V\u1ec1 l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft, sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111am m\u00ea ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u01b0ng bao nhi\u00eau sinh vi\u00ean 18 tu\u1ed5i bi\u1ebft \u0111am m\u00ea c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 h\u1ecd n\u00ean theo \u0111u\u1ed5i ngh\u1ec1 n\u00e0o? Bao nhi\u00eau sinh vi\u00ean tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ed1t? Bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p? Bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u? N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u01b0a l\u00e0m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, t\u00f4i khuy\u00ean r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp trong Khoa h\u1ecdc, C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 To\u00e1n h\u1ecdc (STEM) v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y. Theo \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin).<\/p>\n
Tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t email t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft: \u201cL\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf M\u0129 hay ch\u00e2u \u00c2u nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc em v\u00ec em kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y nhu c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc em \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.\u201d T\u00f4i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u201cC\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT) l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c r\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u1edf M\u0129 hay ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. V\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong \u0111\u1ee3i.\u00a0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eb1ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 tr\u00ean 4.5 tri\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 2015 v\u00e0 2025. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p trong CNTT c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong mi\u1ec1n r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, t\u1eeb ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u1edbi kinh doanh, t\u1eeb ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o t\u1edbi ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m. Kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o h\u1ecd ch\u1ecdn, c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u khi so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c. H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd th\u00f4ng th\u1ea1o ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng Anh, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o v\u00ec c\u00f3 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\u201d<\/p>\n
Hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc trong Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh (CS) v\u00e0 K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (SE) th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng trong c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 C++, Java, v\u00e0 Python nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u01a1i h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, hay b\u00e1n l\u1ebb tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn v.v. (L\u01b0u \u00fd: C\u00f3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00ec \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 nhau.)<\/p>\n
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p CS v\u00e0 SE c\u0169ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Web n\u01a1i h\u1ecd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m Internet cho b\u00e1n l\u1ebb tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn, v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh doanh nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v.v. D\u00f9ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 HTML, XML, JavaScript v\u00e0 Cascading Style Sheets, h\u1ecd t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng cho website, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf d\u00e1ng v\u1ebb tr\u1ef1c quan, v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o t\u00ednh d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n web th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia th\u00e0nh hai ph\u1ea7n: Ph\u1ea7n m\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf web n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u00f9ng HTML, CSS, v\u00e0 JavaScript \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb websites cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi n\u00f3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o nh\u1ea5t n\u01a1i hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ea7u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. Ph\u1ea7n m\u1eb7t h\u1eadu th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m m\u00e1y ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web, v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef nh\u01b0 PHP, Ruby, v\u00e0 Python v.v.<\/p>\n
Sau nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u01b0\u1eddng chuy\u1ec3n l\u00ean v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, k\u0129 s\u01b0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, n\u01a1i h\u1ecdi t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c CNTT. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0y c\u0169ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m v\u00ec h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n
M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng trong Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh (CS) v\u00e0 K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (SE) nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, n\u01a1i h\u1ecd qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 an ninh. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p trong Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (ISM) n\u01a1i b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb CNTT ch\u1ea1y t\u1eeb c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, tr\u1ea1m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho t\u1edbi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb di \u0111\u1ed9ng v.v. Ng\u00e0y nay nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n l\u01b0u gi\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u00e2y, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p m\u00e2y n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 an ninh v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ti d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y ch\u1ea1y tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p ISM c\u0169ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 Chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin n\u01a1i h\u1ecd h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng trong \u201cph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5.\u201d H\u1ecd cung c\u1ea5p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt trong mi\u1ec1n r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 t\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. H\u1ecd cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, hay l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT) gi\u00fap cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u1ecb tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi kh\u00e1c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p ISM, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u01b0a th\u00edch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thay v\u00ec vi\u1ebft m\u00e3, nh\u01b0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DBAs) m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, thu th\u1eadp, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bao la c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong c\u00f4ng ti. DBA l\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00ec h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, t\u1eeb ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m, ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o cho t\u1edbi c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng b\u00e1n l\u1ebb, b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3u y t\u1ebf v.v. \u0110\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng v\u00e0 an ninh c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, sinh vi\u00ean ISM ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng trong an ninh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, trinh s\u00e1t doanh nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u nh\u01b0 th\u1ea1c s\u0129 hay ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0 chuy\u00ean gia trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p ISM ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng th\u1ea1c s\u0129 trong \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb v\u00e0 kinh doanh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u00ecm c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti cho t\u1ed1i \u01b0u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p ISM kh\u00e1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng th\u1ea1c s\u0129 v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn d\u00f9ng th\u1ed1ng k\u1ebf t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. H\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 trong chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng ti, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng, trinh s\u00e1t doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed th\u00f4ng tin y t\u1ebf. H\u1ecd gi\u00fap nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb, b\u00e1n l\u1ebb v\u00e0 h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o. H\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u1ed1ng k\u1ebf v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u00e1c qui tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti v\u00e0 t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng. C\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111ang t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb kinh doanh v\u00e0 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed e-commerce, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb, vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 k\u1ebft m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p CS v\u00e0 SE c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i b\u1eb1ng th\u1ea1c s\u0129 trong Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh hay K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0 chuy\u00ean gia trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi. S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n bao g\u1ed3m h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh cho vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng ch\u1ea1y t\u1eeb m\u00e1y t\u00ednh t\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh t\u1edbi \u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u00e0 robot. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t minh ra giao di\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0 giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1 m\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i b\u1eb1ng th\u1ea1c s\u0129 trong An ninh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh n\u01a1i h\u1ecd \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1ecfi vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp. H\u1ecd ki\u1ec3m tra h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng CNTT hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p an ninh, bao g\u1ed3m s\u1eeda nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 mong manh. Trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, h\u1ecd ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch an ninh. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 an ninh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng cyber \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean an ninh \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i.<\/p>\n
Sau nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin c\u0169ng th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean th\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh m\u1ee9c cao cho t\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m trong khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi t\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m hay \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00f4ng ti. Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 (CTOs) qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n t\u00ednh to\u00e1n cho to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng ti. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u1eadn v\u1edbi kinh nghi\u1ec7m. Ng\u00e0y nay k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111ang c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u cao t\u1eeb c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti thu\u1ed9c m\u1ecdi ki\u1ec3u v\u00e0 k\u00edch c\u1ee1, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i: \u201cH\u1ecdc khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eed th\u00ec b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ed1t trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m.\u201d<\/p>\n
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—English version—<\/p>\n
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Information technology careers<\/p>\n
In theory, college students should select their field of study based on their own passion. But how many 18 years old students know what their passion is and which career they should pursue? How many young students have enough information to make a good career decision? How many of them understand the difference between a job and a career? How many know about global job market trends or technology\u00a0 trends? If you have not make a career decision yet, I would advised that you select a field of study in Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) because these are areas that have many potentials in this technology age. I my opinion, the best choice today is Information Technology (Computer Science, Software Engineering, and Information System Management).<\/p>\n
Last week, I received an email from a student who wrote: \u201cYour advices may be good for graduates in the U.S. or Europe but not in my country as I do not see the demand. Most programmers in my country get paid lower than others.\u201d I answered: \u201cInformation Technology (IT) is a broad field with many positions, not just programming. It is needed in every country, not just the U.S. or Europe. As I have taught in China, Japan, S. Korea, India and Europe for many years, I saw demand for college graduates with technology skills was very high and these jobs were growing faster than expected.\u00a0 It was estimated that there will be over 4.5 million new jobs created in information technology between 2015 and 2025. Graduates in IT can work in a wide range of industries, from software to business, from health care and manufacturing to banking and insurance. No matter what specific industry that they select, the job market opportunity is much better when compared to other areas. More than that, if they are fluent in a foreign language such as English, they can work almost anywhere as there is a shortage of people with these skills all over the world.\u201d<\/p>\n
Currently college graduates in Computer Science (CS) and Software Engineering (SE) often work as software developers to write applications focusing on specific industry. Software developers must be skilled in programming languages such as C++, Java, and Python but they must have knowledge of the industry where they work. That means they should know something about banking and financial, manufacturing, or online retailers etc. (Note: There is a difference between programmers who are trained in vocational schools on programming and software developers who are mostly college graduates as their trainings are not the same.)<\/p>\n
CS and SE graduates who also have skills in arts and design often work as Web developers where they build Internet sites for online retails, business operations, and social media etc. Using tools such as HTML, XML, JavaScript and Cascading Style Sheets, they create applications for a website, design visual appearance, and focus on usability and performance. The web development is often divided into two parts: The frontend usually consists of web design aspect where developers are using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript to display the websites for users to interact with. This is the most creative part where artistic display, color organization and design are very important. The backend usually consists of the server, web applications, and a database to collect information using languages such as PHP, Ruby, and Python etc.<\/p>\n
After few years of working experience, many software developers often move up to Systems Analysis, Requirements Engineers positions where they focus on user requirements, business workflow and IT capabilities. They evaluate technical infrastructure, review system efficiency and identify areas for improvements. These positions require an in-depth understanding of specific business areas to improve the efficiency and performance. These positions also require soft-skills as they must work closely with managers and customers.<\/p>\n
Although most positions in software development requires a degree in Computer Science (CS) and Software Engineering (SE) but there is other area that graduates can pursue such as Computer Systems Administrators where they manage information systems and networks to make sure that they are operating smoothly and securely. To get this position, you need a degree in Information System Management (ISM) where you learn more about managing IT equipments ranging from servers, desktop workstations to mobile devices etc. Today many companies are moving their data storage and networks to cloud service providers, as system managers, you need to work with these cloud suppliers to make sure the data transitions are secured and the integration between in-house systems to cloud computing service company is running smoothly.<\/p>\n
Some ISM graduates also work as Information Systems Specialists where they support customers in \u201csoftware as services.\u201d They offer analysis and technical support in a wide range of environments, from government to industries like telecommunications and computer manufacturing. They provide customer services from call centers, or work in a company\u2019s information technology (IT) department helping other employees. Computer support specialists focus on issues with data and communications networks. There is also another excellent position for ISM graduates who prefer to work with data instead of write code such as Database administrators (DBAs) where they define, collect, analyze and manage the vast amounts of data in the company. DBAs are sophisticated position as they can work in many industries, from banking, insurance, manufacturing to retail stores, hospital, and medical insurance etc. To maintain database performance and security, ISM students must have skills in computer security, business intelligence, quality assurance and data warehousing.<\/p>\n
Some Information Technology graduates continue their education to pursue advanced degrees such as Master or Ph.D to be experts in specific technical fields. For example, ISM graduates continue to Master degree in Search Engine to work as Market Analysts use sophisticated statistical methods to help companies improve their marketing and business plans. They evaluate data on consumer trends and competitor strategies to devise proposals for introducing and pricing new products and improve company\u2019s search engine for optimization. Other ISM graduates continue to the Master of Data Science degree to work with big data using computational statistics and design algorithms. They propose data-supported plans in company strategy, public policy, business intelligence and medical information management. They help managers to solve problems in finance, banking, marketing, retail, and manufacturing logistics. They work with industry specialists to use quantitative methods, statistical and data modeling to monitor a company business processes and find potential improvements. There is a rapidly growing demand for big data scientists across the industry from business and finance, e-commerce, government, healthcare, telecommunications and social networking.<\/p>\n
CS and SE graduates can pursue a Master degree in Computer Science or Software Engineering to be the expert in specific fields such as Computer designers to work in computer and electronics manufacturers and develop new technology. The products in development include operating systems for uses ranging from computers to smartphones to cars and robots. These developers may also invent a system\u2019s interface, such as a graphical user interface that permits a human to control a computer. Some may pursue a Master degree in Computer Security where they play an important role in protecting the companies from intrusions. They examine existing IT systems and propose security measures, including fixes for vulnerabilities. In industries like finance and banking, they serve as in-house specialists to cooperate with network administrators and computer systems analysts to set up security policies. Computer security issues happen in every country and cyberattacks are becoming more and more common. As a result, security specialists are needed just about everywhere.<\/p>\n
After several years of working, many information Technology also move up to management and leadership positions range from top-level executives to technical supervisors who oversee day-to-day work in the companies. Software managers may manage software developers while project managers may work with software teams to develop products or applications for companies. Chief Technology Officers (CTOs) manage the computing infrastructure for the whole company. Basically the career advancement is endless with experience. Today information technology skills are in high demand by businesses and companies of every type and size, not just technology companies. My advice: \u201cStudy Information Technology areas and knowing at least one foreign language then you will have good career for many years.\u201d<\/p>\n
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V\u1ec1 l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft, sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111am m\u00ea ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u01b0ng bao nhi\u00eau … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4801","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cong-nghe-thong-tin"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4801","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4801"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4801\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4802,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4801\/revisions\/4802"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4801"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4801"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4801"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}