L\u00e0 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o, ch\u00fang ta bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean ng\u1ed3i trong l\u1edbp nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa \u00fd. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u1ee7 n\u1eeda ch\u1eebng khi s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nh\u00ecn ch\u00fang ta nh\u01b0ng t\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u kh\u00e1c. Khi vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y l\u00e0 th\u00fa v\u1ecb, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u01b0ng khi n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u00fa v\u1ecb, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn s\u1ebd l\u00e0m c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3m emails tr\u00ean laptop c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd hay g\u1eedi tin nh\u1eafn tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh; cho d\u00f9 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 \u0111ang nghe b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfm x\u1ec9a t\u1edbi li\u1ec7u sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 ch\u00fa \u00fd hay kh\u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 th\u1ea7y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho h\u1ecd ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd ch\u00fa \u00fd, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y kh\u00f3 l\u00e0m c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p sinh vi\u00ean m\u1edf laptop c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd hay d\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh trong l\u1edbp trong b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc. T\u00f4i nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00f3i c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 vui \u0111\u00f9a ki\u1ec3u nh\u01b0: \u201cTh\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi phim n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ean YouTube hay emails t\u1eeb b\u1ea1n trai hay b\u1ea1n g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c em, cho n\u00ean \u0111\u00f3ng laptop l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u1eaft \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh \u0111i.\u201d<\/p>\n
L\u00e0 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f3 cho sinh vi\u00ean ch\u00fa \u00fd trong b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng d\u00e0i k\u00e9o d\u00e0i b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i ph\u00fat t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch d\u1ea1y truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y khi l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ed3i y\u00ean t\u0129nh v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ea5p thu th\u00f4ng tin n\u1eefa, cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch d\u1ea1y kh\u00e1c. Trong h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1edbi l\u1edbp cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o h\u1ecd \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc v\u00ec t\u00f4i mong \u0111\u1ee3i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft. T\u00f4i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m then ch\u1ed1t, t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y trong x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 5 t\u1edbi 10 ph\u00fat. T\u00f4i cho b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng ng\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 bao qu\u00e1t c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m r\u1ed3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi. Thay v\u00ec n\u00f3i cho h\u1ecd, t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00ean l\u1edbp hay kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1edbi t\u00f3m t\u1eaft, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Sau khi nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, t\u00f4i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp. Phong c\u00e1ch \u201cb\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng mini\u201d n\u00e0y l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00ec n\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc t\u1eebng ch\u00fat m\u1ed9t. Sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m li\u1ec7u h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafng nghe c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi. Ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o h\u1ecd c\u00f2n tham gia v\u00e0o trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean l\u1edbp n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 “b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng mini” l\u1edbp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i nhanh v\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd nh\u1edb nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00f4i khi \u0111\u1ec3 thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, t\u00f4i c\u0169ng h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd v\u1eabn nh\u1edb \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd nh\u1edb t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f9a: \u201cC\u00e1c em ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd bi\u1ebft li\u1ec7u th\u1ea7y s\u1ebd h\u1ecfi c\u00f9ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi cho b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra ti\u1ebfp.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ec3 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecfi: \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 c\u00e1c em h\u1ecdc trong th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn h\u00f4m nay l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\u201d hay \u201cC\u00e1c em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y theo l\u1eddi ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a em kh\u00f4ng?\u201d \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd cho vi\u1ec7c t\u00f3m t\u1eaft t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y m\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc. V\u00ec ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean mong \u0111\u1ee3i r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i s\u1ebd h\u1ecfi hai c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y \u1edf cu\u1ed1i m\u1ed7i l\u1edbp, h\u1ecd bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb. \u0110\u00f4i khi t\u00f4i th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecfi: \u201cC\u00e1c em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng?” Hay \u201cC\u00e1c em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1u em ng\u1ee5 \u00fd kh\u00f4ng?\u201d<\/p>\n
B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecfi sinh vi\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecd \u0111i xa h\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ghi nh\u1edb s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111i ra ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0o trong hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n: \u201cKhi n\u00e0o c\u00e1c em ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? V\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0o?\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cL\u00e0m sao em bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3? T\u1ea1i sao em k\u1ebft l\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3?\u201d T\u00f4i tin b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecfi thay v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c n\u00f3i, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u1edf m\u1ee9c s\u00e2u h\u01a1n k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng qui \u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
—English version—<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Asking instead of telling<\/p>\n
As teachers, we always have situations where students sitting in our classes but not paying attention. Some are half-way asleep when others are looking at us but their minds are somewhere else. When the teaching is interesting, some may pay attention but when it is not, most will do something such as checking emails on their laptop or sending text messages on their smartphone; even they may look like they are still listening to the lecture.<\/p>\n
Some teachers are focusing on teaching and disregard whether students are paying attention or not. But if students do not pay attention, they do not learn. There are things that teachers can do to keep them pay attention and learn. To get them to pay attention, we need to make it difficult for them to do something else. I do not allow students to open their laptop or use smartphone in class during the lecture. I gently remind them by saying something funny such as: \u201cI cannot compete with some movies on YouTube or emails from your boyfriend or girlfriend, so close the laptop and turn off smartphone.\u201d<\/p>\n
As teachers, we all know that it is difficult for students to pay attention to a long lecture that last forty minutes to an hour. But this is the traditional way of teaching and that was how we were taught as students. But today students do not sit quietly and passively absorb information anymore, so we need to change to different way of teaching. In Active learning, students must read the course materials before coming to class so I do not have to tell them what they should learn as I expect that they already know. I organize the course materials into smaller parts focusing only on the key concepts, each part can be taught in approximately 5 to 10 minutes. I give the short lecture to cover the concepts then begin to ask questions. Instead of telling them, I am questioning them on what they have learned. If they do not read the materials before class or not pay attention to the brief summary, they cannot answer. After several students answered the questions, I continue to the next part. This \u201cMini lecture\u201d style is effective because it allows students to learn bits by bits. Students can check whether they know something or not by listening to the questions and answers. If they do not understand something, they can ask questions. As long as they are participating in this class activity, they pay more attention and learn. By having short \u201cmini lecture\u201d the class can go quickly and students will remember more. Sometime to get their attention, I also ask questions about previous lecture to make sure that they remember what they have learned from last week. To make sure that they will remember the materials, I often joke: \u201cYou never know whether I will ask the same questions on the next test.\u201d<\/p>\n
To remind students and assess their learning, I often ask: \u201cWhat is the most important thing that you learn in today\u2019s discussion?\u201d or \u201cCan you explain this concept in your own words?\u201d This will give a summary of the daily materials that students must learn. Since most students expect that I will ask these two questions at the end of each class, they always are prepared. Sometime I challenge them by asking: \u201cCould you elaborate more about the concept? Or \u201cCan you explain what you mean?\u201d<\/p>\n
By asking students to explain more, you want them to go further than just remember some facts but go beyond the concepts into the deep understanding so they can apply them when needed. For example: \u201cWhen do you think that concept can be applied? Under what conditions?\u201d and \u201cHow do you know that? Why do you conclude that?\u201d I believe by asking rather than telling, we can get students to learn more and at the deeper level than conventional lecturing technique.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
L\u00e0 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o, ch\u00fang ta bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean ng\u1ed3i trong l\u1edbp nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa \u00fd. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u1ee7 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4819","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4819","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4819"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4819\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4820,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4819\/revisions\/4820"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4819"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4819"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4819"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}