Ng\u00e0y nay M\u0129 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng qu\u00e3ng 4 tri\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT) nh\u01b0ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 qu\u00e3ng 4.5 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho n\u00ean c\u00f3 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t n\u1eeda tri\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 n\u1eefa v\u00ec nhu c\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn, an ninh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, v\u00e0 Internet v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt Internet of Things (IoT). Theo t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Global Economic Review, C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh ch\u1ea5t v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e2y gi\u1edd d\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin. Hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi, c\u00f3 tr\u00ean 14 tri\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0ng nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n l\u00e0 22 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2025. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd?<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t n\u00e0y, nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch “di tr\u00fa \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t” \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT t\u1edbi v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd. Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i M\u0129 \u0111ang xem x\u00e9t t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 visa H1B cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng t\u1eeb 85,000 t\u1edbi 195,000 m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. Canada, Anh v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111an t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. M\u1ed9t quan ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: \u201cN\u1ebfu c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00f3n ch\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang t\u00f4i.\u201d D\u1eef li\u1ec7u to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 di tr\u00fa th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng trong m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m qua, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng l\u00ean trong di tr\u00fa c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng t\u1eeb ch\u00e2u \u00c1 sang M\u0129, Canada, Australia v\u00e0 Anh. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 2000 tr\u00ean 1.2 tri\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT t\u1eeb \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Nga \u0111\u00e3 di c\u01b0 sang M\u0129. Anh, Canada, \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT t\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch di tr\u00fa c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh “th\u1ebb lam” \u0111\u1ec3 tuy\u1ec3n 20,000 chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean CNTT t\u1eeb \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t n\u00e0y c\u0169ng x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c1 kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Singapore c\u0169ng \u0111ang tuy\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng nh\u01b0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Malaysia, Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c v.v. M\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i: \u201cGi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 di c\u01b0 sang c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfng Anh t\u1ed1t, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u1edbi Singapore.\u201d<\/p>\n
Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng “ch\u1ea3y n\u00e3o” s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i l\u00ean c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00ec m\u1ed9t khi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd th\u00ec hi\u1ebfm khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y quay tr\u1edf v\u1ec1. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng 89% c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e0. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi l\u00e0: \u201cL\u00e0m sao h\u1ecd l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd quay tr\u1edf v\u1ec1?\u201d Cho t\u1edbi gi\u1edd, ch\u1ec9 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111em tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd do n\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba m\u1edf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. M\u1ed9t c\u1ef1u sinh vi\u00ean H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i: \u201cKh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t g\u00ec n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i \u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho Microsoft hay tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho Samsung. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1eadu l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 nhau, ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 nhau, cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i \u01b0a th\u00edch tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i.\u201d M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u0169ng n\u00f3i: \u201cM\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00f4i ch\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay t\u00f4i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u1edf M\u0129. L\u00e0 nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, d\u1ec5 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd h\u01a1n do khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch thu\u1ebf t\u1ed1t t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7.\u201d V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n vi\u1ec7c tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf M\u0129, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111em tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 v\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y. Tuy nhi\u00ean sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u01b0a th\u00edch \u1edf l\u1ea1i M\u0129 h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cEm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y g\u1ea5p m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea7n quay tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0. Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc em v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a em.\u201d Sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c n\u00f3i th\u00eam: \u201c\u1ede n\u01b0\u1edbc em, quan h\u1ec7 l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9. Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i g\u00ec, cho n\u00ean em quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y.\u201d<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea3y n\u00e3o. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0o \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao v\u1edbi khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch thu\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd th\u00e0nh h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng, c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eeb trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00ec n\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n th\u1eddi gian. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ea5p cao c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i: \u201cKhi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cho n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n l\u00e0 t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 d\u1ec5, m\u1edf trung t\u00e2m c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng hay trung t\u00e2m c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t. Cho n\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0m l\u00e0 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t k\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u00e0o. Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990 khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n \u1edf t\u1ea1i m\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950, 1960 cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u00e0 ban h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t 20 n\u0103m nh\u01b0ng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao. Nh\u01b0ng khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn Trung Qu\u1ed1c, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ch\u1ec9 quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t trong 20 n\u0103m v\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m r\u1ebb nh\u01b0ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd n\u00f3 \u0111ang v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n v\u00ec trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0 d\u1eabn l\u00e1i ch\u00ednh cho t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ra sai l\u1ea7m cho n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a 100 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0o x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng c\u1ee1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u00e2u ra th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng? Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i n\u0103ng gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111i v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec qu\u00e1 tr\u1ec5, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 th\u00eam n\u1eefa. D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, h\u1ecd bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng \u0111i sau v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp r\u1ed3i b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t.\u201d<\/p>\n
Ng\u00e0y nay “ch\u1ea3y n\u00e3o” \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c. Ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u1edf l\u1ea1i trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u00edch vi\u1ec7c quay tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c. M\u1ed9t quan ch\u1ee9c ch\u00e2u \u00c2u c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n n\u00f3i: \u201c\u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian nh\u01b0ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i lu\u1eadt di tr\u00fa l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 nhanh. D\u1ec5 l\u1ea5y c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.\u201d \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch di tr\u00fa \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ea3y n\u00e3o s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u1ea1nh tranh cao n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
—English version—<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
The “Brain Drain” issue<\/p>\n
Today the U.S. employed about 4 million Information Technology (IT) workers but the industry\u2019s need is about 4.5 million so there is a shortage of half million workers. The situation will get worst because demand continues to rise with more uses of Cloud computing, Big data analytics, Computing Security, and the Internet of Things (IoT). According to the Global Economic Review, Information Technology (IT) is the fastest growing job category as more countries are now using information technology. Currently, there are over 14 million IT workers in the world but the demand is predicted to be 22 million workers by 2025. The question is how do countries solve this shortage to have enough IT workers to meet demand and grow their economy?<\/p>\n
To solve this shortage, many developed countries have launched \u201cSpecial immigration\u201d policies to attract IT workers to come and work in their countries. The U.S Congress is considered raising the number of H1B visas to skilled workers from 85,000 to 195,000 per year. Canada, the U.K and Germany also had similar policies to meet their growing demands. A government officer declares: \u201cIf you have information technology skills, we welcome you in our country.\u201d Global data on migration found that in the past ten years, there was an increase in migration of skilled IT workers from Asia to the U.S. Canada, Australia and the U.K. Since 2000 over 1.2 million IT workers from India, China, and Russia have migrated to the U.S. The U.K, Canada, Germany, and France also attracted millions of IT workers to their countries based on their immigration policies. For example, Germany launched a \u201cBlue-card\u201d program to recruit 20,000 IT specialists from Eastern Europe each year. The shortage also happened in other Asian countries too, Japan, S. Korea and Singapore are also recruiting IT workers from neighboring countries such as India, Malaysia, Vietnam, and China etc. A Chinese professor told me: \u201cThe dream of many Chinese students is to immigrate to western countries but if they do not have good English skills, they can still go to Singapore.\u201d<\/p>\n
The \u201cbrain drain\u201d phenomenon will have long term devastating effect on developing countries because once these skilled workers left their countries they rarely return. Industry data indicated that 89% of skilled workers stayed and lived in the host countries. Without skilled workers, developing countries cannot grow their economy. The question often ask is: \u201cHow do they get their skilled workers back?\u201d So far, only Indian, Japan, and S. Korea were successful in bringing back their own skilled workers due to their advanced technology industries and completely open domestic economy. A former Korean student told me: \u201cThere is no difference if I stay here and work for Microsoft or return to my country and work for Samsung. The position and salary are similar, the innovation and research are the same, so I prefer to return to my country.\u201d Another Indian student also said: \u201cTen years ago, I would stay here but today I have more opportunities in India than the U.S. As a technology entrepreneur, it is easier to start a company in India now due to good tax incentive from our government.\u201d Basically the returning of Indian workers who once worked in the US who brought their knowledge and capital back that lead to the explosion of technology industry and improve the economy there. However other students told me that they prefer to stay in the U.S. A student explained: \u201cI can make ten times more here than back home. My country\u2019s industry is backward and does not need my knowledge and skills.\u201d Another student added: \u201cIn my country, connection is everything. Without knowing the right people and have good connection, it is impossible to do anything, so I decided to stay here.\u201d<\/p>\n
Governments can do a lot to reverse the causes of the brain drain. By setting science and technology as top priority in their economic strategy and improve education system to develop IT skilled workers for technology industry. They can encourage\u00a0 the developing high tech centers with tax incentives to promote more foreign investments and make their country attractive to skilled workers, both from within the country and from outside. The idea is simple but not easy to implement because it requires leadership\u2018s vision and it takes time. A senior executive once told me: \u201cWhen invest to foreign country, the difficulty is to find qualified workers. Building factory is easy, opening technology center is easy but you cannot have factory or tech center remains empty without qualified workers. So the first thing we do is to look at the education system of a country as the primary requirement before making any investment. In 1990s when we looked at India, its education system was backward, some dated back to 1950s, 1960s so we recommended changes. The Indian government agreed and issued policy that put technology education on top of its economic strategy. It took 20 years but India today is the destination of most high technology investments. But when we approached China, the government was only interested in having more manufactured factories to take advantage of its huge labor workforce. China did well for 20 years with its exports of cheap products but now it is struggling as in this Information Age, technology is the main driver for economic growth. They have realized the mistake so it develops a plan to put 100 of its universities into world-class ranking to show the world about its education but where does it find qualified teachers and researchers? Most of their best talents already left and it will take at least another generation to revise its education system. But it is too late as by that time, other countries may advance further. It seems without leadership\u2019s vision, they always follow and try to catch up then miss good opportunity.\u201d<\/p>\n
Today the \u201cbrain drain\u201d is happening all over the world as the shortage of technology skilled workers continues. Unless countries can improve its education system and create opportunities for its citizens at home and stimulate the return of skilled citizen working abroad, this situation will continue. A European official once said: \u201cThe investment in education is expensive and takes time but the changing of immigration laws is simple and fast. It is easy to get skilled workers from other countries than train workers in your own country.\u201d That is why some countries continue to attract skilled workers with special migration incentives and the brain drain issue will continue in this highly competitive global economy.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
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Ng\u00e0y nay M\u0129 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng qu\u00e3ng 4 tri\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT) nh\u01b0ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 qu\u00e3ng … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4837","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4837","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4837"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4837\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4838,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4837\/revisions\/4838"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4837"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4837"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4837"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}