M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i: \u201cEm c\u1ea7n k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y?\u201d T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng sinh vi\u00ean n\u00e0y \u0111ang quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ebfm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y m\u1ecdi l\u00fac v\u00ec sinh vi\u00ean mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd n\u00ean h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0o hay h\u1ecd n\u00ean bi\u1ebft c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0o khi h\u1ecd \u0111ang h\u1ecdc trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n
T\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o h\u1ecd: \u201cNg\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i. V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, FORTRAN \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ch\u00ednh; ng\u00e0y nay ch\u1eb3ng ai n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 n\u1eefa. Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, Pascal v\u00e0 C \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y trong m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc; ng\u00e0y nay Java v\u00e0 Python l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng ai bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra trong n\u0103m n\u0103m n\u1eefa? C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00e1y khung ch\u00ednh (m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u1edbn) \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i M\u00e1y t\u00ednh C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n (PC) t\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9. Ba n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c m\u00e1y PC, nh\u01b0ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh. M\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng nhanh h\u01a1n l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd thay \u0111\u1ed5i, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n l\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng “kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd d\u1eebng h\u1ecdc.\u201d<\/p>\n
Sinh vi\u00ean n\u00e0y c\u00e3i l\u1ea1i: \u201cTh\u1ea7y n\u00f3i th\u00ec d\u1ec5 v\u00ec th\u1ea7y l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0. Th\u1ea7y mu\u1ed1n ch\u00fang em h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang em c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c. Ch\u00fang em c\u00f3 n\u00ean h\u1ecdc Hadoop hay Spark kh\u00f4ng? Hay ch\u00fang em n\u00ean h\u1ecdc R hay Swift? Ch\u00fang em c\u1ea7n k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t?”<\/p>\n
T\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cN\u1ebfu c\u00e1c em h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, c\u00e1c em tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh thi\u00ean l\u1ec7ch v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1c em s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean trong k\u0129 n\u0103ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0ng khi m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a em b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi th\u00ec em s\u1ebd l\u00e0m g\u00ec? Em ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0 “ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi” n\u01a1i em s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec t\u1edbi, v\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3 em c\u1ea7n m\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. \u0110\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng n\u00e0y, em c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 em d\u00f9ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0o; kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 em \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0o, ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o em v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u00ec em s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t.\u201d<\/p>\n
V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1ecdi ng\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh k\u0129 thu\u1eadt hay phi k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1edbn hay nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n hay ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng hay kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ch\u00fang. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u1ecfi l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng cho th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong m\u00f4n to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng logic v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c. B\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong l\u1edbp m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n. C\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00e1y t\u00ednh m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n d\u00f9ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd \u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng b\u1ea1n v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 n\u00f3 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3. Ch\u00eca kho\u00e1 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c, kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0o tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, n\u1ebfu t\u1ed5 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t, b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00ed m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n thay v\u00ec tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n
N\u1ebfu v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n t\u1ed5 c\u00f9ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt “\u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e3o t\u1eadp th\u1ec3” v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 g\u1ee3i \u00fd c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Trong phi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e3o t\u1eadp th\u1ec3, m\u1ecdi \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t khi b\u1ea1n m\u1edf ra m\u1ecdi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 cho m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 ri\u00eang m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00ec h\u1ecd cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i v\u00e0o trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n
\u1ede tr\u01b0\u1eddng, sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng gi\u00fap cho sinh vi\u00ean gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi h\u1ecd. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian, nh\u01b0ng “k\u0129 n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc” m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o h\u1ecd c\u00f2n s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t. Vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd n\u00ean d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
—English version—<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
The only skill you need<\/p>\n
A student asked me: \u201cWhat skills do I need to learn to succeed in this information age?\u201d I know that the student is concerned about getting a job, building a career, and prepare for the future. I have received this type of questions all the time because students want to know what programming languages they should learn or what technologies they should know when they are studying in school.<\/p>\n
I often told them: \u201cProgramming languages will change. Few years ago, FORTRAN was the main language; today nobody talks about it anymore. Not long ago, Pascal and C were the languages taught in every university; today Java and Python are the common languages but who know what will happen in the next five years? Technologies also change, fifty years ago, the mainframe was the computer then Personal Computer (PC) came and changed everything. Three years ago, tablets replaced PCs, but now many things can be done using smartphones. Everything will change and often faster than you can imagine. But there is one thing that will never change, and what you need is \u201cNever stop learning\u201d skill.<\/p>\n
The student argued: \u201cThat is easy for you to say because you are the Professor. You want us to learn, but we need specifics so we can focus our efforts. Should we learn Hadoop or Spark? Or should we learn R or Swift? What skills do we need to get a good job?<\/p>\n
I explained: \u201cIf you focus on specific skills, you become bias on that. You will become a specialist in a specific skill, but when things change, your skill is obsolete then what would you do? You should focus on being a \u201cLifelong learners\u201d where you will learn whatever come, and the only skill that you need is solving problems. To survive in this fast changing time, you need to know how to solve problems. No matter what programming language that you use; no matter what technologies that you apply, as long as you can solve the problems then you will do well.\u201d<\/p>\n
Problems are what people solve at work every day. They may be technical or non-technical, they may be large or small, simple or complex, easy or difficult but you must find a way to solve them. Being good problem solver is important to your career success. For example, you learn to solve problems in my mathematic course by using logic and formulas. You learn to solve problems in my computer class by using programming languages and algorithms. The computer languages that you learn, the technologies that you use are only tools that help you to solve the problem. Tools change with time, but learning will stay with you for the rest of your life and having a lifelong learning skill will help you learn new tools and solve problems.<\/p>\n
To solve a problem, you need to understand the problem first, without knowing it well you cannot solve it. The key is to make sure that you focus on the real problem, not the symptoms. For example, if your project team is not doing well, you think the problem is with a certain person, and you blame him. However if you look carefully, the real problem may be an unreasonable schedule that he did not have enough time to do the work. You need to know the cause instead of the symptom and why the problem happened. If you know the cause of a problem, you can come up with a solution.<\/p>\n
If the problem is complex, you may need the team working together to come up with several alternatives before selecting the best solution. You may use the \u201cBrainstorming\u201d technique and encourage team members to suggest their ideas to solve a problem. In brainstorming sessions, all ideas are good as you open up all possibilities to solve the problem. By having all team members to work together, you can create radical solutions that a single person may not even imagine. It also encourages people to commit to solving the problem because they have provided input in developing them.<\/p>\n
In school, students learn many things, some are useful, but all of them are the foundation that helps students to solve real problems in their lives. Some of these will change with time, but the \u201clearning skill,\u201d that they develop will never change. As long as they are willing to learn, and continue to learn, they will do well. Learning should never stop.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i: \u201cEm c\u1ea7n k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y?\u201d T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng sinh … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4974","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4974","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4974"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4974\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4975,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4974\/revisions\/4975"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4974"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4974"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4974"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}