V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi d\u1ea1y K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 “H\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng” v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc sinh \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p “H\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng”, m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean n\u00f3i to trong l\u1edbp: \u201cTh\u01b0a gi\u00e1o s\u01b0, t\u1ea1i sao th\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang em c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3.\u201d \u1ede ch\u00e2u \u00c1, vi\u1ec7c ng\u1eaft l\u1eddi gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 trong l\u1edbp l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean c\u1ea3 l\u1edbp y\u00ean t\u0129nh khi sinh vi\u00ean ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. T\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m v\u00ec nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng nghe b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng trong l\u1edbp nh\u01b0ng khi gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng m\u00e0 h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u00ec h\u1ecd b\u1ecb hoang mang. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eefa “d\u1ea1y” v\u00e0 “\u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng.”<\/p>\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi t\u00f4i, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng. T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi: \u201cC\u00e1c em c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n nghe \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m r\u1ed3i c\u00e1c em s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 theo c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c em, hay c\u00e1c em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1edbi l\u1edbp v\u00e0 d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian tr\u00ean l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00e1c em kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u. C\u00e1c em \u01b0a th\u00edch c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o h\u01a1n?” Sinh vi\u00ean n\u00e0y ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u00ec t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eadn b\u1edfi vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1 ngang c\u1ee7a c\u1eadu ta m\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: “Em th\u00edch h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c nghe b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng.” T\u00f4i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c: \u201cV\u1eady th\u00ec em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho th\u1ea7y c\u00e1ch em h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng?\u201d\u00a0 Sinh vi\u00ean n\u00e0y do d\u1ef1 m\u1ed9t l\u00fac: \u201cEm \u0111o\u00e1n \u2026. Em h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng l\u1eafng nghe \u2026 theo b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng.\u201d<\/p>\n
Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean tin r\u1eb1ng “nghe b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng” l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a kh\u00e1c. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 nghe b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc t\u1edbi trung h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed7 nhi\u1ec1u k\u00ec thi \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc cho n\u00ean n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 “c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc duy nh\u1ea5t” \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng tin “\u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng” l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t” \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y.<\/p>\n
T\u00f4i n\u00eau ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi kh\u00e1c: \u201cV\u1eady c\u00e1c em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho th\u1ea7y l\u00e0m sao c\u00e1c em h\u1ecdc l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh trong Java? C\u00e1c em c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng nghe b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng?” V\u00ec t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3 l\u1edbp tham gia v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi: \u201cCh\u00fang ta h\u00e3y th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y \u201cSinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c nghe b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng?\u201d C\u1ea3 l\u1edbp b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 sau v\u00e0i ph\u00fat c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean l\u00e0: \u201cCh\u00fang em h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, b\u1eb1ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ebft m\u00e3.\u201d Kh\u00f4ng sinh vi\u00ean n\u00e0o n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh Java ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c nghe b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 n\u1ed5i c\u00e1u: \u201cN\u1ebfu ch\u00fang em kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c nghe b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng th\u1ebf th\u00ec t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang em c\u1ea7n th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o?\u201d T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi th\u1eb3ng cho anh ta nh\u01b0ng n\u00eau ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi kh\u00e1c: \u201cV\u1eady t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c em \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y? T\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c em \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng?\u201d\u00a0 C\u1ea3 l\u1edbp \u0111i v\u00e0o th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u hi\u1ec3u \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho b\u1ea1n h\u1ecd: \u201cB\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang t\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ed3i! Ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc.\u201d Nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i v\u1edbi \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd n\u00eau ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi kh\u00e1c: \u201cV\u1eady th\u00ec t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nghe b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng?\u201d<\/p>\n
T\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u201cH\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d, sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1edbi l\u1edbp. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 hay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd t\u1edbi l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi t\u1eeb c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0. D\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m r\u1eb1ng sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u sai c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd l\u00e0m s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Khi sinh vi\u00ean hi\u1ec3u kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecfi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 “T\u1ea1i sao” v\u00e0 “Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c h\u1ecd ngh\u0129 xa h\u01a1n v\u00e0 s\u00e2u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n
Trong \u201cH\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00ec tri th\u1ee9c h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i t\u1edbi t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong, t\u1eeb kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Khi h\u1ecd ngh\u0129, khi h\u1ecd t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, khi h\u1ecd c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n b\u1ed9. Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00fap cho h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u1ecd trong “cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp.\u201d<\/p>\n
Sinh vi\u00ean t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1, b\u1eb1ng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m, b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao ng\u00e0y nay sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f3i quen h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafng nghe th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng sang kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng. Khi h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 tin h\u01a1n v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i KH\u00d4NG BAO GI\u1edc d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i. Trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng n\u00e0y, ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n
L\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i khi sinh vi\u00ean l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ra, h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 \u0111ang \u0111i t\u00ecm th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho ch\u00fang ta h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn h\u1ecd v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho h\u1ecd ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y m\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00f3i quen h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
—English version—<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
A Conversation about Active Learning<\/p>\n
A few years ago when teaching Software Engineering in Asia, I had a discussion about \u201cActive Learning\u201d with students there. On the second days of teaching using the \u201cActive Learning\u201d method, one student suddenly said out loud in class: \u201cProfessor, why don\u2019t you teach something.\u201d In Asia, disrupting the professor in class was a serious issue. Suddenly the class was quiet as students were waiting for my reaction. I understood the concern because these students were used to the traditional of listening to a lecture in class but when a professor did not lecture but asking many questions they were confused. They do not distinguish between “teaching” and “lecturing.”<\/p>\n
However, to me, this is a chance to have a conversation about active learning. I asked: \u201cDo you want to listen to a lecture about software engineering then you will have to learn everything on your own, or you can learn by reading the materials before coming to class and spend the class time to discuss things that you do not understand. Which way would you prefer? The student was surprised because I was not upset by his disruption but answered: “I like to learn by listening to a lecture.” I continued: \u201cThen can you explain to me how do you learn?\u201d\u00a0 The student hesitated for a moment: \u201cI guess \u2026. I learn by listening \u2026 to a lecture.\u201d<\/p>\n
Most students believe that \u201clisten to a lecture\u201d is the way to learn because they do not know of other choices. They have listened to lectures from elementary school to high school and passed many exams to go to college so it must be the \u201conly way\u201d to learn. Of course, many high school teachers and university professors also believe \u201clecturing\u201d is the \u201conly way\u201d to teach.<\/p>\n
I raised another question: \u201cThen can you explain to me how do you learn to program in Java? Do you just learn by listening to a lecture? Since I wanted the class to participate in this conversation, I asked: \u201cLet us discuss this question \u201cCan students learn to program by listening to a lecture?\u201d The whole class began to discuss and after a few minutes the obvious answer was: \u201cWe learn by the implement, by practice, by write codes.\u201d No students said that they can learn Java programming just by listen to a lecture. But one student seemed upset: \u201cIf we do not learn by listening to a lecture then why do we need teacher?.\u201d I did not answer him directly but raised another question: \u201cThen why are you here? Why do you go to school?\u201d\u00a0 The class got into another discussion, but by this time, some students began to understand what I was trying to do. Some explained to their friends: \u201cNow we understand it! We are responsible for our learning, we can learn by ourselves.\u201d But there were students who did not feel comfortable with that idea. One of them raised another question: \u201cThen why do we need professors if we can learn by ourselves without listening to a lecture?\u201d<\/p>\n
I began to explain that in \u201cActive learning\u201d method, students should learn the basic concept by themselves before coming to class. By reading the assigned materials, they may learn something or may not understand something, and they go to class to ask questions and get the answers from the professors. It is easy to misunderstand that students can learn by themselves without the professor but they need the professor to correct their misunderstanding and help them to deepen their level of learning. When students understand the concept, I begin to ask the question of \u201cWhy\u201d and \u201cHow\u201d to challenge them to think further and deeper.<\/p>\n
In \u201cActive learning\u201d students learn by asking a question to discover the concept at a deeper level because the knowledge they learn should come from inside, from their discovery, from their understanding. When they think, when they organize, when they structure the concept, they will learn and understand it totally. The professor is the guide who helps them to learn and support them in the \u201clearning journey.\u201d<\/p>\n
Student goes to college to learn by discovering, by experimenting, by developing and preparing for their career and personal growth. By actively learning, they develop their characters of wanting to learn more and discover more and eventually develop a lifelong learning. That is why today students need to change their learning habit from being passively listening to actively discovering. When they can learn by themselves, they will develop more confidence in their ability to learn because learning should NEVER stop. In this fast changing time, their career, their life, their success are all depending on their ability to learn and adjust to the changing condition.<\/p>\n
As professors, some of us may feel uncomfortable when students voice their opinion about the way that we teach. But in fact, they are only seeking information to clarify something that they do not understand. It is a chance for us to guide them and explain to them the new teaching method and the new learning approach that can help them to develop a lifelong learning habit.<\/p>\n
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V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi d\u1ea1y K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 “H\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng” v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc sinh \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29,18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5092","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5092","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5092"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5092\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5093,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5092\/revisions\/5093"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5092"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5092"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5092"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}