0early 20th century, the amount of products created in America were 50 times cheaper and better than Europe. As product exports to Europe quadrupled which put a lot of European factories out of business and created high unemployment in many countries. Several political events happened afterward have led to world war 1.<\/p>\n
In the 1970s after the introduction of personal computers, automation began to expand to many office works which increased productivity and efficiency.\u00a0Many office works such as typists, clerks, mailroom operators were gone, but computer technology created new jobs such as computer programmers, software developers, and network specialist, etc. As more architects, artists, painters were using the computer for their works, they created new demand for graphic designers, web developers, and computer assist designers. The effect was that more computer jobs\u00a0werecreated within a society, but it required higher education to replace the labor jobs that requires less education.\u00a0In other word,\u00a0Science and technology reallocate job rather than displace jobs by requiring workers to have higher education and better skills. I believe the advancement of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning will destroy many jobs but also create new jobs, but these new jobs require a higher degree of education. For example, Big data software can collect and analyze millions of record and files which will reduce the number of clerks and analysts but need data scientists to write complex algorithms.<\/p>\n
I believe if we look at the number of job loss due to automation, we will be afraid.\u00a0But\u00a0we need to look at the number of new jobs\u00a0create\u00a0to keep a balancing view. Science and technology will change the nature of work; most labor works will be replaced by knowledge works.\u00a0The questions are: Can education system changes fast enough to develop knowledge workers to meet the\u00a0new\u00a0demand? Can country leaders see far enough to lead the country toward the future? Are young people willing to change their\u00a0studyhabit\u00a0from memorize facts to pass exams\u00a0to be\u00a0active and\u00a0lifelong learners so they can contribute to their society?<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u00f4i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t email m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi vi\u1ebft: \u201cN\u1ebfu Robots v\u00e0 Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o \u0111ang l\u1ea5y \u0111i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, vi\u1ec7c … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5100","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5100","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5100"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5100\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5101,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5100\/revisions\/5101"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5100"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5100"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5100"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}