N\u0103m nay t\u00f4i t\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c s\u1edbm \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc trong th\u00e1ng s\u00e1u thay v\u00ec th\u00e1ng b\u1ea9y nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5y t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e9 s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 n\u00e9m v\u1edf ghi ch\u00e9p lung tung kh\u1eafp trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ecdc sinh ca h\u00e1t: \u201cKh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc th\u00eam n\u1eefa! Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o th\u00eam n\u1eefa! Kh\u00f4ng thi th\u00eam n\u1eefa!\u201d M\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201c\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc sinh n\u00f3i l\u1eddi t\u1ea1m bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.\u201d T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi: \u201cNh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc ngay c\u1ea3 sau khi r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9?\u201d \u00d4ng \u1ea5y l\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea7u: \u201cKh\u00f4ng, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn h\u1ecdc sinh tin qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ec thi v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.\u201d\u00a0 Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 kh\u00e1c than: \u201cV\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n t\u1edbi, sau t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 m\u1eebng v\u00e0 ti\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p, th\u1ea7y s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ee9ng x\u1ebfp h\u00e0ng xin vi\u1ec7c. Con s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103m nay l\u00e0 cao h\u01a1n n\u0103m ngo\u00e0i nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 \u00edt vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u0103m nay h\u01a1n n\u0103m ngo\u00e1i cho n\u00ean s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p h\u01a1n.\u201d M\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 kh\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa b\u1ecb x\u00e9 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y bay r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c trong s\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1eddng: \u201cH\u1ecd ngh\u0129 h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do v\u1edbi n\u1ed7i \u0111au h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh b\u00e2y gi\u1edd nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eb3ng m\u1ea5y ch\u1ed1c h\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y n\u1ed7i \u0111au c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p.\u201d<\/p>\n
Khi t\u00f4i n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n Trung Qu\u1ed1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u1edf M\u0129, anh \u1ea5y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cC\u00f3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn gi\u1eefa hai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u1ed5 l\u1ed7, \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng ghi nh\u1edb thu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c \u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ec thi. N\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ecb ch\u00e1n gh\u00e9t h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao vi\u1ec7c qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ec thi v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 l\u1edbn trong \u0111\u1eddi h\u1ecd cho n\u00ean ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc sinh m\u1edf h\u1ed9i v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed tr\u00ed v\u1edbi g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng n\u00e0y th\u00eam n\u1eefa.\u201d T\u00f4i b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn: \u201cNh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc ngay c\u1ea3 sau khi ra tr\u01b0\u1eddng.\u201d Anh \u1ea5y l\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea7u: \u201cC\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n cho mong \u0111\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ecd. Kh\u00f4ng ai mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00ec ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ee3 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u1ee3 b\u00e0i thi.\u201d T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1: \u201cNh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 tin t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang t\u1ed1t l\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1.” B\u1ea1n t\u00f4i c\u01b0\u1eddi to: \u201cL\u00e0m sao th\u1ea7y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3? Qua k\u00ec thi nh\u01b0 PISA l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00ec h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ec thi n\u00e0y v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m cao h\u01a1n. Nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00e1o c\u00e1o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y t\u1ed1t. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean l\u1edbn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00f3 v\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean n\u1eefa. Th\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc sinh gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 coi m\u1ecdi h\u1ecdc sinh l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ecd. Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc sinh h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ecfi nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7y ngh\u0129 v\u00ec h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ecfi qua k\u00ec thi.\u201d<\/p>\n
Anh \u1ea5y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c: \u201cV\u1ec1 l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft, h\u1ecdc sinh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 d\u1ea1y k\u00e8m th\u00eam, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ec thi. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u h\u1ecdc sinh r\u1ea5t gi\u1ecfi qua k\u00ec thi nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00e1c. To\u00e0n th\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng hay t\u01b0 duy ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n. Vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch ghi nh\u1edb m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ec thi. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 qua k\u00ec thi h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ea7n tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o d\u1ea1y k\u00e8m th\u00eam cho h\u1ecd, t\u1eeb ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 cho m\u1ecdi ki\u1ec3m tra. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1eabn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i phong ki\u1ebfn n\u01a1i h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc ch\u1eadt v\u1eadt b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua. \u1ede \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c b\u00e0i lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng vi\u1ebft s\u1eb5n nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i lu\u1eadn. M\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd l\u00e0m l\u00e0 ghi nh\u1edb nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i g\u00ec. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang t\u00f4i h\u1ecdc sao ch\u00e9p m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n trong sao ch\u00e9p m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 Rolex gi\u1ea3 cho t\u1edbi chip m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.\u201d<\/p>\n
T\u00f4i tranh c\u00e3i: \u201cC\u00f3 th\u1ec3 anh qu\u00e1 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t gi\u1ecfi \u2026\u201d Anh \u1ea5y c\u01b0\u1eddi: \u201cTh\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y \u1edf Thanh Hoa v\u00e0 Giao th\u00f4ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u00e0i, hai \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 h\u1ecd qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc sinh gi\u1ecfi nh\u01b0ng th\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch b\u1eb1ng b\u00eca c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t l\u00e0m sao th\u1ea7y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i n\u0103m h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111i ra h\u1ecdc \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i? T\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ebf? Ng\u00e0y nay gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u1edf M\u0129 v\u00e0 sau khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1ng bu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu, kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c m\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc sinh gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c.\u201d<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
—English version—<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
A conversation in Beijing<\/p>\n
This year I arrive early in China to teach a course in June instead of July as previous years and I am able to see an interesting situation where many graduates tear off their textbooks and throw class notes all over their schools. Students are singing: \u201cNo more study! No more teachers! No more exams!\u201d A professor explains: \u201cThis is the way students say goodbye to their education.\u201d I ask: \u201cBut do they still have to learn even after leaving school?\u201d He shakes his head: \u201cNo, most students believe passing exam and getting degree is the end of their education.\u201d\u00a0 Another professor laments: \u201cNext few weeks, after all the celebrations and graduation parties, you will see a lot of them standing in line applying for jobs. The number graduates this year is higher than last year but there are fewer jobs this year than last so there will be more unemployed graduates.\u201d Another professor point to all the tore textbooks and papers scatter in the school yard: \u201cThey think they are free from the pain of studying now but soon they will feel the pain of looking for job and unemployment.\u201d<\/p>\n
When I talk about this to a Chinese friend who had studied in the U.S., he explains: \u201cThere is a big difference between the two education systems. Our rigorous education system here is archaic, full of rote memorization and pressure to pass exams. It makes most students feel disgusted about studying. That is why passing exams and getting degree is a big event in their lives so most students celebrate because they do not have to deal with this burden anymore.\u201d I comment: \u201cBut they still have to learn even after school.\u201d He shook his head: \u201cGetting degree is the ultimate goal and satisfy their family\u2019s expectation. No one wants to go back to school as most are afraid of studying and fear of exams.\u201d I change the topic: \u201cBut there is news that Chinese schools are getting better and some have reached the top ranking even beat Japan as the best schools in Asia.” My friend laughs aloud: \u201cHow can you believe that? To pass exam like the PISA is easy because students are selected and trained to pass this exam with higher scores. Many schools report false data to get better ranking, it is only for advertising and make people feel good. The fact is our education varies significantly among schools. There are few good schools but most are not good and the quality of teaching also varies too. You cannot look at the best students at top schools and think all students are like them. Even top students may not be good as you think because they are only good at passing exams.\u201d<\/p>\n
He continues: \u201cIn theory, students do not have to pay for school but if they do not pay the teachers for extra tutorial services, they never pass exams. The problem with our education is it has produced millions of students who are very good at passing tests but nothing else. The whole education is about how to pass tests but not develop skills or thinking critically. All students learn is about how to remember things to pass exams. And to pass exams students need to pay teachers to tutor them, from elementary to university, there is a price for every test. Our education is still based on the dynasty\u2019s system where students who do well are rewarded but struggling students are ignored. In university, students read essays written by famous people but they never write any essay themselves. All they do is to memorize these essays to pass tests. Our graduates can recite many essays and theories but cannot apply to anything. That is why we learn to copy things and getting better in copying everything such as fake Rolex watches to computer chips and software.\u201d<\/p>\n
I argue: \u201cMaybe you are too critical. I have taught here for several years and found most students were very good\u2026\u201d He laughs: \u201cYou are teaching in Tsinghua and Shanghai Jiao tong, the two top universities and they do have good students but you cannot judge a book by its cover. If our schools are good how do you explain the fact that each year hundred thousands of students are going to study oversea? Why there are so many unemployed college graduates? Today the dream of Chinese students is to get accepted to schools in the U.S. and after graduate, get a job there. That is a sad situation of our education systems and without major change, nothing will happen and we will continue to lose the best students to other countries.\u201d<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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