V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, M\u0129, ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n
\u0110i theo xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1, ch\u00e2u Phi v\u00e0 Nam M\u0129 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u h\u1ecd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ea5p. L\u00ed do l\u00e0 v\u00ec ng\u00e0y nay, m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 chi ph\u1ed1i m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9. Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111ang l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng. Ngay c\u1ea3 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p c\u0169ng g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00ec xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
Trong ba m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m qua, d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u01a1n cho kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00ec \u01b0u th\u1ebf chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p. \u201cM\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p” \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1ch nhanh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng do \u00edt c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng. Theo m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 M\u0129, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2025, robotics s\u1ebd chi ph\u1ed1i ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 45%. Ng\u00e0y nay s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n c\u00e1c robot c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng t\u1edbi 35% t\u1edbi k\u1ec9 l\u1ee5c g\u1ea7n 250,000 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong \u0111\u1ee3i gi\u1eef \u0111\u00e0 leo l\u00ean n\u00e0y, t\u1edbi 500,000 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2020. T\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 v\u00ec m\u00e1y m\u00f3c \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m, t\u1ea1o ra t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u1ea1nh tranh cao \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n
Theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2020, M\u0129 s\u1ebd v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua rung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, do \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn. N\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee9 hai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111ang th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh ch\u00f3ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u ng\u00e0y nay Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1eabn l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, n\u00f3 \u0111ang v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00ec t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra kh\u1ecfi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n
Theo t\u1edd Wall Street Journal (24\/11\/2015) ba m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, Levi Strauss & Co. b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o qu\u1ea7n jin xanh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 cho Trung Qu\u1ed1c, xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m c\u00f4ng ti qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o kh\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd sang Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u01b0u th\u1ebf v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Ng\u00e0y nay chi ph\u00ed lao \u0111\u1ed9ng cao h\u01a1n \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1eb1ng robots l\u00e0m cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y. Ng\u00e0y nay Levi v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 M\u0129.<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t xu h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1, n\u01a1i t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p v\u00e0o h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch:\u00a0\u201cNg\u00e0y nay lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111ang tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1eaft h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 robots \u0111ang r\u1ebb \u0111i, b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn ba l\u1ea7n h\u01a1n c\u00e1c n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc.\u201d<\/p>\n
Th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 th\u00ec l\u1ea1i ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y v\u00ec s\u1ee3 r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ea5p cao gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00ednh trong c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c do t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a robots v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean m\u1ecdi khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.\u201d<\/p>\n
Theo nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e1o c\u00e1o, robots c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t l\u00ean 35% v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i 45% \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tin t\u1ee9c l\u1edbn cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, s\u1ebd b\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng robots. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ebfn 2025, Robotics s\u1ebd l\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng $150 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la, v\u1edbi robots th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n 45% nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o khi so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi 10% ng\u00e0y nay. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n: \u201cRobots v\u00e0 Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.\u201d M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd du h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean xe t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i, nh\u1eadn g\u00f3i h\u00e0ng b\u1eb1ng chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng qua m\u00e1y bay tr\u1ef1c th\u0103ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m s\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc trong Khoa h\u1ecdc, C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 To\u00e1n h\u1ecdc (STEM).<\/p>\n
Ng\u00e0y nay nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang n\u00eau ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi khi n\u00e0o robots \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 m\u00e1y th\u00f4ng minh h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang lo \u00e2u v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a robots l\u00ean x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. N\u1ebfu robots l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i: \u201cB\u1ea5t k\u00ec ai ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nh\u1eefng robots n\u00e0y s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. N\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1ea1nh s\u1ebd l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t.\u201d<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
—English version—<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
New globalization Trends<\/p>\n
Historically, The U.S., Europe, Japan, and S. Korea all improved their economy based on manufacturing. As their economy prospered, they shifted into technology and continued to prosper.<\/p>\n
Following that trend, developing countries in\u00a0Asia, Africa, and South America all have plans to improve their economy based on manufacturing, but many failed although they have plenty of low labor workers. The reason is today, things have changed as technology dominates everything. Factory automation is reducing the need for unskilled workers. Even China, whose has invested an in a massive number of factories and a large number of low-cost labor workers is having difficulty because of the automation trends.<\/p>\n
In the past thirty years, it is easier to outsource works to all over the world for low-cost advantage. \u201cThe factory model of low-cost labor\u201d has offered the fastest way to improve the economy but today it is no longer working due to less demand for unskilled labor. According to a new U.S. government report, by 2025, robotics will dominate most factory and manufactures works and reduce labor works by at least 45%. Today sales of industrial robots have increased by 35% to a record of nearly 250,000 units and are expected to keep climbing, to 500,000 units shipped by 2020. Manufacturing competitiveness and advanced technologies have changed everything as machines have taken most work done by human, creating a highly competitive global manufacturing situation.<\/p>\n
According to the report, by 2020, the U.S. will surpass China to be the most competitive nation in the world, due the country\u2019s investment in manufacturing automation technology, and innovation. The second country could be Germany as it is pushing quickly in industrial production and automation development. Although today China is still the center of manufacturing, it is struggling with its large population since manufacturing automation can put hundred million people out of work.<\/p>\n
According to the Wall Street Journal (Nov 24, 2015) Thirty years ago, Levi Strauss & Co. began outsourced its blue jeans manufacturing to China, the trend also pushed hundreds of other clothing companies moved their work to China to take advantage of the low-cost workers there. Now that trend is changing. Today the higher cost of labor in China and the lower cost of factory automation with robots do the work changed reversed this trend. Today Levi and many Western companies begin to close their China\u2019s factories and move back to the U.S.<\/p>\n
These changes mark a new trend in the history of globalization, where automation is everything and completely turn the low-cost labor countries into chaotic. An economist explains:\u00a0\u201cToday labor is getting more expensive, and technology such as robots is getting cheaper, by investing in technology, the company can increase profits three times more than previous years.\u201d<\/p>\n
Seeing the closing of factories is happening, many China company leaders immediately invested in factory automation but its government is reluctant to adopt this trend for fearing that the country may fall into large unemployment problem. A senior economist explains: \u201cWe are facing a major change in the way we live and work due to the speed of technological innovation. The advancement of robots and artificial intelligence has an impact in every industry sector.\u201d<\/p>\n
According to several reports, robots could increase productivity 35% and reduce labor costs by 45%that is great news for many company owners. Most manufacturing jobs, as well as labor jobs, will be replaced by robots. It is predicted that by 2025, Robotics will be a $150 billion market, with robots performing 45% of manufacturing tasks as compared with 10% today. Economists predict: \u201cRobots and Artificial Intelligence are becoming an integral part of our daily lives.\u201d People will travel on self-driving cars, receive packages by drones delivery and most jobs will require a college education in Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM).<\/p>\n
Today many people are raising the questions as to when robots reach a point that machines are smarter than humans. Many country leaders are worried about the effects of robots on society. If robots take all labor jobs, it will create societal upheaval and collapse. A scientist said: \u201cWhoever control these robots will become the leader of the world. A country with strong technology innovation will be the most powerful nation on earth.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, M\u0129, ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4926","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4926","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4926"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4926\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4927,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4926\/revisions\/4927"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4926"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4926"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4926"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}