Sinh vi\u00ean ch\u00e2u \u00c1 bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1. Khi d\u1ea1y \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng nghe sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecfi l\u1eabn nhau: \u201cB\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea5y?\u201d M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u201cT\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 8 tr\u00ean 10. T\u00f4i \u0111o\u00e1n t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t trong b\u00e0i thi.\u201d Sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n: \u201cT\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 5 tr\u00ean 10; b\u00e0i thi kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n t\u00f4i t\u01b0\u1edfng.\u201d \u0110\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i chung nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1, v\u00ec t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd nghe sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecfi, \u201cB\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec?\u201d \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c cho \u0111i\u1ec3m khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0o h\u1ecdc. Thay v\u00ec h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed7. Vi\u1ec7c cho \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o ra n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 thi v\u00e0 s\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t trong c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n
Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c trong c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1 ch\u00e2u \u00c1 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng cho \u0111i\u1ec3m ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o cho sinh vi\u00ean. M\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho t\u00f4i: \u201cTh\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n cho qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m 9 hay 10 v\u00ec sinh vi\u00ean ngh\u0129 l\u1edbp th\u1ea7y l\u00e0 d\u1ec5. Th\u1ea7y n\u00ean gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m 9 hay 10 theo b\u00e0i thi b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi kh\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi.\u201d Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra ganh \u0111ua kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00ec sinh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd ganh \u0111ua \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, cho n\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u1eed b\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c chia s\u1ebb v\u00e0 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 l\u1eabn nhau.<\/p>\n
Vi\u1ec7c cho \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap sinh vi\u00ean hi\u1ec3u h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t th\u1ebf n\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng \u201c\u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1\u201d ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh li\u1ec7u sinh vi\u00ean tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi n\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang hay sai. C\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00e2u b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn ng\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p g\u1ee3i \u00fd c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian cho b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn. M\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o n\u00f3i: \u201cTh\u1ea7y ngh\u0129 s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t bao l\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn cho 40 sinh vi\u00ean? \u0110\u1eb1ng n\u00e0o sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1eddi b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn khi h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec3m.\u201d Trong l\u1edbp t\u00f4i, sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n g\u00ec, v\u00ec h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00ec t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecfi c\u00f9ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u1edf b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra ti\u1ebfp. V\u1edbi m\u1ecdi b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra, t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean l\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a n\u00f3 v\u00e0o b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra ti\u1ebfp. Xem nh\u01b0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1eddi b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd vi\u1ec7c tr\u00e1nh c\u00f9ng sai l\u1ea7m hai l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n
Ngay c\u1ea3 b\u00e0i thi \u0111a ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a l\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf M\u0129 v\u00ec n\u00f3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng cho \u0111i\u1ec3m. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1 n\u1eefa nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch vi\u1ec7c ghi nh\u1edb thay v\u00ec th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c sinh vi\u00ean suy ngh\u0129 s\u00e2u. Ki\u1ec3u thi n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p sinh vi\u00ean l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang thay v\u00ec ph\u00e1t sinh c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. T\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng v\u00e0i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng cho h\u1ecd nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho t\u00f4i vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 t\u00f4i cho sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0111\u1ec3 xem h\u1ecd so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. M\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian cho \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i thi n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc ra sao, t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra h\u1ecd, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 \u0111o hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n
Th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc trong l\u1edbp cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c, sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecfi: \u201cT\u1ea1i sao th\u1ea7y lu\u00f4n h\u1ecfi \u201cT\u1ea1i sao\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cL\u00e0m sao\u201d thay v\u00ec \u201cC\u00e1i g\u00ec\u201d trong b\u00e0i thi c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y?\u201d T\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cC\u00e1c em bi\u1ebft \u201cC\u00e1i g\u00ec\u201d v\u00ec c\u00e1c em h\u1ecdc n\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c em c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft \u201cT\u1ea1i sao\u201d hay l\u00ed do d\u00f9ng n\u00f3; v\u00e0 \u201cL\u00e0m sao\u201d v\u00ec c\u00e1c em ph\u1ea3i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3. C\u00e1c em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1edb nhi\u1ec1u \u201cC\u00e1i g\u00ec\u201d v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed7 k\u00ec thi nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c em kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i \u201cT\u1ea1i sao\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cL\u00e0m sao\u201d c\u00e1c em s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi c\u00e1c em \u0111i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. C\u00e1c em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 b\u00e0i thi, c\u00e1c em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0ng khi c\u00e1c em \u0111i ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, c\u00f4ng ti kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c em c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1t hay kh\u00f4ng. H\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng hay c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c em nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u201cT\u1ea1i sao\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cL\u00e0m sao\u201d v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ai s\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c em n\u00f3i cho h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft m\u00e0 c\u00e1c em \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec3 qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ec thi. \u00a0C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c em v\u1ec1 \u201cC\u00e1i g\u00ec\u201d nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c em ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i \u201cT\u1ea1i sao\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cL\u00e0m sao\u201d v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u201cH\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c\u201d v\u00ec c\u00e1c em ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc ch\u00fang cho t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cH\u1ecdc s\u00e2u\u201d m\u00e0 th\u1ea7y mu\u1ed1n c\u00e1c em h\u1ecdc. Trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng. C\u00e1c em ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 duy ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n (T\u1ea1i sao) v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 (L\u00e0m sao) n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c em mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
—English version—<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Deep learning and grades<\/p>\n
Asian students are always concerned with grade. When teaching there I often heard students asking each other: \u201cWhat grade do you get?\u201d A student answered: \u201cI got an 8 out of 10. I guess I did well in the exam.\u201d Another complained: \u201cI only got 5 out of 10; the exam was more difficult than I thought.\u201d The most common conversation among students is about grade, as I never heard students asking, \u201cWhat have you learned?\u201d This one thing that needs to change because grading motivates students to focus on grades but not on learning. Instead of learning deeply on the subject, some just study enough to get passing grade. Grading also creates the fear of exam and the fear of failure among students.<\/p>\n
Another common practice among Asian teachers is not giving perfect grade to students. A teacher explained to me: \u201cYou do not want to give too many 9 or 10 as students think your class is easy. You should limit the number of students to receive 9 or 10 on exam by having one question that is difficult to answer.\u201d This practice creates unnecessary competition as students will compete for better grades, so it is difficult to encourage teamwork as it eliminates the sharing and helping each other.<\/p>\n
Grading is supposed to provide feedback to help students understand how well they are doing but a \u201cnumber grade\u201d only reflects whether students answer it wrong or right. A better way is a short comment to offer suggestions for improvement. However, most teachers told me that they do not have time for comment. A teacher said: \u201cHow long do you think it takes to write comment for 40 students? Students do not read comments anyway as they only look at the grade.\u201d In my class, students must read the comments to know what I want, as they must learn to fix the problem because I often ask the same question on the next test. For every test, I often select one question that most students missed and put it in the next test. As a result, students must read my comment to learn avoiding making the same mistakes twice.<\/p>\n
Even multiple choices exam is popular in the U.S. as it is easy to grade. It is getting more popular in Asia too but it encourages memorization rather than challenge students to think deeply. This type of exam allows students to select correct answers rather than generating answers. I only use few multiple choice questions to make sure that students do learn the basic concepts but also give them several questions that they must write the answer by explaining to me their understanding and solve problems. This is where I give students feedbacks to motivate their learning, to see how they compare with other students, and to measure their deep learning. It takes time to grade these exams but if you truly want to know how your students learn, I think this is the only way to test them, to challenge them, and measure their understanding.<\/p>\n
Last month in my last class in China, Students asked: \u201cWhy do you keep asking \u201cWhy\u201d and \u201cHow\u201d instead of \u201cWhat\u201d in your exam? I explained: \u201cYou know the \u201cWhat\u201d because you study it. However, you must also know the \u201cWhy\u201d or the reasons when to use it; and the \u201cHow\u201d as you must know to apply it. You can memorize a lot of \u201cWhat\u201d and pass exams but if you do not know the \u201cWhy\u201d and the \u201cHow\u201d you will have difficulty when you go to work. You may have perfect score on exams, you may graduate with the top grade but when you go to interview for job, companies do not care whether you have perfect score or not. They only want to know if you can solve their problems or be able to support their business. If you look at most of the interview questions, they all are the \u201cWhy\u201d and the \u201cHow\u201d as no one would ask you to tell them about all the theories that you already memorized to pass exams. The schools teach you about the \u201cWhat\u201d but you should know the \u201cWhy\u201d and the \u201cHow\u201d and this is \u201cReal learning\u201d as you must learn them well and that is the \u201cDeep learning\u201d that I want you to learn. In the past, companies hiring based on degrees and grades but today, it is about knowledge and skills. You must learn to adapt to the industry\u2019s practices of critical thinking (Why) and problems solving (How) if you want to get good job and advance your career.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Sinh vi\u00ean ch\u00e2u \u00c1 bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1. Khi d\u1ea1y \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng nghe sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecfi l\u1eabn nhau: \u201cB\u1ea1n … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4848","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4848","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4848"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4848\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4849,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4848\/revisions\/4849"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4848"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4848"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4848"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}