{"id":482,"date":"2013-06-19T21:36:01","date_gmt":"2013-06-19T14:36:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=482"},"modified":"2013-06-19T21:36:01","modified_gmt":"2013-06-19T14:36:01","slug":"the-luong-nan-cua-trung-quoc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=482","title":{"rendered":"Th\u1ebf l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nan c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c"},"content":{"rendered":"

Theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, tr\u00ean 32% ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p. V\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0 \u0111ang l\u00e0m c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan g\u00ec t\u1edbi gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. B\u00e1o ch\u00ed Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 th\u1ee7 qu\u0129, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 b\u00e0n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ea5u \u0103n, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n l\u1eafp r\u00e1p v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0m c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecdn r\u00e1c. Th\u1ef1c ra, vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u00f2n t\u1ed3i h\u01a1n cho nh\u1eefng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5p. Ri\u00eang n\u0103m 2011, l\u01b0\u01a1ng cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng 14.9 % nh\u01b0ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 t\u0103ng 0.8%. Trong khi gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m v\u00e9 t\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u00e1ng s\u1ee7a h\u01a1n \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c, nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea1m v\u00ec ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/span><\/p>\n

Su\u1ed1t th\u1eadp k\u1ec9 qua, s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean t\u00e1m l\u1ea7n, t\u1eeb 830,000 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103m 1998 l\u00ean t\u1edbi 6.8 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong n\u0103m 2012 nh\u01b0ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 60, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ea5y cho n\u00ean h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi.\u00a0 T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc B\u1eafc Kinh, Thanh Hoa, Ph\u1ee5c \u0110\u00e1n, v\u00e0 Giao th\u00f4ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mong \u0111\u1ee3i vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ean th\u1ee9 hai, hay th\u1ee9 ba \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u v\u00ec ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn trong h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cNhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1eabn tin r\u1eb1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00fang t\u1eeb hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u00fang n\u1eefa v\u00ec c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn cho sinh vi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111ang nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u nh\u01b0ng sinh vi\u00ean v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch n\u00e0o cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. V\u00ec m\u1ed7i gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con, t\u1eebng sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ai gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc g\u00ec cho n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed hay x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u v\u00e0 \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u cao l\u00e0m n\u1ea3y sinh s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p cao.\u201d<\/p>\n

Theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Meng Hua, 22 tu\u1ed5i, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh. Theo l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u1edbi c\u00f4 \u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eabu s\u1ebd l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t, c\u00f4 \u1ea5y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ecdc \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c v\u00e0 hi v\u1ecdng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u00f4i sao \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eabu th\u1eddi trang. Sau khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00f4 \u1ea5y th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 n\u1eef ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eabu. C\u00f4 \u1ea5y l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean nh\u1ea1c, r\u1ed3i b\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u01b0 k\u00ed trong c\u00f4ng ti b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng c\u00f4 \u1ea5y b\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c sau khi b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed t\u1ec7 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n nam kh\u00e1c. C\u00f4 \u1ea5y th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn: \u201cKh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t cho ri\u00eang ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u00e9m h\u01a1n v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed tr\u00ed v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ea5y r\u1ed1i v\u00ec ngo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u01b0 k\u00ed trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p do nam chi ph\u1ed1i.” C\u00f4 \u1ea5y b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eafp r\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Qu\u1ea3ng Ch\u00e2u, \u1edf chung c\u0103n h\u1ecd v\u1edbi m\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4 g\u00e1i kh\u00e1c; ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn trong h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. C\u00f4 \u1ea5y l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c 12 gi\u1edd m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4 \u1ea5y “ki\u1ec7t s\u1ee9c” m\u1ecdi l\u00fac. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u00f4 \u1ea5y n\u00f3i: \u201cR\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n. N\u1ebfu t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft, t\u00f4i ch\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.\u201d<\/p>\n

Trong hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m qua, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u b\u1edfi c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng cho n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u00edt vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m h\u01a1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. Xem nh\u01b0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i theo phong c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5p n\u0103m 2011, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 35% \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, theo cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n Trung Qu\u1ed1c. M\u1ed9t quan ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn: \u201cT\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ai c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ecd l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u01b0 k\u00ed hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng.\u201d M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, Zhu Wei, 24 tu\u1ed5i, ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n l\u1eafp r\u00e1p c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng sau khi kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0o d\u00f9ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a anh ta nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0: \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan g\u00ec t\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i thay v\u00ec s\u1ed1ng nh\u1edd h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 t\u00f4i.\u201d<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 2010, m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef “t\u1ee5i ki\u1ebfn” \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc chen ch\u00fac trong nh\u1eefng c\u0103n h\u1ed9 thu\u00ea nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 trong khu nh\u00e0 \u1ed5 chu\u1ed9t b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 d\u1ecdn r\u00e1c ban \u0111\u00eam ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n thu\u00ea nh\u00e0. V\u1ecb gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 n\u00e0y \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 v\u00e0i tri\u1ec7u nh\u1eefng “ki\u1ebfn” n\u00e0y \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c trong n\u0103m 2010, l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trung b\u00ecnh $286 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng: \u201c\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 hi v\u1ecdng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi nh\u00e0 v\u00ec b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho h\u1ecd th\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa. Sau khi tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ebft ti\u1ec1n. Khi ti\u1ec1n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd h\u1ebft r\u1ed3i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n g\u00ec m\u1ea5y h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Sau nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, h\u1ecd di c\u01b0 ra khu \u1ed5 chu\u1ed9t v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfm s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng r\u00e1c, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ban \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra h\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t bu\u1ed3n. Ch\u00ednh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m h\u1ecd th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn tin v\u00e0o truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd cho h\u1ecd vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc b\u00ean th\u1ee9 hai hay b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 v\u00f4 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c ghi nh\u1edb c\u00e1c l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u0169 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai c\u1ea7n, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed1i l\u1ed9 cho c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ec thi hay c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec v\u00ec tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi v\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng. Kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn l\u00e1i ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn b\u1edfi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u00ean trong. C\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u th\u00ec ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc cho n\u00ean gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00ed ho\u00e0i n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o.\u201d<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o. M\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o cho sinh vi\u00ean tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u00f3 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p cao nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 “m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ecf.” Th\u00e1ng 6\/2012, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 n\u00eau danh ch\u00edn “m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ecf,” bao g\u1ed3m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u, v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ecba l\u00ed, nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c th\u1ec3 thao v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p. C\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “m\u00f4n xanh” nh\u1eefng m\u00f4n c\u00f3 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cao nh\u1ea5t bao g\u1ed3m k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc, y h\u1ecdc, k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 duy\u00ean h\u1ea3i v\u00e0 t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n. V\u00e0i th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p cho vay t\u1edbi $15,000 cho t\u1eebng nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1edfi\u00a0 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng ti. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 th\u00fac gi\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng ti ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p hay xem x\u00e9t vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 mi\u1ec1n qu\u00ea \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn: \u201cH\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u g\u00ec v\u1ec1 kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea3. \u0110\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y nay ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. V\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ed5 h\u1ee7 n\u01a1i ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn k\u0129 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e1y t\u00ednh th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, l\u00e0m sao h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mong \u0111\u1ee3i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn hay t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi?” Sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u0103ng trong blog c\u1ee7a anh ta: \u201cL\u00e0 con trai c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch \u0111i t\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd sau khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o quay l\u1ea1i th\u00f4n qu\u00ea v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch g\u00ec v\u1eady? Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 18 \u00e0?\u201d M\u1eb7c cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n dai d\u1eb3ng. C\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103m nay \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u00e2m bi\u1ebfm. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p trong nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0103n m\u1eb7c nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng hay trong \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecdn r\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 h\u1ecd th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1eadn d\u1eef c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. N\u0103m 2011, theo Vi\u1ec7n h\u00e0n l\u00e2m khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Trung Qu\u1ed1c, trung b\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c $200 \u0111\u00f4 la m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng. V\u1eady m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng trung b\u00ecnh Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c $192 \u0111\u00f4 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng. Sau khi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m, nhi\u1ec1u thanh ni\u00ean Trung Qu\u1ed1c b\u1ecb kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu b\u1edfi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c $300 \u0111\u00f4 la m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u01a1n t\u00e0u hay c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u1edf Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea3i. M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cT\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ra ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 l\u1edbn v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m to\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u0111ang x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kh\u1eafp Trung Qu\u1ed1c, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 t\u00e0u ho\u1ea3 nhanh, t\u00e0u thu\u1ef7 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u xa l\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 \u1edf b\u00ean trong n\u00f3 to\u00e0n l\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng v\u00ec ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb9p. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc cho th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 21. Khi to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u, ch\u1eb3ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i cho c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Khi to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c l\u00e0 v\u00e0o x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 v\u1eadt l\u00ed, ch\u1eb3ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i cho x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tri th\u1ee9c.\u201d M\u1ed9t quan ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 n\u00f3i: \u201cQu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian, c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang l\u00e0m ra ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9. B\u1ea5t k\u00ec ai ngh\u0129 kh\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u01a1. Khi kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m h\u01a1n cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\u201d<\/p>\n

G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u00e0m n\u1ea3n l\u00f2ng hi v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. M\u1ed9t b\u00e0i x\u00e3 lu\u1eadn trong m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan do nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Trung Qu\u1ed1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed th\u00fac gi\u1ee5c thanh ni\u00ean r\u1eb1ng \u201cKh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5 n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c b\u1eb1ng tay ch\u00e2n, sau r\u1ed1t c\u00f4ng\u00a0 vi\u1ec7c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc.\u201d Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y \u0111en trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng n\u1eefa v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti \u0111ang nhanh ch\u00f3ng di d\u1eddi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd khi xu h\u01b0\u1edbng kho\u00e1n trong b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda v\u00e0 sa th\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. N\u0103m 2011, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 v\u00e0i ngh\u00ecn c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y v\u1eabn \u0111ang t\u0103ng l\u00ean.<\/p>\n

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—-English version—-<\/p>\n

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China’s dilema<\/p>\n

According to Chinese government report, over 32% of recent college graduates in China are unemployed. And even some of those who are employed are working in jobs that have nothing to do with their education. Chinese newspapers are full of stories of college graduates working as cashiers, waiters, cooks, assembly-line workers, and even garbage collectors. In fact, the prospects for college educated graduates are worse than for low-skilled laborers. In 2011 alone, wages for labor workers rose 14.9 % but wages for college educated workers only rose 0.8%. While college education has been considered a ticket to a brighter future in China, but today it is very bleak because most college graduates do not have the skills to work in the industry.<\/p>\n

Over the last decade, China\u2019s college-educated population has multiplied eightfold, from 830,000 graduating in 1998 to 6.8 million in 2012 but its education system that dated back in the 60s had not change much so most of what they learned is obsolete.\u00a0 Of course, graduates of the very best schools such as Peking University, Tsinghua, Fudan, and Shanghai Jiaotong can expect good employment prospects, but the millions of graduates from second- or third-tier schools are facing a much more difficult as most of them do not have the right skills and the current knowledge and will not be able to get good jobs. An industry analyst explains: \u201cMany students and their family still believe that a college degree will get them good job. That was true twenty years ago but not anymore as technology changes but education system does not. There is no guidance for students, no information of what industry needs, no direction of where the economy is headed but students are encouraged to go to college without any plan for their future. Because of the one child per family, each student is supported by the whole family to go to college but no one explain to them what to study so many select impractical areas such as art, literature, history or sociology and recently theater, drama and music which are not in high demand which resulting in a high numbers of unemployed graduates.\u201d<\/p>\n

In this way, the story of Meng Hua, 22, has been typical. On the advice of a friend who told her that modeling jobs would be good, she decided to study theater and music and hope to become a movie star or a fashion model. After graduated, she found that there are no such jobs as actress and model. She worked briefly as a music teacher, then selling cell phones in a market, eventually worked as a secretary in an insurance company. However, in just few months she quit after being treated badly by other male workers. She admitted: \u201cThese are not good jobs for single women, it paid less and you have to deal with much harassment because of your look. There is nothing worse than working as a secretary in a male dominated industry. She now works as an electronic assembler in the city of Guangzhou, sharing an apartment with ten other girls; most of them have no formal education. She works 12-hour days and says that she is \u201cexhausting” all the time. Asked about her college education, she said: \u201cIt is very hard to describe the feelings of disappointment and frustration. If I knew, I would be studying something else that has better future.\u201d<\/p>\n

For the past twenty years, much of China\u2019s growth has been fueled by low cost labor sectors like manufacturing and construction so there were fewer jobs for college graduates. As a result, many college graduates have decided to embrace the labor worker lifestyle. Out of low skilled labor workers in 2011, fully 35% had college degrees, according to a survey by the China Federation of Trade Unions. A government officer admitted: \u201cI don\u2019t think that anyone with a college degree would dreams of working in a factory. However, they do so because it\u2019s the best they can get and the wages they get are better they can get in an office as secretary or sale person.\u201d One recent architecture graduate, Zhu Wei, 24, had to content himself with a job as a factory\u2019s assembly line after failing to find any work that used his skills as an architect: \u201cWhat I learned in school is not related to my work, but I must accept the reality rather than live off my parents\u2019 support\u201d<\/p>\n

In 2010, a Chinese professor popularized the term \u201cAnt tribe\u201d to describe the large population of college graduates crammed in small low rent apartments in the slums outside major cities. Many worked low paying labor jobs such as night garbage collectors just to pay the rent. The professor estimated that there were several million of these “ants” in major Chinese cities in 2010, making an average of $286 dollars a month: \u201cThese are hopeless people who left home because their parents could not support them anymore. After paying for their college education most family run out of money. When their saving is gone, there is not much they can do. After many years without job, they migrate to the slums and live off garbage, most work at night to avoid meeting people who may recognize them and it is very sad. It is the education system that failed them. Most believe in the old tradition of having a college degree will give them good job but today a college degree from a second tier or third tier university is worthless. They learned nothing but memorize old theories and facts that nobody need, some even have to bribe teachers to pass exams or get degree but after that they have nothing as their knowledge is obsolete and they have no skills. China\u2019s economy is driven mostly by low labor works for export but not for internal development. The more products they can export the more money the government can get but it is not distributed to its people. There is no strategy to develop the country so a college education is a waste of effort and brain power.\u201d<\/p>\n

Chinese government has tried to cope with the problem for many years without any solution. One strategy has been to warn students to stay away from fields of study with the highest unemployment rates deemed \u201cred majors.\u201d In June of 2012, the government named nine \u201cred majors,\u201d which included arts, theaters, literatures, sociology, geography, photography, sports education, and law. There is a so-called \u201cgreen majors\u201d the ones with the highest rates of employment include engineering, computer, and biotechnology, medical, coastal and ship engineering. Few months ago, government announced a plan to offer loans of up to $15,000 to each entrepreneur who started a company. The government urged jobless people to start their own company to reduce unemployment or consider moving back to the countryside to become farmers. An industry analyst commend: \u201cThey do not understand anything about entrepreneurship. To start a company in today environment must begin with technology. With the archaic education system where most engineers and computer graduates could not even find jobs, how could they expect them to innovate or create something new? Another student also posted in his blog: \u201cAs country boys, we are encouraged to go to cities to have good education. Now after graduate, we are told to go back to the countryside and work as farmers. What kind of policy is that? Are we going back to the 18th<\/sup>\u00a0century?\u201d Despite all these efforts, the problem persists. Graduation ceremonies this year have been marked by a lot of sarcastic protests. New graduates in many universities dressed up as labor workers or in garbage collector uniforms to show how frustrate they are with the government\u2018s economy policies.<\/p>\n

Much of the anger has to do with the uneducated labor workers not only have an easier time finding jobs, but also make nearly as much money as college-educated ones. In 2011, according to the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, the average college graduate made an average of $200 dollars per month. Yet the average Chinese labor worker makes $192 dollars per month. After investing years in an expensive university education, many young Chinese are irked by workers who could earn $300 dollars a month as a ship painter or construction workers in Shanghai. A student explains: \u201cFrom outside looking in, we have made significant progress with hundreds of buildings in construction all over China, we have the fast trains, big ships and many modern highways but the fact is inside it is all empty as the government only put in a good show. There is no real knowledge and good skills to develop the country for the 21st<\/sup>\u00a0century. When the whole effort is only for export, nothing is left for its citizen. When the whole effort is on building physical things, nothing is left for knowledge building.\u201d A government officer said: \u201cThe process of improvement take time, citizen must learn to be patient as we are making progress. Anyone who thinks difference is just dreaming. As China\u2019s economy improves there will be more jobs for everybody.\u201d<\/p>\n

Recently, China\u2019s government has tried to discourage investing hope in a college education. An editorial in China\u2019s state-run agency urged young people that \u201cThere is nothing to be ashamed if you work with your hands, after all labor works are good for the country.\u201d However, there is a dark cloud in low labor manufacturing work too as more companies are quickly relocating works back home as the insourcing trend begin to take shape, more factories begin to shut down and laid off workers. In 2011, there were several thousand labor workers lost jobs and the number is kept increasing.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, tr\u00ean 32% ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p. V\u00e0 th\u1eadm … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-482","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/482","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=482"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/482\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":483,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/482\/revisions\/483"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=482"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=482"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=482"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}