{"id":4918,"date":"2015-12-09T15:02:21","date_gmt":"2015-12-09T08:02:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=4918"},"modified":"2015-12-09T15:11:41","modified_gmt":"2015-12-09T08:11:41","slug":"to-chuc-cong-nghe-thong-tin-phan-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=4918","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin – Ph\u1ea7n 2"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trong m\u1ecdi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee9c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho c\u00f4ng ti. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p trung. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt cho c\u00f4ng ti. R\u1ed3i b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh cho c\u00f4ng ti. R\u1ed3i b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. Cho n\u00ean v\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n m\u1ee9c trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti.<\/p>\n

Trong m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng ti b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c cho c\u00f4ng ti. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh trong c\u00f4ng ti b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch c\u00f4ng ti hay gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh CEO. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho c\u00f4ng ti.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c th\u00f4ng tin hay CIO. L\u00ed do l\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin v\u1edbi ai \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eafc c\u1ea7u qua k\u1ebd h\u1edf gi\u1eefa doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin. V\u1eady n\u00ean vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 l\u00ed do \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 cao ngang ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch, cao ngang gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh. CIO th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt s\u1ed1 hai hay s\u1ed1 ba trong m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng ti, ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00f4ng ti.<\/p>\n

\"Cap<\/a><\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i m\u1ee9c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p trung th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c ph\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt. C\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u00e0ng qu\u00ed hay h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t chi ti\u00eau, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t kinh doanh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi m\u1ecdi gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin \u1edf m\u1ee9c chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt. V\u1eady n\u00ean l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin.<\/p>\n

\u1ede qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed tuy\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ea1y. B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed tuy\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay trong m\u1ecdi doanh nghi\u1ec7p, t\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m doanh nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed, b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng. V\u1eady l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u00eda n\u00e0y v\u00e0 ph\u00eda kia l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti. Trong m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng ti ng\u00e0y nay, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi doanh nghi\u1ec7p b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f9ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi nhau. M\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u01b0a nh\u00ecn ra lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. V\u1eady \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin. L\u00e0m sao nh\u1eefng vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 qua nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm v\u1ecb tr\u00ed r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng ti, trong m\u1ecdi doanh nghi\u1ec7p?<\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 ba m\u1ee9c: m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 CIO, gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c th\u00f4ng tin hay ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y l\u00e0m c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh hay c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00f4ng ti.<\/p>\n

M\u1ee9c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p trung, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch, hay gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103m nom c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ea5p cao. V\u00e0 r\u1ed3i c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed doanh nghi\u1ec7p h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb doanh nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, c\u00e1c k\u0129 s\u01b0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c kinh doanh h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea1n b\u00e1n c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea1n cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 hai khu v\u1ef1c: s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa hai khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. B\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec. V\u00e0 b\u1ea1n cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

V\u1eady n\u00ean n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, b\u1ea1n b\u00e1n c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. Nh\u01b0ng khi b\u1ea1n cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, b\u1ea1n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng, b\u1ea1n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, h\u1ecd g\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, t\u1ea1o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch. V\u00e0 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn, l\u00e0 l\u00e0m ra ti\u1ec1n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 doanh nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ra ti\u1ec1n, b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, ch\u1ee9 c\u00f2n sao n\u1eefa. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1n. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 bao nhi\u00eau ti\u1ec1n, bao nhi\u00eau \u00edch l\u1ee3i b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra, bao nhi\u00eau gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Cho n\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i, hay gi\u00f3ng th\u1eb3ng nhau. Ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn nhau th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u01b0u th\u1ebf c\u1ea1nh tranh cho c\u00f4ng ti. V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh theo c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t c\u1ed5, r\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c, r\u1ea5t ch\u1eadm. V\u00e0 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ng\u00e0y nay b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh doanh nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1eadm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh doanh nghi\u1ec7p hai m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ed1n gi\u1edd – b\u1ea9y ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t nhanh, r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c, cho n\u00ean b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho t\u00f4i, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau, ph\u1ea3i t\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a nhau, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u1ea1nh nhau. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, v\u00ec c\u00f4ng ti s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, b\u00e1n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i t\u1ea1o ra d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, cho n\u00ean c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia th\u00e0nh hai nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c nhau: m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, nh\u00f3m kia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

\"hai<\/a><\/p>\n

Nh\u00f3m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhu c\u1ea7u doanh nghi\u1ec7p, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c, v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t khi vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t, vi\u1ec7c cho ch\u1ea1y, vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m s\u1ebd l\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. Nh\u00f3m v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh hay nh\u00f3m b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec ng\u00e0y nay h\u1ecd g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5. Nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p. V\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed doanh nghi\u1ec7p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eef c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng chi ph\u00ed, th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i l\u1ea1i n\u1eefa v\u00ec b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 hai ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng then ch\u1ed1t: ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. Trong c\u00f4ng ti \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh nh\u00f3m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u1ecf, nh\u00f3m v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh hay d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u00ec h\u1ecd t\u1ea1o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Nh\u00f3m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ra gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p, nh\u00f3m v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o t\u1ea1o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay nhi\u1ec1u l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft, s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa h\u00e0n l\u00e2m \u0111ang h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn v\u00e0o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p. Nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 hay v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u1edbi l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t v\u00ec ch\u00fang l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1edbi doanh nghi\u1ec7p, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p, v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh doanh nghi\u1ec7p h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti trong khi nh\u00f3m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh r\u1ea5t chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt, l\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3, nh\u00f3m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ra \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng. Nh\u01b0ng khi h\u1ecd ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c cho ch\u1ea1y ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 doanh nghi\u1ec7p, thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u00f3m v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. V\u1eady n\u00ean m\u1ecdi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c CNTT \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—English version—<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Information technology organization – Part 2<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

So in every organization you have several levels.<\/p>\n

You have the executive level.<\/p>\n

These are the people who are making decisions for the company.<\/p>\n

You have the middle level management.<\/p>\n

These are the people who are making tactical decisions for the company.<\/p>\n

Then you have the operational management.<\/p>\n

These are the people who making operational decisions for the company.<\/p>\n

Then you have non-management people, the people who are doing the works.<\/p>\n

So basically you have four levels of organization structure in every company.<\/p>\n

In every company you hae executive management.<\/p>\n

Executive management is one who make strategic decisions for the company.<\/p>\n

Typically in a company, you have a president of the company or the chief executive officer CEO.<\/p>\n

These are people who make decisions for the company.<\/p>\n

But today you also have a chief information officer or CIO.<\/p>\n

The reason is the business need information technology with someone who can bridge the gap between the business and the information technology.<\/p>\n

So the role of information system management has a reason to be almost as high as the president, as high as the chief executive officer.<\/p>\n

CIO is usually the number two or number three in every company, very important people in the company.<\/p>\n

At the level of the middle level management ussually you have either vice prsident or a director or a senior manager.<\/p>\n

These are the people who make tactical decisions.<\/p>\n

These are decisions made by people who make decisions on a quarterly basic or monthly basic.<\/p>\n

These are the people who control the budget, control spending, control the business of the company.<\/p>\n

So for every director of the business you also have director of information system management.<\/p>\n

These are the people who manage the information system at the tactical level.<\/p>\n

So again for every position you have in a business, you have an equivalent position on the information technology.<\/p>\n

At the operational management, these are the line managers, the project managers.<\/p>\n

These are the people who run the business.<\/p>\n

You also have information technology managers, you have information technology line managers and project managers on equivalent.<\/p>\n

So today in every business, from a business point of view you have a manager, you also have an equivalent information system management.<\/p>\n

So you are having a group purposes of people who are equal basis, who run business the other one is support the business and support the strategic of the company.<\/p>\n

So throughout every company today, you have side by side business people and information technology people work together.<\/p>\n

So this is the way, the way almost every large companies and small companies today are operated that way.<\/p>\n

I understand that some of you may not see that kind structure yet, but these are things that are happening at all over the world.<\/p>\n

So it is very important to understand the role of information system management.<\/p>\n

How those roles have involved througout the years and occupy very important position in every company, in every business?<\/p>\n

Information system management have basically three levels: executive level, these are CIO, chief information officer or president.<\/p>\n

These people make decisions or a strategic decisions about the products and the services, that they will provide in the company.<\/p>\n

You have the middle level management, these are the vice presidents, or directors or senior managers.<\/p>\n

These are people who run programs, and plan for the senior executives.<\/p>\n

And then you have operational managers, these are the people who run day to day business.<\/p>\n

These are project managers, these are the business units, these are people who run day to day activities, who are managing the people, the workers, the information technology engineers.<\/p>\n

These are people who work at the day to day business.<\/p>\n

So you have three levels: the strategic level, the tactical level, and the operational level.<\/p>\n

Those are the ways today we structure information technology management into three levels.<\/p>\n

At the highest level, or at the business level, the business process, the way the company does business were defined the activities that requires information to support them, to create either a product or a service to the customers.<\/p>\n

Either you sell something to the customers or you provide services to the cusomers, okay.<\/p>\n

You have two areas: products and service is very important for the student to understand and distinguish between those too.<\/p>\n

You create a product, the product can be anything.<\/p>\n

And you provide a service, the service supports the customer.<\/p>\n

So if you are a manufacturing company, you are selling something, you create something, that is a product.<\/p>\n

But when you provide a service, you support the selling, you support the maintenance of the product, they call services.<\/p>\n

Information technology are the activities that will make the creation of a product and services possible, the enabling the business to achieve the goal.<\/p>\n

And of course the goal of business is profit, is making money.<\/p>\n

If you are a business, and you don’t make money, you lose, right.<\/p>\n

You have to close the business, you cannot operate business and losing money.<\/p>\n

So the value of the business is how much money, how much benefit that you are create, how much value that you create for the business.<\/p>\n

So it is very important for the business and the information technology integrating or alignment.<\/p>\n

They have to fuse into one to create a competitive advantage for the company.<\/p>\n

Because without the information technology the business operates at a very old way, very inefficient, very slow.<\/p>\n

And of course today you cannot operate business slowly, you have to operate the business twenty four hours seven day a week.<\/p>\n

You have to operate them very very fast, very efficient, so you do need information technology.<\/p>\n

So you cannot say information technology support me, you have to say information technology system and business system have to work together, have to full integrate.<\/p>\n

That is what business information technology have to be a part of each other, side by side.<\/p>\n

So to do that, because the company will create a product, selling the products, and then creates a service, so information technology is also devided into two different groups: one group is called development, the other group is called operation. Okay.<\/p>\n

The development group will analyze business needs, determine the capability, and build the software solutions to support the business.<\/p>\n

But once development is completed, the running, the maintenance of the software will become the responsibility of the operational group.<\/p>\n

The operational group or maintenance group are today they call services.<\/p>\n

They focus on what information technology can do for the business.<\/p>\n

And it will help to manage the business efficiently and effectively by balancing the cost, the time, and the quality.<\/p>\n

This is very important concept and I want to go over again because you will see that in information technology there are always two key functions: the development function and the operational function.<\/p>\n

In a typical company the development groups are relatively small, the operation or service groups are very big because they are enabling the businesses.<\/p>\n

The development group are focusing on creating the solutions, the operation group is focus on enabling the business by using those solutions to help the business operate efficiently. Okay.<\/p>\n

So today a lot of theories, textbooks academic are focus mostly on the development of solutions.<\/p>\n

But they don’t understand the services or the operations.<\/p>\n

But the operation is one that is more important because they are the one that are fully integrated with business, supporting the businesses, running the day to day business.<\/p>\n

They are operational of a company when the development groups are very much tactical, the solutions for the business.<\/p>\n

So if you need to do something, the development group will create solutions, maybe write a software application that help you to do something fast.<\/p>\n

But when they complete the implementation, the job of running the software, operating the software, supporting the business, collecting data and enabling the business belong the operation group.<\/p>\n

So every IT organization has a development group and operation group.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Trong m\u1ecdi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee9c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho c\u00f4ng … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4918","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-quan-li-he-thong-tin"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4918","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4918"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4918\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4924,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4918\/revisions\/4924"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4918"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4918"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4918"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}