Theo nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u, trong th\u1eadp k\u1ec9 t\u1edbi, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u00eam qu\u00e3ng 1.5 tri\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y v\u00e0o ch\u00fang. Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u00f2n nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111ang t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00ec ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng gi\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1ebd ra \u0111i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o h\u1ecdc Khoa h\u1ecdc, C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 To\u00e1n h\u1ecdc (STEM), ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1nh trong khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc \u1edf c\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 trung h\u1ecdc. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y kh\u00e1c v\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 ghi nh\u1edb l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho nh\u1eefng m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecdc sinh s\u1ee3 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n
Khi d\u1ea1y khoa h\u1ecdc cho h\u1ecdc sinh tr\u1ebb, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111ang h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa, thay v\u00ec cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Tr\u1ebb em \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 t\u00ednh t\u00f2 m\u00f2; ch\u00fang mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang quan t\u00e2m. Ch\u00fang h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch quan s\u00e1t m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 quanh ch\u00fang, h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 r\u1ed3i h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang h\u1ecdc. T\u1ea1i l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i n\u00e0y, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn tr\u1ebb em th\u00edch h\u1ecfi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ch\u00fang b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c cho c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ch\u00fang h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u thay v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0a cho ch\u00fang s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o ch\u00fang nh\u1edb s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m n\u1ea3n l\u00f2ng ch\u00fang h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc. Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i. Tr\u1ebb em h\u1ecdc khoa h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng quan s\u00e1t, h\u1ecfi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ebfm, so s\u00e1nh, \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c, ghi ch\u00e9p v\u00e0 r\u00fat ra k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 chung cu\u1ed9c hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n
To\u00e1n h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u00fap tr\u1ebb em suy ngh\u0129 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch logic \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Tr\u1ebb em c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc khoa h\u1ecdc. To\u00e1n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n trong k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc, v\u1eadt l\u00ed v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 n\u1eefa. Theo \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho h\u1ecdc sinh suy ngh\u0129 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch logic v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tri th\u1ee9c s\u00e2u h\u01a1n. Kh\u00f4ng may, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y \u0111\u00fang, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c, ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecdc sinh s\u1ee3 to\u00e1n. \u1ede tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc, h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc S\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc, \u0110\u1ea1i s\u1ed1, \u0110\u1ea1i s\u1ed1 Tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh, v\u00e0 T\u00ednh to\u00e1n nh\u01b0ng bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft ch\u00fang d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec? Bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao v\u1ec1 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc? Bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang cho c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c? H\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc ch\u00fang v\u00ec ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u1ea3i ghi nh\u1edb c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ec thi. Bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh vi ph\u00e2n, X\u00e1c xu\u1ea5t, Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, Gi\u1ea3i t\u00edch S\u1ed1, v\u00e0 To\u00e1n h\u1ecdc r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn, h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y? Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc sinh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n
L\u00ed do ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc sinh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c STEM v\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ee3 to\u00e1n v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 trung h\u1ecdc. Trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u1edf Carnegie Mellon, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc \u201cN\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc\u201d v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ecdi sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc n\u00f3 trong n\u0103m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc m\u00f4n \u201cNh\u1eadp m\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh 101\u201d. Trong m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho sinh vi\u00ean \u00f4n l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 ghi nh\u1edb m\u00e0 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ecdi m\u00f4n m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. L\u00fac ban \u0111\u1ea7u, nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n: \u201cCh\u00fang em \u0111\u00e3 qua c\u00e1c k\u00ec thi qu\u1ed1c gia, ch\u00fang em \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc ch\u00fang \u1edf trung h\u1ecdc n\u00ean t\u1ea1i sao th\u1ea7y l\u1ea1i b\u1eaft ch\u00fang em h\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i?\u201d T\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cTh\u1ea7y bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c em \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc ch\u00fang nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kh\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c em bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c em s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y; d\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m cao.\u201d Trong v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n, nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn: \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang em \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u00edch th\u00fa. Gi\u1edd ch\u00fang em bi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y.\u201d\u00a0T\u00f4i n\u00f3i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 l\u1edbp: \u201cCho d\u00f9 c\u00e1c em \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t trong c\u00e1c l\u1edbp to\u00e1n \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c em v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y cho n\u00ean c\u00e1c em s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong b\u1ed1n n\u0103m t\u1edbi. V\u00ec c\u00e1c em c\u1ea7n n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc khoa h\u1ecdc, b\u1ea5t k\u00ec khoa h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh.\u201d<\/p>\n
T\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i: \u201cKhi th\u1ea7y c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb, th\u1ea7y s\u1ee3 to\u00e1n h\u01a1n s\u1ee3 ma. Th\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t k\u00e9m trong m\u1ecdi l\u1edbp to\u00e1n t\u1eeb ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc t\u1edbi trung h\u1ecdc. M\u1ecdi l\u1ea7n th\u1ea7y th\u1ea5y con s\u1ed1 th\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb \u0111au \u0111\u1ea7u. Khi th\u1ea7y l\u00ean l\u1edbp 9, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 th\u1ea7y. C\u00f4 b\u1ea3o v\u1edbi th\u1ea7y: \u201cL\u00ed do em kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch to\u00e1n l\u00e0 v\u00ec em kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ef1 tin. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 do em \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh to\u00e1n \u1edf c\u00e1c l\u1edbp d\u01b0\u1edbi hay em \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, cho n\u00ean em m\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a em. \u0110i\u1ec1u em c\u1ea7n l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a em th\u00ec em s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t.\u201d M\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y, c\u00f4 cho th\u1ea7y m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e0i t\u1eadp ng\u1eafn m\u00e0 th\u1ea7y ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi r\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc c\u0103n b\u1ea3n m\u00e0 th\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. Trong v\u00f2ng v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng, th\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc sinh kh\u00e1c trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng.” M\u00e3i n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m sau, t\u00f4i v\u1eabn nh\u00f3 t\u1edbi l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 gi\u00e1o. T\u00f4i chia s\u1ebb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean: \u201cM\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean to\u00e0n t\u00e2m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh. Th\u1ea7y mang n\u1ee3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea7y c\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y th\u1ea7y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao ngay c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y nay, th\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ec1 h\u01b0u kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea7y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 h\u1ecdc sinh ti\u1ebfp trong to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc. K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3; n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi cam k\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. Ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o m\u00e0 c\u00e1c em c\u00f2n s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc, d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u00e0i t\u1eadp, d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, c\u00e1c em s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t.\u201d<\/p>\n
T\u00f4i tin Khoa h\u1ecdc, C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 To\u00e1n h\u1ecdc (STEM) kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t d\u00e0nh cho v\u00e0i sinh vi\u00ean th\u00f4ng minh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ng\u00e0y nay v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, m\u1ecdi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi ch\u00fang. Kh\u00f4ng may l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. H\u1ecd v\u1eabn ngh\u0129 c\u00f3 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh laptop trong m\u1ecdi v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng hay \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n d\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 21. C\u00f3 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. C\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea9n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecdc sinh tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u00ec thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0o trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n
N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 tr\u1ebb ng\u00e0y nay, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 truy nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t\u00a0 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 gia \u0111\u00ecng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n truy nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o s\u00e1ch v\u1edf, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00fang. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi m\u00ecnh: \u201cNh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y l\u00e0m g\u00ec trong hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m t\u1edbi, khi h\u1ecd l\u1edbn l\u00ean m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi v\u1ecdng? N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u1edbi th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp?” N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb b\u00e2y gi\u1edd b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c STEM h\u01a1n cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t \u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea1m.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
—English version—<\/p>\n
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Teaching STEM part 3<\/p>\n
According to several studies, in the next decade, there will be about 1.5 million more jobs in science and technology than college graduates to fill them. The shortage will be more severe in developing countries and may have a devastating consequence to their economy. Even countries with a large population such as India and China will not have enough people to improve their growing economy as most of their best-skilled workers will probably leave for better jobs elsewhere. To encourage more college students to study Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM), we need to build a strong foundation in science and math in both elementary and high school. But we need to use different teaching methods because traditional method of memorization is not suitable for these subjects, and make students fear math and science.<\/p>\n
When teaching science to young students, traditional education is focusing mostly on formulas and textbooks, rather than allowing them to discover how science works. Children in elementary school are curious; they want to know about things that they are interested in. They learn by observing things around them,\u00a0 asking questions, discuss with friends then formulate their ideas, and that is how they learn. At this age, most children like to ask questions, and we need to encourage them by giving the answer and challenging them to learn more instead of giving them books and tell them to memorize facts. That will discourage them to learn about science. Science and math are closely related. Children learn science by observation, asking questions, analyze the facts, experiment with data and developing the concept. Just like math, they count, compare, measure, record and draw a conclusion and eventually understand the formulas.<\/p>\n
Mathematics is important in helping children to think logically so they can solve problems. Children need to know some mathematics to study science. Math is needed in engineering, technology, chemistry, physics and much more. In my opinion, mathematics is the foundation of almost everything to help the student think logically and developing a deeper knowledge. Unfortunately, without proper teaching method, without encouragement and correlate mathematics with other fields, we make students afraid of math. In high school, students must learn Arithmetic, Algebra, Linear Algebra, and Calculus but how many know what they are for? How many appreciate math? How many know how to apply them to other fields? Students take them because they are taught in high school, and they must memorize formulas to pass exams. How many of them understand that the basics of Differential\u00a0 Equations, Probability, Statistics, Numerical Analysis, and Discrete Mathematics are the core foundation of software engineering, big data analysis, deep learning s and machine learning? But without a clear explanation of the relationship between math and science, many students do not see the need to learn them.<\/p>\n
The main reason, many students, do not select STEM fields because they fear math and science because they do not have basic foundations in elementary and high school. In my program at Carnegie Mellon, I developed a \u201cFoundation of Mathematics\u201d course and required all students to take it in their first year, before they even take the \u201cIntroduction to Computer Science 101\u201d. In this course, I spend the time to review some basic concepts and make students go over some math exercises to make sure that they have enough foundation to continue. The approach is not about memorization but to understand how math can be applied to all the courses that they must take in my program. In the beginning, many students complained: \u201cWe have passed national exams, we already learn them in high school then why to make us take them again?\u201d I explained: \u201cI know you have taken them but this is a different approach. If you know math well, you will not have difficult in my course; it is easy to get a high grade.\u201d Within a few weeks, many students admitted: \u201cThis is very different from what we learned in the past, it is not difficult but enjoyable. Now we know the difference between Applied math from Theoretical math as taught previously.\u201d\u00a0 I told the class: \u201cEven you did not do well in math classes in high school, you can build your foundation here so you will not have difficulty in the next four years. Because you need a strong foundation in math to study science, any science, including computer science.\u201d<\/p>\n
I often tell my students: \u201cWhen I was young, I was afraid of math more than afraid of ghost. I did very poorly in all of my math classes from elementary to high school. Every time I saw numbers then I had a headache. When I was in 9th grade, a teacher understood my fear and willing to help me. She told me: \u201cThe reason you do not like math because you do not have enough confidence. The problem is probably you avoid math in lower grades or did not learn enough basics well, so you lost the ability to build up your math skills. What you need is to rebuild your basics then you will do well.\u201d Each day, she gave me ten short exercises that I must finish before leaving school. Most are the basics math that I did not learn previously. Within few months, I improved and was able to catch up with other students in school. Even fifty years later, I still remember her valuable advice. I share my view with students: \u201cA dedicated teacher can make a difference in students\u2019 learning. I owned so much for many teachers who taught me and that is why even today, I retired from working in the industry but returning to school to teach so I can help develop another generation of students in math and science. Software engineering and mathematics are not difficult; it requires commitment and practices. As long as you are willing to spend the time to study, spend the time to do exercises, spend the time to practice, you will do well.\u201d<\/p>\n
I believe Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) is not about special knowledge for a few smart students to get jobs at top companies in developed countries. It is about training a competitive workforce that is needed to keep a country\u2019s economy thriving. Today with the explosion of knowledge and technology, every country gets impacted by them. Unfortunately, many leaders do not understand the impact of technology yet. They still think having computer laptop in every office or let workers use mobile phones means they are readied for the 21st century. Having computers and mobile phone are not the same as training young people on technology. There is an urgent need to educate people on what they can do with technology and allow them to innovate, to create, and to improve the economy. You do not learn science just by having technology devices. You need to encourage young students to read more, learn more, and build a foundation as early as possible so they can adapt to whatever change in the job market.<\/p>\n
If you look into the young population today, you can predict the future of the country. The people that are most likely to succeed are just a few who have access to a good education system and whose family can afford it. But there are many who do not have access to books, schools, and proper education. We need to look at those facts and numbers and ask ourselves: \u201cWhat are these people do in the next twenty years, when they grow up without jobs, and without hope? What will our economy be with the next generation? If we do not act now by providing more STEM education to all, the future is very bleak.<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Theo nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u, trong th\u1eadp k\u1ec9 t\u1edbi, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u00eam qu\u00e3ng 1.5 tri\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n s\u1ed1 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5071","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5071","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5071"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5071\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5072,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5071\/revisions\/5072"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5071"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5071"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5071"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}