T\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng khuy\u00ean sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i: \u201cN\u1ebfu c\u00e1c em mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, h\u1ecdc Khoa h\u1ecdc, C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 To\u00e1n h\u1ecdc (STEM).\u201d \u0110\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong STEM, sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc TR\u01af\u1edaC KHI v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd s\u1ee3 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd KH\u00d4NG ch\u1ecdn STEM. L\u00e0m sao b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd th\u00edch to\u00e1n v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc?<\/p>\n
Theo nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean m\u1ea5t quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc \u1edf gi\u1eefa tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 trung h\u1ecdc; v\u00e0 h\u1ecd m\u1ea5t quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc trong hai n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i \u1edf trung h\u1ecdc. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y ki\u1ec3u “ghi nh\u1edb c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c” l\u00e0 KH\u00d4NG ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00ec to\u00e1n l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 duy V\u00c0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, KH\u00d4NG ghi nh\u1edb. H\u1ecd k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta ch\u01b0a thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta d\u1ea1y to\u00e1n \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc sinh KH\u00d4NG th\u00edch to\u00e1n \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y to\u00e1n l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho h\u1ecd c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc sinh kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ecd d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, robots, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, v.v. t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1edbi t\u1eeb to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc. Khi h\u1ecdc sinh hi\u1ec3u k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao c\u00e1ch to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9.<\/p>\n
V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, khi t\u1edbi th\u0103m Ph\u1ea7n Lan, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd d\u1ea1y to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1 v\u00e0 tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng thay v\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c. Trong l\u1edbp to\u00e1n, h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y c\u00e1ch ch\u01a1i c\u1edd v\u00e0 ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp. C\u00f4 gi\u00e1o cho xem tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i c\u1edd v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi h\u1ecdc sinh v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd r\u1ed3i th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc sinh ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 ba n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ebd \u0111i. C\u00f4 n\u00f3i: \u201cN\u1ebfu c\u00e1c con \u0111i con t\u1ed1t v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c con ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0m g\u00ec? N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd \u0111i n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y th\u00ec c\u00e1c con s\u1ebd l\u00e0m g\u00ec?\u201d C\u1ea3 l\u1edbp h\u00e1o h\u1ee9c ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb gi\u01a1 tay \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi cho c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. C\u00f4 gi\u00e1o gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho t\u00f4i: \u201cPh\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng ghi nh\u1edb c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0i to\u00e1n l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi r\u1ed3i. Tr\u1ebb con c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n ghi nh\u1edb c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c; ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e9p to\u00e1n s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc. Khi ch\u00fang b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang m\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 tin v\u00e0 s\u1ee3 to\u00e1n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean, bi\u1ebfn, s\u1ed1 d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u00e2m, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a g\u00ec cho tr\u1ebb nh\u1ecf. Ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00fang t\u00f4i d\u1ea1y to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ch\u00fang gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u01a1i tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Khi ch\u00fang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb d\u1ec5 t\u1edbi kh\u00f3, ch\u00fang c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng th\u00edch to\u00e1n.\u201d<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i: \u201cTr\u1ebb con t\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00ec n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u1eabn \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 em h\u1ecdc nhanh nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 em l\u1ea1i ch\u1eadm, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 cho ch\u00fang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00ec to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. D\u1ea1y to\u00e1n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00e8o l\u00ean thang; ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i leo d\u1ea7n t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ng\u00e3. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o ghi nh\u1edb c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00e3o \u1edf tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc sinh ngh\u0129, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc. Khi tr\u1ebb em t\u1ee5t l\u1ea1i sau, ch\u00fang m\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 tin v\u00e0 l\u1edbp th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb chia th\u00e0nh “h\u1ecdc sinh th\u00f4ng minh” ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m to\u00e1n t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 “h\u1ecdc sinh k\u00e9m” ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc sinh tr\u1ebb v\u00e0o trung h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng gh\u00e9t to\u00e1n. Trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecdc sinh ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian h\u1ecdc, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng so s\u00e1nh ch\u00fang v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ch\u00fang gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc, cho t\u1edbi khi ch\u00fang t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ef1 tin trong to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc. H\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec, tr\u1ebb con c\u1ea7n khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t. Vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc to\u00e1n l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ef1 tin trong kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Khi tr\u1ebb em tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00e0ng th\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m th\u00ec t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u00e0ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch logic, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y to\u00e1n.\u201d<\/p>\n
V\u1edbi h\u1ecdc sinh ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc, Carnegie Mellon \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec1u “tr\u1ea1i Robot” v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc sinh tr\u1ebb v\u1ec1 robotics. H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh cho c\u00e1c robot n\u00e0y, tr\u1ebb em ph\u1ea3i ngh\u0129 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch logic, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 thu\u1eadt gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Khi ch\u00fang h\u00e1o h\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho robot th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc. N\u00e3o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u00fang d\u1ea7n t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc theo c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch m\u00e3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn h\u1ecdc sinh tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 r\u1ea5t gi\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
—English version—<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Teaching STEM part 2<\/p>\n
I often advise my students: \u201cIf you want to have a better future, study Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM).\u201d To succeed in STEM, students need to have a strong foundation of science and math BEFORE go to college but if they are afraid these fields, they will NOT choose STEM. How do you make them like mathematics and science?<\/p>\n
According to several researches, most students lose interest in math between elementary school and high school; and they lose interest in science in the last two years in high school. Research scientists found that the teaching of \u201cmemorization of formulas\u201d is NOT suitable for math because math is about thinking AND applying, NOT memorization. They concluded that unless we change the way we teach math in elementary school, we will have a lot of students who do NOT like math in high school. The better method to teach math is to show them how it is used in their daily lives. Many students do not understand that the tools they use such as a computer, software, robots, electronic devices, etc. all come from mathematics. When students understand this connection, they appreciate how mathematics can be used in many things.<\/p>\n
A few years ago, when visited Finland, I saw that they teach math in elementary school by using puzzles and board games instead of formulas. In math class, students were taught how to play chess and think about their next move. The teacher showed a chess game and asked the student about their move then challenge students to think of the next three moves that the opponents will do. She said: \u201cIf you move the pawn to this position, what do you think your opponent will do? If they do this then what would you do?\u201d The whole class is excited to think of the next move, and many young children raised their hand to be called to give the answer? The teacher explained to me: \u201cThe traditional method of teaching math by memorizing formulas and procedure to solve the problem is obsolete. Children who have a problem with math often have difficulty remembering formulas; they do not know how to perform arithmetic step by step. When they miss a step, they cannot continue then they lose confidence and afraid of math. Some math concepts like integers, variables, positive and negative numbers do not mean anything to young children. Today we teach math by challenge them to solve the problem by playing games, applying them at different levels based on what students have mastered. When they develop math skills from easy to difficult, they feel that they accomplish something, and eventually like math.\u201d<\/p>\n
Another teacher told me: \u201cChildren go to elementary school with different ability because their brain is still developing. Some are quick to learn but some are slow, and you need time for them to develop their thinking because math is something you cannot rush. Teaching math is like climbing a ladder; you must do it step by step else you will fall. The traditional method focuses on memorize formulas does not take into consideration of brain development at that young age. It does not allow time for the students to think, to apply, and to practice to gain the mastery in math. When children fell behind, they lose confidence and the class is often divided into \u201cSmart students\u201d who can do math well and \u201cBad students\u201d who fail in math and that is why many young students go to high school but hate math. In our teaching method, we allow elementary students time to learn, we do not compare them with others but let them solve problems step by themselves, step until they grow more confident in math. More than anything, children need encouragement, not punishment. Learning math is about building confidence in their ability to learn. As the children experience success, their brains begin to develop more efficiently, and the more they like what to do their thinking begin to take shape logically, and that is the new way to teach math.\u201d<\/p>\n
For elementary students, Carnegie Mellon has developed several \u201cRobots camp\u201d in the summer to train teachers to teach young students about robotics. To learn how to program these robots, young children have to think logically, perform the calculation, and develop basic problem-solving techniques in their codes. When they are excited about making the robots perform certain tasks, they do not think about math. Their brain naturally guides them step by step in the way they think how their code work and in just a few weeks, most young students can code very well.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng khuy\u00ean sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i: \u201cN\u1ebfu c\u00e1c em mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, h\u1ecdc Khoa h\u1ecdc, C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 To\u00e1n … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5069","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5069","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5069"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5069\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5070,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5069\/revisions\/5070"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5069"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5069"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5069"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}