Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 gi\u1ea7u c\u00f3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 m\u1edbi gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1eeb Anh n\u0103m 1947. V\u1edbi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t t\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp n\u00e0y ngh\u00e8o t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c n\u00f3 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i n\u1ed5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o “s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh tr\u00ed n\u00e3o\u201d c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t, t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, Jawaharlal Nehru tin n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) n\u01a1i s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u k\u0129 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n
N\u0103m 1950, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp Vi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 (IIT) v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 t\u00f9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh \u0111\u00e3 giam c\u1ea7m c\u00e1c t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ra nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u1edf kh\u1eafp n\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 g\u1eedi sinh vi\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd sang M\u0129 v\u00e0 Anh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, n\u01a1i h\u1ecd ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111em tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. IIT d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean danh ti\u1ebfng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o r\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. M\u1ed7i n\u0103m n\u00f3 nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o ch\u1ec9 2 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m trong s\u1ed1 300,000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi xin v\u00e0o h\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng n\u0103m v\u00e0 v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c x\u00e9t v\u00e0o c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc cao n\u00e0y, IIT \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng k\u0129 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t cho \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o IIT l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t hay c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i. Ngay c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y nay, gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi sinh vi\u00ean \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o IIT.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, \u00f4ng Jawaharlal Nehru \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn Bangalore, m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 nh\u1ecf \u1edf gi\u1eefa \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0m “th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai,\u201d n\u01a1i \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb7t ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng gian \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Qua th\u1eddi gian, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c theo vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0y m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. Khi ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p\u00a0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y. Citibank l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti M\u0129 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u1edf Bangalore n\u0103m 1985 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00ed c\u00e1c giao t\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd. V\u1ec1 sau, Texas Instruments m\u1edf m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ecf \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ed3i Hewlett-Packard x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 n\u0103m 1989. L\u00ed do m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ti M\u0129 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf Bangalore l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfng Anh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 sai bi\u1ec7t 12 gi\u1edd gi\u1eefa M\u0129 v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh 24 gi\u1edd li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Khi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n M\u0129 v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 ban \u0111\u00eam, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i t\u1edbi. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch thu\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec7n, l\u1eadp v\u00f9ng mi\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3m, v\u00e0 r\u00fat b\u1edbt ph\u00ed \u0111\u0103ng k\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 thu h\u00fat nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i t\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t cho t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Khi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti M\u0129 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng CNTT, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cung c\u1ea5p l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0m kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990.<\/p>\n
Trong su\u1ed1t nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti M\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u0103ng l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn. Theo m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u, qu\u00e3ng 65% c\u00f4ng ti M\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c cho \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Bangalore tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Khi nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao h\u01a1n th\u00e0nh s\u1eb5n c\u00f3, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5. Ng\u00e0y nay h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111ang ghi danh v\u00e0o Khoa h\u1ecdc, C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 To\u00e1n h\u1ecdc (STEM) v\u00e0 \u0111ang t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n
Khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i b\u01b0\u1edbc qua khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean IIT Mumbai, b\u1ea1n t\u00f4i, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Krishnan gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cTrong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 l\u00e0m kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay n\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c theo chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p th\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u Phi. \u0110\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 2000, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay di \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u cao cho n\u00ean ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi n\u00e0y. Anh c\u00f3 l\u1ebd bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u cao ng\u00e0y nay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i n\u0103m n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t nhu c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng theo.\u201d T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd: \u201cC\u00e1c anh l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang, n\u0103m n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ch\u01b0a t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.\u201d<\/p>\n
Khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o c\u00e1c to\u00e0 nh\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ho\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, Krishnan gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cTo\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u1ef1u h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u1eb7ng cho tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Infosys Nandan Nikelani. Anh \u1ea5y t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 \u0111i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho Patni Information Systems n\u01a1i anh \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p Narayana Murthy v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng nhau h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp ra Infosys, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ti CNTT l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Cho d\u00f9 anh \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1ec9 ph\u00fa nh\u01b0ng anh \u1ea5y ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd qu\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c anh \u1ea5y. Thay v\u00ec chi ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ph\u00fa v\u00e0 t\u1ec9 ph\u00fa kh\u00e1c, anh \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m m\u00e1y t\u00ednh m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7n cho tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169 c\u1ee7a anh \u1ea5y.\u201d T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd: \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c anh \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o trong k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cho \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c anh \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c anh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao.\u201d Krishna l\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea7u: \u201cC\u00f2n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00e2u, \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f3 r\u1ee7i ro. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111ang r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u1edf h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y nh\u01b0ng qu\u00e3ng m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p CNTT c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u01b0a th\u00edch \u0111i sang M\u0129 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Cho t\u1edbi khi h\u1ecd quay v\u1ec1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u00ec vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i m\u1edbi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.\u201d<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
—English version—<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Stories from India<\/p>\n
India\u2019s significant transformation from a poor agriculture to a wealthy technology country is based on a vision that was planned during the time India just won independence from Britain in 1947. With a population near a billion people and an economy solely depending on agriculture, the newly independent country was so poor that it could not even feed its own people. Indian leaders believed that the only way to get out of poverty was to invest in the \u201cbrain power\u201d of their people by having a good education system, as good as the systems in developed countries. Their first prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehru believed the foundation of the education system should be a technology university similar to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) that will produce more engineers and scientists to help advance India forward.<\/p>\n
In 1950, the Indian government established the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) and the first school was built on a former prison where the British had held political prisoners. Eventually the institute has expanded to several technology schools around the country. In the early days, India government sent their top students to the U.S and UK to get the best education there where they adopted the most advanced programs and brought back to India. The IITs built the reputation on a very rigorous training program. Each year it admits only 2 percent of the 300,000 annual applicants and because of this highly selective admission, IIT has developed the best engineers and scientists for India. To get accepted to IIT is a guarantee for good jobs or a chance to continue to go to graduate schools overseas. Even today, the dream of every Indian student is to get accepted to IIT.<\/p>\n
To set a firm foundation, Mr. Jawaharlal Nehru selected Bangalore, a small city in the middle of India to be the \u201ccity of the future.\u201d where he put most government research and aerospace laboratories there as the base to implement the technology vision. Overtime, all Indian leaders continued to follow the vision that their predecessors started. When the technology industry exploded in the late 1980s, India is ready to seize the opportunity. Citibank was the first American company established a data center in Bangalore in 1985 to process bank transactions and paper documentation. Later, Texas Instruments opened a small data entry center there then Hewlett-Packard built an electronic factory there in 1989. The reasons some American companies set up factory in Bangalore were Indian workers could speak English and the 12 hours difference between the U.S. and India allowed companies to operate 24 hours continuously. As U.S workers go home at night, Indian workers could continue the job as it was morning there. India government continued to improve its infrastructure to make the city better suited for more foreign companies to come. There were Tax and financial incentives, discounted electricity rates, exempt zoning, and reduction in registration fees to lure more foreign companies to locate there. However, the investment in technology education is the key factor to the growth of India\u2019s technology industry. As U.S. companies need to meet the growing demands of IT skilled workers, Indian companies are ready to provide the skilled workforce and the outsourcing trend began in late 1990s.<\/p>\n
Throughout the 1990s, U.S. companies were outsourcing whatever they can to reduce costs and increase profits. According to a study, about 65% of U.S companies were outsourced some works to India. Bangalore became the major destination of many technology works. As more high paying jobs were available, it encouraged more students to study technology and the technology industry exploded. Today more than a third of college students in India are enrolling in Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) and creating the most powerful technology workforce in the world.<\/p>\n
As we walk through IIT Mumbai campus, my friend, professor Krishnan explains: \u201cIn the past outsourcing was about lower cost but today it is about higher skills. If we continue on low cost than we cannot compete with lower cost countries in Southeast Asia and Africa. To stay ahead, we have to continue to improve our trainings to keep up with market demand. During the 2000s, programming languages were important because our customers needed software developers but today mobile and cloud computing are high demand skills so our training program is updated with these new skills. You probably know that many high demand skills today did not even exist five years ago but we monitored the demand carefully and adjusted our training accordingly.\u201d I agree: \u201cYou are right, five years ago jobs like User Interface designer, Cloud computing specialist or Big Data analyst did not even exist yet.\u201d<\/p>\n
As we are walking into a modern air-conditioned building, Krishnan explains: \u201cThis building is donated to our school by one of our alumni, Infosys\u2019s Chief Executive Officer Nandan Nikelani. He graduated from here and went to work for Patni Information Systems where he met Narayana Murthy and together they found Infosys, one of the largest IT company in India. Even he became a billionaire but he never forgot the school that educated him. Instead of spending money on materials things like other millionaires and billionaires, he built a brand new computer center for his old school.\u201d I agree: \u201cYour university has succeeded in develop more leaders in engineering and technology for India. Your graduates have developed your country into a high technology country.\u201d Krishna shakes his head: \u201cNot yet, the investment in education has risks. Most of our best graduates are now leaving the country to find better jobs oversea. Although there are many job opportunities here but about half of our IT graduates prefer to go to the U.S. to work. Until they come back and contribute to our economy then our vision is completely fulfill.\u201d<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 gi\u1ea7u c\u00f3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4866","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4866","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4866"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4866\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4867,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4866\/revisions\/4867"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4866"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4866"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4866"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}