{"id":4902,"date":"2015-10-11T16:44:29","date_gmt":"2015-10-11T09:44:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=4902"},"modified":"2015-10-11T16:44:29","modified_gmt":"2015-10-11T09:44:29","slug":"tham-kich-hi-lap-ve-co-hoi-giao-duc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=4902","title":{"rendered":"Th\u1ea3m k\u1ecbch Hi L\u1ea1p v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c"},"content":{"rendered":"

Matt Pickles<\/p>\n

Khi xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng n\u1ee3 l\u00ean Hi L\u1ea1p, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e0i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u00ean ph\u1ed1. M\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u00edt th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi xa h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Hi L\u1ea1p \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng nh\u1ea5t trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf Hi L\u1ea1p l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1n, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m chi ti\u00eau b\u1ecb \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn c\u1ee9u tr\u1ee3 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh. Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, tr\u00ean ba m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m qua s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc ph\u00ed t\u01b0 \u0111\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c k\u00ec thi to\u00e0n Hi L\u1ea1p kh\u00f3 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p d\u00e2ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng, nhi\u1ec1u gia \u0111\u00ecnh ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 giai c\u1ea5p trung l\u01b0u \u0111ang v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho h\u1ecdc ph\u00ed ph\u1ee5 th\u00eam n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n Kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u00e1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng Hi L\u1ea1p v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u1eadn c\u00f9ng trong 30 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00ec m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd gi\u1eefa hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 thu nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 h\u1ecd. V\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Athens c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean t\u00e0i n\u0103ng t\u1eeb t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n l\u00e0 “th\u1ea3m ho\u1ea1 qu\u1ed1c gia” m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i kinh t\u1ebf d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Hi L\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Hi L\u1ea1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf xoay quanh nguy\u00ean l\u00ed v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u 16 c\u1ee7a hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1n cho m\u1ecdi m\u1ee9c v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ec9 b\u1edfi hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng trong k\u00ec thi qu\u1ed1c gia to\u00e0n Hi L\u1ea1p. Cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf l\u1ea1i Hi L\u1ea1p v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng nh\u1ea5t trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng \u1edf Hi L\u1ea1p, v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c kh\u00f3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c k\u00ec thi to\u00e0n Hi L\u1ea1p, \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c song song \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp ra.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc sinh \u1edf Hi L\u1ea1p tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc t\u01b0 c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 “frontistiria” hay l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc th\u00eam m\u1ed9t-k\u00e8m-m\u1ed9t v\u00e0o m\u1ecdi t\u1ed1i v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i tu\u1ea7n. N\u0103m 2008, n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng, c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 con theo h\u1ecdc gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c trung h\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 chi h\u01a1n 950 ngh\u00ecn euros (\u00a3704 ngh\u00ecn) v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y, chi\u1ebfm g\u1ea7n 20% chi ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 h\u1ed9 n\u00e0y – nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. “N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc sinh kh\u00f4ng tham d\u1ef1 frontistirio, h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft cho c\u00e1c k\u00ec thi,” Dimitra Kakampoura n\u00f3i, m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean 22 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 tham gia c\u00e1c k\u00ec thi to\u00e0n Hi L\u1ea1p trong n\u0103m 2011.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4 Kakampoura \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c k\u00ec thi v\u1edbi ba gi\u1edd h\u1ecdc th\u00eam m\u1ecdi ng\u00e0y trong ba n\u0103m v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t c\u1ea1nh tranh \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 Kinh doanh Athens. “T\u00f4i ch\u1eafc s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc frontistirio v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc t\u01b0,” c\u00f4 \u1ea5y n\u00f3i. “T\u00f4i th\u1ea5y t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea1y n\u00f3 cho t\u00f4i.” Vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc th\u00eam c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i t\u1ed1n 500 euros (\u00a3371) m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng. Nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean t\u1eeb b\u1ecf \u01b0\u1edbc m\u01a1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n n\u1ed5i cho \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.”<\/p>\n

Andriana Filippou, 23 tu\u1ed5i, v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng \u1edf Akrata \u1edf mi\u1ec1n b\u1eafc Peloponnese v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111ang h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m lu\u1eadt s\u01b0. C\u00f4 \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y th\u00eam t\u01b0 t\u1eeb ba th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o, n\u0103m l\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n, trong n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc k\u00ec thi to\u00e0n Hi L\u1ea1p. “\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u00e2y t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m cho b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 t\u00f4i h\u01a1n 220 euros (\u00a3163) m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n v\u00e0 t\u00f4i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0i nghi li\u1ec7u h\u1ecd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 c\u00f9ng s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc th\u00eam cho t\u00f4i h\u00f4m nay kh\u00f4ng,” c\u00f4 \u1ea5y th\u00fa nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u n\u0103m 2005 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng sinh vi\u00ean t\u1eeb c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh gi\u1ea7u c\u00f3 nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Hi L\u1ea1p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc th\u00eam t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n g\u1ea5p b\u1ed1n l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh ngh\u00e8o nh\u1ea5t. V\u1edbi thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3m \u0111i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p t\u0103ng l\u00ean tr\u00ean 25%, k\u1ebd h\u1edf n\u00e0y c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ra. “\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng r\u1ea5t t\u1ec7,” Christos n\u00f3i, m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i x\u1ebf taxi t\u1eeb Piraeus ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 hai con g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y m\u1edbi k\u1ebft th\u00fac ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng. “T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc frontisiria cho n\u00ean con t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u00e1c s\u0129 hay lu\u1eadt s\u01b0.” M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong b\u1ebfp nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u1ec3 thao.<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng frontisiria \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng th\u1eadp k\u1ec9. C\u00f3 37,000 th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y th\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng k\u00ed v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti d\u1ea1y th\u00eam t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng l\u1eadp ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam cho \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y b\u1edfi c\u00f9ng th\u1ea7y c\u00f4 gi\u00e1o trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc th\u00eam t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n, \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1i m\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a U\u1ef7 ban ch\u00e2u \u00c2u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng”. Aristides Hatzis, m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 v\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Athens, tin c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf Hi L\u1ea1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecdc sinh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1ea5t \u0111i c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean s\u00e1ng d\u1ea1 do n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p, t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c di d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u01a1n 200,000 h\u1ecdc sinh ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i trong n\u0103m n\u0103m qua, l\u00e0 “t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t th\u1ea3m ho\u1ea1 v\u1ec1 v\u1ed1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi” \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i kinh t\u1ebf Hi L\u1ea1p th\u00e0nh kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n

“V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1n m\u00e0 l\u00e0 v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ecdng d\u1ee5ng nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i trong nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng – vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m xa l\u1ea1 trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Hi L\u1ea1p,” \u00f4ng \u1ea5y n\u00f3i. “M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Hi L\u1ea1p th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng b\u1ecb ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i b\u1edfi v\u00ec th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

“Cho n\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00fang, hay n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u00ec tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt.”<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ghi \u0111i\u1ec3m cho Hi L\u1ea1p \u1edf ch\u1ed7 cu\u1ed1i trong 30 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Aristides Hatzis c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 “vi\u1ec7c m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t th\u1ea3m ho\u1ea1 v\u1ec1 v\u1ed1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.” Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Panos Tsakloglou, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng \u1edf Hi L\u1ea1p, n\u00f3i gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c n\u00ean l\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean. “Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng duy nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 thu nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n,” \u00f4ng \u1ea5y n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng \u1ea5y n\u00f3i c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi c\u1ef1u b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Anna Diamantopoulou trong n\u0103m 2010 \u0111\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf Hi L\u1ea1p v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc sinh ngh\u00e8o, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i \u0111a d\u1ea1ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Tsakloglou tin cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng n\u1ee3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c cho thay \u0111\u1ed5i. “Cho t\u1edbi gi\u1edd \u00fd ch\u00ed ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc v\u00ec m\u1ea5t t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3, Hi L\u1ea1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 l\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c theo c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.”<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n:\u00a0http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/business-34384671<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—English version—<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Greek tragedy for education opportunities<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

By Matt Pickles<\/p>\n

When considering the effects of the debt crisis on Greece, most people probably think of long queues outside banks and protests in the streets. A less visible but perhaps further reaching outcome is that Greece’s education system has become one of the most unequal in the developed world.<\/p>\n

Although education in Greece is free, public schools are suffering from spending cuts imposed as a condition of the bailout agreements. In practice, over the last 30 years it has become increasingly necessary for students to pay for expensive private tuition to pass the famously difficult Panhellenic exams required to get to university. But with unemployment rising and salaries falling, many poor and middle-class families are struggling to pay for this extra tuition.<\/p>\n

A World Economic Forum report this month ranked Greece last of 30 advanced economies for education because of the close relationship between students’ performance and their parents’ income. And a professor of law and economics at the University of Athens warns that losing talented students from poor backgrounds is a “national catastrophe” which could hinder Greece’s long-term economic recovery.<\/p>\n

Greece’s education system was designed around the principle of equality. Article 16 of the constitution guarantees free education at all levels and university admission is decided solely by performance in the nationwide Panhellenic exams. The economic crisis has left Greece with the most unequal education system in the developed world<\/p>\n

But the low quality of some public education in Greece, and the difficulty of the Panhellenic exams, has led to a parallel education system being set up.<\/p>\n

The majority of students in Greece attend private classes called “frontistiria” or one-to-one tuition in evenings and weekends. In 2008, the year before the crisis, families with children in upper secondary education spent more than 950m euros (\u00a3704m) on these lessons, which represented nearly 20% of these households’ expenditure – more than any other European country. “If a student does not attend frontistirio, he is a dead man for the exams,” said Dimitra Kakampoura, a 22-year-old student who took the Panhellenic exams in 2011.<\/p>\n

Ms Kakampoura prepared for the exams with three hours of tuition every day for three years and was accepted to a very competitive course at the Athens University of Economics and Business. “I would not have succeeded without frontistirio and private lessons,” she says. “I found I knew the course before the teacher at school taught it to us.”My tuition cost 500 euros (\u00a3371) a month. Many students give up their dreams, because it is impossible for them to pay this.”<\/p>\n

Andriana Filippou, 23, went to a public school in Akrata in the north Peloponnese and is now training to be a lawyer. She received private tuition from three teachers, five times a week, in the year before the Panhellenic exams. “This cost my parents more than 220 euros (\u00a3163) a week and I really doubt if they would be able to pay the same amount of tuition for me today,” she admits.<\/p>\n

A study in 2005 showed that students from the wealthiest families in Greece received nearly four times more private tuition than the poorest. With average incomes down by a third and unemployment rising to over 25%, this gap is likely to have widened. “It is a very bad system,” says Christos, a taxi driver from Piraeus whose two sons have recently finished school. “I did not have money for frontisiria so my children could not become doctors or lawyers.” One now works in a school kitchen, the other in a sports equipment shop.<\/p>\n

The system of frontisiria has existed for decades. There are 37,000 tutors registered with private tutoring companies and many are also public school teachers who need to top up their low salaries. In some cases, students are taught by the same teachers in school and private tuition which creates what a European Commission report called “perverse incentives”. Aristides Hatzis, a professor of law and economics at University of Athens, believes reform of the education system in Greece is urgently needed to give students from lower income families a better chance of going to university. He says that the loss of bright students from low-income backgrounds, combined with the emigration of more than 200,000 students to universities abroad in the last five years, is a “catastrophic loss of human capital” that could make Greece’s economic recovery more difficult in future.<\/p>\n

“The problem is not just about money but a lack of evaluation and meritocracy in schools – evaluation is an alien concept in the Greek system,” he says. “The level of teaching in Greek schools is often very low, but attempts at evaluating teachers and structures have been resisted because teachers do not want to lose their jobs.<\/p>\n

“So teachers often do not have the right training, or if they are trained their knowledge is never updated.”<\/p>\n

His view is supported by the recent World Economic Forum Inclusive Growth and Development Report, which scored Greece last of 30 advanced economies for education.<\/p>\n

Professor Aristides Hatzis warns of a “catastrophic loss of human capital”Professor Panos Tsakloglou, who has researched inequality in Greece, says education should be a priority. “Education is the single most important factor that shapes the overall distribution of income and influences the probability of poverty,” he says.<\/p>\n

He says attempts were made by the former education minister Anna Diamantopoulou in 2010 to examine the structure of education in Greece and set up special public schools for poorer students, but politicians and various interest groups resisted these changes. But Prof Tsakloglou believes the debt crisis could become a catalyst for change. “So far the political willingness is not there. But with schools closing because of loss of funding, Greece might be forced to consolidate the education system in a more efficient way.<\/p>\n

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Source:\u00a0http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/business-34384671<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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