M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1 vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cCon g\u00e1i t\u00f4i l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u1ecdc \u1edf M\u0129. Tuy nhi\u00ean ch\u00e1u b\u1ecb l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u01b0, v\u00e0 t\u00f4i lo ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc “r\u1edfm”. Xin cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean.\u201d<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u0110\u00e1p: \u1ede nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hai ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc: C\u00f4ng v\u00e0 T\u01b0. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u1edf M\u0129 c\u00f3 ba ki\u1ec3u: \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc C\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc T\u01b0 phi l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc T\u01b0 v\u00ec l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n
Kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u01b0 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 li\u00ean bang v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 bang t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u1edf bang \u0111\u00f3. V\u00ec ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 bang tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y qua ban gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ban qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a bang. V\u00ec c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 d\u00e0nh cho c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang, h\u1ecdc ph\u00ed l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ea5p. Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean tu\u1ef3 theo tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 bang, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng cung c\u1ea5p gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng. L\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng, ti\u1ec1n nh\u1eadp h\u1ecdc d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb bang thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp, m\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, \u00edt h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u01b0 phi l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn. V\u1ec1 trung b\u00ecnh, qu\u00e3ng 30% – 40% \u0111\u01a1n xin h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u01b0 phi l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u1ecdc ph\u00ed t\u1eeb sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p t\u01b0 (Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.) Do \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecdc ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 cao h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng phi l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ban gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ban qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. (Nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ban t\u1edbi t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hay \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.) Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf M\u0129 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u01b0 phi l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 Harvard, Yale, Princeton, Stanford, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,\u00a0 Carnegie Mellon, Chicago, v\u00e0 Brown University.\u00a0 V\u00ec danh ti\u1ebfng xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc. Trung b\u00ecnh, qu\u00e3ng 6% t\u1edbi 14% ng\u01b0\u1eddi xin h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u01b0 v\u00ec l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti t\u01b0 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu. \u01afu ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 l\u00e0m ra ti\u1ec1n, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecdc ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 cao (M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 c\u1ea5p h\u1ecdc b\u1ed5ng trong hai n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c ghi danh c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean.) L\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00ec l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc, ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Trung b\u00ecnh, qu\u00e3ng 65% t\u1edbi 90% ng\u01b0\u1eddi xin v\u00e0o h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. Nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00ec l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c l\u1edbp linh ho\u1ea1t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean l\u1edbn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t, v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed v\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 “c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng” b\u00e1n b\u1ea5t k\u00ec b\u1eb1ng n\u00e0o v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00ec l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn b\u1edfi c\u01a1 quan c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p cho n\u00ean t\u00edn ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n cho tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 phi l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn, cho n\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u. Sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng hay phi l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn. Hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c tuy\u1ec3n sinh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 h\u1ecd chi nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n cho qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111ang b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u tra v\u1ec1 “gian l\u1eadn” \u00a0v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda.<\/p>\n
T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n khuy\u00ean r\u1eb1ng con g\u00e1i b\u1ea1n tr\u00e1nh xa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00ec l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn. Nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn. R\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u1edf M\u0129 n\u1ebfu sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y v\u00ec “Qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o gi\u1ea3” v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda sau khi b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u tra b\u1edfi c\u01a1 quan c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7.<\/p>\n
L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 con g\u00e1i b\u1ea1n n\u00ean l\u00e0m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e1u mu\u1ed1n xin v\u00e0o v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n. L\u00e0 b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9, b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec1u tra k\u0129 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a con g\u00e1i b\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c chi ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn. Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian, n\u1ed7v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c, v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c, cho n\u00ean b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc M\u0129, t\u00f4i gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u b\u1ea1n n\u00ean ki\u1ec3m v\u1edbi U.S. News v\u00e0 World Report:<\/p>\n
http:\/\/colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com\/best-colleges<\/a><\/p>\n http:\/\/grad-schools.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com\/best-graduate-schools\/top-engineering-schools\/computer-engineering-rankings?int=a4d609<\/a><\/p>\n <\/p>\n —English version—<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Public or Private Universities in the U.S.<\/p>\n A father wrote to me: \u201cMy daughter is planning to study in the U.S. However she is confused between the public university and private university, and I am worried about \u201cPhony\u201d universities. Please give us advice.\u201d<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Answer: \u201cIn many countries, there are only two types of university: Public and Private. However, in the U.S. there are three types: Public, Private non-profit, and Private for-profit University.<\/p>\n The difference between public universities and private universities is based on how they are funded. Public universities are funded by federal and state governments to provide education for people who live in that state. Because state governments pay for the cost of operating the schools, they also oversee these schools through the state boards and trustees. Because the schools are for the public, the tuition fees are relatively low. Public education quality varies depending on the school and the state, some offer excellent education but some may not. As a public school, the admission is based on a standard set by the state boards, which in some case, is less restrictive as compared to Private non-profit schools. On the average, about 30% – 40% applicants get accepted.<\/p>\n Private non-profit universities do not receive funding from government, so they rely on tuition fees from students and private contributions (Mostly from industry and individuals.) Therefore their tuition fees are higher than public schools. Non-profit schools also have a boards and trustees to oversee the operation. (Many board members came from the industry or represent the industry.) Most of the top universities in the U.S. are private non-profit universities such as Harvard, Yale, Princeton, Stanford, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,\u00a0 Carnegie Mellon, Chicago, and Brown University.\u00a0 Because of their excellent reputation in education, these schools are very selective. On the average, about 6% to 14% applicants get accepted.<\/p>\n Private for-profit universities are owned by private companies. Their priority is to make money, which is why the tuition fees are high (Although many offer scholarships in the first two years to get students enroll.) As for-profit schools, these schools are not selective, as long as students can pay. On the average, about 65% to 90% applicants get accepted. Many for -profit schools offer the flexible class as well as online programs but the quality of education varies significantly between these schools. Some are good, but many are not, and even few are just a \u201cdegree issue company\u201d selling any degree for a price. The major issue of for-profit schools is many are not accredited by the legitimated accreditation agencies so their credits cannot be transferred to other schools. In some cases, their degree is not recognized by the industry, both public and non-profit universities, so it limits students ability to advance their studies. Students with degree from these schools may not be accepted to advanced degree in public or non-profit universities. Currently these schools are very active in recruiting students from another countries and they spend a lot of money for advertising all over the world but some are being investigated for \u201cfrauds\u201d and have to close.<\/p>\n I would advise that your daughter stay away from for-profit universities. Many of them offer degrees that are not recognized by the industry as they are not accredited. It is very difficult to find employment in the U.S. if students graduate from these schools. Recently there are many issues related to of these schools for \u201cFalse advertising \u201d and some have to close after being investigated by the government authority.<\/p>\n My advice is your daughter should do research on the school that she wants to apply and discuss with you. As parents, you also need to investigate thoroughly to make sure that you do not make a mistake on your daughter\u2019s future by spending money on schools that are not accredited. Education is a big investment on time, efforts, and money, so you need to make sure that the investment is worthy.<\/p>\n For additional information on U.S. universities, I recommend that you check the U.S. News and World Report:<\/p>\n http:\/\/colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com\/best-colleges<\/a><\/p>\n