Trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, sinh vi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb l\u1edbp n\u00e0y sang l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c, v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng nghe b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng, l\u1ea5y ghi ch\u00e9p nhanh ch\u00f3ng r\u1ed3i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1edf l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ebfn t\u1ed1i hay gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp, h\u1ecd \u00f4n l\u1ea1i t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa, l\u00e0m b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0, v\u00e0 xem l\u01b0\u1edbt qua c\u00e1c ghi ch\u00e9p tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00ean gi\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ec7, ng\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 tu\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp tu\u1ea7n. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi thi, sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ghi nh\u1edb nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc nh\u1ed3i nh\u00e9t v\u00e0o v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i, v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadm ch\u00ed th\u1ee9c c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00eam tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi thi \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc. Trong khi thi, sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ed1 nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0ng sau khi thi, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn qu\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1edb. Nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ec7, th\u00e1ng n\u1ecd ti\u1ebfp th\u00e1ng kia v\u00e0 n\u0103m n\u1ecd ti\u1ebfp n\u0103m kia. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111i\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean l\u00e0m l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 qua k\u00ec thi nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn, c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia chuy\u00ean l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u01b0 duy s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t gi\u1ecfi ghi nh\u1edb s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 sao ch\u00e9p m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9.<\/p>\n
Trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1edbi l\u1edbp. Trong l\u1edbp h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, tham gia v\u00e0o th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn, v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c tham gia t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc. Vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9. B\u00e0i thi theo h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf theo ghi nh\u1edb s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n m\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 h\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1edbi l\u1edbp, t\u00f4i bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng cho sinh vi\u00ean m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch n\u0103m c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. T\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1edbp b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn ra v\u00e0i sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ch\u00fang t\u1ed1t. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd b\u1ecb b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbp.<\/p>\n
Trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o gi\u00fap sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c trong l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc. M\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sinh vi\u00ean chia s\u1ebb c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1eeb b\u00e1o ch\u00ed hay websites c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc. Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 cho tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong 5 ph\u00fat v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o gi\u00fap sinh vi\u00ean ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00f3i ch\u1ed7 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i: \u201cL\u00e0m sao th\u1ea7y bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng sinh vi\u00ean \u0111ang h\u1ecdc n\u1ebfu th\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft?\u201d T\u00f4i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u201cT\u00f4i nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o sinh vi\u00ean khi h\u1ecd t\u1edbi l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc. Khi h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc, t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng chia s\u1ebb. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd y\u00ean t\u0129nh, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh th\u00ec t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00ean l\u1edbp hay kh\u00f4ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng chia s\u1ebb c\u00e1i g\u00ec. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i l\u1ea5y h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c cho b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng ng\u1eafn tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecfi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi.\u201d<\/p>\n
Khi sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1edbi l\u1edbp, h\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n vi\u1ec7c truy t\u00ecm t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 tri th\u1ee9c. \u00cdt nh\u1ea5t h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 g\u00ec. Trong l\u1edbp h\u1ecd tham gia v\u00e0o th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng tin v\u1edbi c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c n\u01a1i h\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u hi\u1ec3u nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o. H\u1ecd h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi khi h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3. H\u1ecd h\u1ecdc t\u00ecm c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd h\u1ecdc ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 khi h\u1ecd nghe ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp. Vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam v\u1edbi ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eeb th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o. Qua th\u1eddi gian, sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc. V\u1edbi tri th\u1ee9c nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd th\u00edch h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00f3i quen h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n
Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i sinh vi\u00ean b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t hay hai b\u00e0i thi to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m n\u01a1i sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0m cho sinh vi\u00ean s\u1ee3 h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao sau khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc th\u00eam n\u1eefa. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111ang d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean thay v\u00ec b\u00e0i thi to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0o l\u00fac cu\u1ed1i. V\u1ec1 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, sinh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd c\u00f3 40 t\u1edbi 50 b\u00e0i thi nh\u1ecf trong m\u1ed9t n\u0103m cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i thi h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nh\u1ecbp h\u1ecdc trong l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng sinh vi\u00ean \u0111ang h\u1ecdc h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ng\u1eafn, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho sinh vi\u00ean tri th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. B\u00e0i thi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i \u0111e do\u1ea1 hay c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n
Vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc. Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng n\u00e0y, sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. T\u00f4i bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng khuy\u00ean sinh vi\u00ean ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00f3i quen h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi. Th\u00f3i quen l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi ng\u00e0y, n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c h\u1ecd th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 n\u00f3. T\u00f4i khuy\u00ean r\u1eb1ng sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ki\u1ec3u s\u00e1ch n\u00e0o m\u00e0 h\u1ecd th\u00edch v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch k\u0129 thu\u1eadt. T\u00f4i b\u1ea3o h\u1ecd: \u201cBao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u1ed1 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch mang theo c\u00e1c em m\u1ecdi l\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1c em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc n\u00f3 khi c\u00e1c em c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian. Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 \u201ce-books\u201d m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 v\u00e0i ph\u00fat gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u1ecd v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u01b0\u1eddi hai cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. T\u00f4i c\u0169ng khuy\u00ean h\u1ecd d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 h\u01a1n, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch ngh\u0129. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ai \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c trao \u0111\u1ed5i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 tham gia v\u00e0o th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn, h\u1ecd bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7, sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng n\u1eefa. \u0110\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft m\u00e3. Kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. C\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea3y ra trong \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 piano v\u00e0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i ch\u01a1i piano. Vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n
T\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i: \u201cNg\u00e0y nay vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 xa hoa hay c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c em l\u00e0m khi c\u00e1c em c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00e1c em t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, c\u00e1c em v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1c em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf khi k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c em kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n n\u1eefa. Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00e1c em kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi ai \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c em m\u00e0 v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 l\u00e0m cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u00e0nh nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng ra m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c lan to\u1ea3 r\u1ed9ng sang nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u1eb3ng m\u1ea5y ch\u1ed1c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00e1c em s\u1ebd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi cho n\u00ean c\u00e1c em ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft mong \u0111\u1ee3i c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c em. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 l\u00e0m n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh \u01b0u ti\u00ean trong \u0111\u1eddi c\u00e1c em.\u201d<\/p>\n
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—English version—<\/p>\n
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Learning for life<\/p>\n
In traditional learning method, students often go from one class to another, hurry listening to lecture, take quick notes then repeat the same thing in another class. In the evening or between classes, they review materials, read textbooks, do homeworks, and glance through the notes before going to bed, and these activities becoming routine, day after day and week after week. Before exams, students try to memorize as much facts as possible, some prepare for weeks but many cram at the last few days, few even stay up all night before the exam to study. During the exam, students try to recall as much as possible but after the exam, most forget what they have memorized. These activities become routine, months after months and years after years. Basically what students do is to achieving a short-term goal of passing exams but not developing skills. The results of this type of learning cannot produce innovative professionals, subject matter experts, and entrepreneurs because it does not foster creative thinking and problem solving skills to meet the needs of the fast changing global economy. It only produce people who are very good at memorize facts and copying things.<\/p>\n
In active learning method, students must read the course materials and learn something BEFORE coming to class. During class they must demonstrate their learning by answer questions, participate in discussions, and interact with other students under the guidance of teachers. By actively participate in these learning activities, they understand the course materials more. By learning more they can maintain their interest in the subject. Active learning requires course assessment on a weekly basis to make sure that students are learning and making progress. The active learning exams are not designed on memorizing facts but applying concepts and solving problems to make sure that students not only learn the materials but also can apply them. To ensure students read the materials before coming to class, I always give students a list of three to five questions related to the reading assignments that they must be prepared to answer. I often start the class by select few students to answer these questions. If they read the materials and knowing the questions then they should be able to answer them well. On the contrary, if they do not read the materials and cannot answer questions, they will be embarrassed in front of the class.<\/p>\n
In active learning method, teachers help students to learn by creating a collaborative environment in the classroom. Each day, teachers should ask students to share something that they read from newspapers or websites that are relating to the class subject to connect current events to course material. Major technology trends are good things to start a class discussion. By select students to give a 5 minute presentation on a topic each day, teachers help students to develop their presentation skill and public speaking skill, which are important for their working lives. Last week a friend asked me: \u201cHow do you know that your students are learning if you do not lecture first?\u201d I answered: \u201cI look at students when they come to my classroom. When they are constantly talking with others about the class subject, I know that they have learned something and ready to share. If they are quiet, do not seem enthusiast then I know that some have not read the materials before class or not ready to share anything. In that case I take action by give short lecture before asking questions.\u201d<\/p>\n
When students read materials before coming to class, they begin their learning process by develop an active quest for knowledge. At least they know what they will be learning on that day and what the subject topic is about. In class they participate in discussion and exchange information with other students where they begin to understand more and continue to develop their learning skills under the guidance of teachers. They learn to ask questions when they do not understand something. They learn to find answers for questions base on their understanding. They learn to think of different approach to solve problem when they hear others express their solutions. They learn to evaluate facts and evidences from course materials and class discussion. Their learning is improved further with feedbacks and guidance from teachers. Overtime, students not just knowing the materials but also develop deeper understanding of the course materials. With the insight knowledge, they will love to learn and develop a lifelong learning habit.<\/p>\n
Traditional education often hurts students by having only one or two comprehensive exams at the end of the year where students have to study very hard for many months to pass. It also makes students afraid of learning. That is why after graduated, most students do not want to learn anymore. Active learning method is using weekly assessments to monitor students\u2019 progress instead of a comprehensive exam at the end. Overall, students will have 40 to 50 smaller exams a year so they can measure their own learning on what they know and what they do not know so they can improve their knowledge. Teachers can also use these small weekly exams to adjust the pace of learning in class to make sure that students are learning toward the course objectives. By having a lot of short assessments, it gives students new knowledge that they can use to improve their own learning. Exam is no longer a threat or something to pass but a way for them to actively monitor their learning progress.<\/p>\n
Active learning does not end with school. In this fast changing world, students must update their knowledge constantly. I always advise students to develop a lifelong learning habit. A habit is something students must do every day so it becomes part of their routine that they do not even think about. I recommend that students read at least one book a month. It can be any type of books that they like and do not have to be technical books. I told them: \u201cAlways try to have a book with you all the time so you can read it when you have time. Today there are \u201ce-books\u201d that can be download to computer and just by having a few minutes in-between activities, they can still do some reading and complete one book per month. That is at least twelve books each year. I also recommend them to spend time with friends who are more intellectual, people who like to think. They do not have to be someone special but people who invest their time in learning something new. By frequently exchange information and participate in discussion, they always learn something. However knowing is not enough, students must learn how to apply too. Reading a book on programming is not the same as writing code. No one can learn programming just by reading, they must practice. The same thing happens in music, you do not read book about piano and expect to play the piano. Lifelong learning is not just reading books but also practice what you have learned by applying them in life.<\/p>\n
I often remind my students: \u201cToday lifelong learning is not a luxury or something you do when you have time but a necessity to stay current with the fast changing world. Even when you graduate and have a job, you must continue to learn new things else you may be discarded when your skills are no longer needed. Today you do not compete with someone in your country but with everyone in the world. Globalization makes the world smaller and businesses can expand everywhere with jobs spreading to multiple countries. Soon many of you will work for global companies with offices all over the world so you must know what to expect and set your own career goals. That is why having a career plan can help set the lifelong learning goals and make it a priority in your life.\u201d<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, sinh vi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb l\u1edbp n\u00e0y sang l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c, v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng nghe b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng, l\u1ea5y ghi ch\u00e9p nhanh … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4771","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4771","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4771"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4771\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4772,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4771\/revisions\/4772"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4771"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4771"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4771"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}