{"id":503,"date":"2013-06-19T21:52:23","date_gmt":"2013-06-19T14:52:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=503"},"modified":"2013-06-21T10:49:21","modified_gmt":"2013-06-21T03:49:21","slug":"day-va-hoc-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=503","title":{"rendered":"D\u1ea1y v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00f3 ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc: Tri th\u1ee9c, T\u01b0 duy ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n, v\u00e0 T\u00f2 m\u00f2. Tri th\u1ee9c gi\u00fap h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quanh h\u1ecd; T\u01b0 duy ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n cho h\u1ecd n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd; v\u00e0 T\u00f2 m\u00f2 cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn ra nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc th\u00eam n\u1eefa.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n tri th\u1ee9c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean n\u1ed9i dung m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc cho h\u1ecdc sinh. Th\u1ea7y c\u0169ng gi\u00fap h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0 duy ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb h\u1ecd \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, v\u00e0 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 v.v. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c nhau, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng hi\u1ec3u; m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng ghi nh\u1edb. Ghi nh\u1edb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho h\u1ecdc sinh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tri th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0 duy ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n. H\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng ghi nh\u1edb nhi\u1ec1u l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng gi\u00fap cho h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0 duy ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1edb l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau, h\u1ecd thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p. Trong su\u1ed1t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i g\u00ec hay ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o. Trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n; \u1edf nh\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o v\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho h\u1ecd. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng v\u1ee3 h\u1ecd cho d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4 \u1ea5y v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang v\u00ec tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft m\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay tri th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7. H\u1ecdc sinh ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Ghi nh\u1edb kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u00fang m\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c h\u1ecd c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c khu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ednh t\u00f2 m\u00f2 trong h\u1ecdc sinh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra. Khi h\u1ecdc sinh b\u1ecb th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd t\u00f2 m\u00f2 v\u00e0 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra v\u1ec1 n\u00f3. Khi h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3; khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi n\u00f3, n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a cho h\u1ecd. Khi h\u1ecdc sinh hi\u1ec3u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, h\u1ecd nh\u1edb n\u00f3 l\u00e2u h\u01a1n. Tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef trong \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecd m\u00e0 h\u1ecd nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i khi l\u00e0m b\u00e0i thi chuy\u1ec3n sang n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho t\u01b0 duy ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

Khi h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecdc c\u00e1i g\u00ec d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u00f2 m\u00f2 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean n\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c trong t\u1ed5, h\u1ecd ph\u00e1tt tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5. H\u1ecd \u0111ang h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u00ed do, \u0111\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng, v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. K\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam v\u1edbi ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5 t\u1eeb th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o. Trong t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, h\u1ecdc sinh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 b\u00e1nh xe.<\/p>\n

Khi h\u1ecdc sinh t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, h\u1ecd s\u1edf h\u1eefu tri th\u1ee9c. Vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh kinh nghi\u1ec7m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i hay m\u01a1 “s\u00e2u” t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc “b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t” hay ghi nh\u1edb. Khi h\u1ecdc sinh th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 quy\u1ebfn r\u0169, hay c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 h\u1ecd c\u00e0ng t\u00f2 m\u00f2 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi, h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 c\u01a1n \u0111\u00f3i ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00f3i quen h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta d\u1ea1y. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n \u0111i kh\u1ecfi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea7y truy\u1ec1n tri th\u1ee9c sang h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c n\u01a1i h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 t\u1eeb th\u1ea7y. C\u00f3 l\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i cho h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 trung h\u1ecdc. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u00fac ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ef1 h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc theo \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft, c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u s\u1ebd gi\u00fap h\u1ecd \u0111i t\u1eeb ai \u0111\u00f3 bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc li\u00ean t\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi, h\u1ecd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tri th\u1ee9c v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u00f4ng tin thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng n\u01a1i lo\u1ea1i d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Teaching and learning<\/p>\n

There are three factors that determine students\u2019 success in college:Knowledge, Critical thinking, and Curiosity. Knowledge helps them to learn and understand the world around them; Critical thinking gives them the ability to apply their knowledge to solve problems in their careers; and Curiosity allows them to realize the limitations of their knowledge and encourages them to learn more.<\/p>\n

A teacher is the person who transfers a fundamental knowledge based on course content to students. A teacher also helps students to develop their critical thinking by asking them to apply what they have learned to solve problems in tests, quizzes, and homeworks etc. However, students learn differently, some learn by understand; some learn by memorization. Memorization may help students to build knowledge but not critical thinking. A students can pass tests by memorize many theories and facts but it will not help them to develop critical thinking.<\/p>\n

For many years, traditional education focused on knowing facts to pass tests and memorization was the learning approach. By passing many tests at different levels, they obtain degree. Throughout history, there were many people with advanced degrees but could not solve anything or make any decision. At work, they had to depend on their advisors; at home they had to rely on their wife to make decision for them. Sometime their wife did not even go to school but she can still make good decisions because her knowledge is not based on theories but on practical solving daily activities.<\/p>\n

Today knowledge is not enough. Students must learn how to solve problems. Memorization is no longer the right approach but the application of theories to solve problem and develop skills is preferred. By monitoring the skills of students, a teacher can challenge them to improve their skills by stir up the curiosity in students and this is where active learning will happen. When students are challenge on knowing something, they are curious and will do their own research to find out about it. When they learn something; when they read about it and work with it, it becomes meaningful to them. When students understanding the material, they remember it longer. Their knowledge goes from being something kept in their heads which they recall on exams to being a foundation for their critical thinking on which they can apply when needed.<\/p>\n

When students are motivated to learn something based on their curiosity, they work on it with other team members, they develop team work skills. They are learning to ask questions, to find answers, to challenge reasons, to consider alternatives, to evaluate evidence, and develop the problem solving skills. This skill is further improved with additional feedback from teachers. In this situation, students are the engine and teacher is the guiding wheel.<\/p>\n

When students actively learn by themselves, they own the knowledge. This learning becomes a transformative experience or \u201cdeep\u201d learning as contrast with \u201csurface\u201d learning or memorization. When students finds out something fascinating, or something they do not know well they are more curious and through the process discovers something new, they want to learn more and this ongoing hunger for more become the lifelong learning habit.<\/p>\n

This is why I think we need to change the way we teach. We need to move away from the tradition of teacher transmits the knowledge to active learning where students learn the materials on their own with the help from teachers. There is a time for telling students what they need to know in elementary school and high school. But there is time we must encourage students to learn by themselves on their own motivation. Students must decide what they need to know, how they learn and experience the learning process that will help them to move from someone who know a lot of theories to professionals who can apply the knowledge to solve problems. By continuously learning new things, they become knowledge workers to build a knowledge society because we are living in a fast changing information world where new kind of teaching and learning are needed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u00f3 ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc: Tri th\u1ee9c, T\u01b0 duy ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n, v\u00e0 T\u00f2 m\u00f2. Tri th\u1ee9c … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29,18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-503","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/503","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=503"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/503\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":587,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/503\/revisions\/587"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=503"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=503"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=503"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}