Theo m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a M\u0129, c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 275,000 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u00e1y t\u00ednh m\u1edf ra trong th\u00e1ng 4\/2015 nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 tr\u00ean 94,500 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u1ea5p v\u00e0o ch\u00fang. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t l\u1edbn v\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0m tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n. Th\u1ef1c ra, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u00e0y n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p t\u00ednh to\u00e1n (Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin) g\u1ea5p b\u1ed1n l\u1ea7n h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u cho m\u1ecdi ngh\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u0129 t\u1eeb doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u1edbi ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, t\u1eeb ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o t\u1edbi ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00e8m kh\u00e1t v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. M\u1ed9t quan ch\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ea5p cao n\u00f3i: \u201cT\u1eebng n\u0103m ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u mang tr\u00ean 85,000 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n m\u00e1y t\u00ednh t\u1eeb \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c v\u00e0o l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf M\u0129 nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7. \u00cdt nh\u1ea5t ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n 200,000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc M\u0129 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ee7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e1y t\u00ednh th\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c.\u201d<\/p>\n
Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m qua, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o doanh nghi\u1ec7p trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u0129 c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd t\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 tranh c\u00e3i r\u1eb1ng thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i cho t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf M\u0129. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, h\u1ecd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 M\u0129 t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 visa H1B, \u0111i\u1ec1u cho ph\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1edbi v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf M\u0129. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c, tranh c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 visa H1B c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y ra b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Trong khi c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u visa h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7n minh r\u1eb1ng visa n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i l\u1ea5y m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u0129 v\u00e0 tranh c\u00e3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 visa c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a Michael Bloomberg (t\u1ec9 ph\u00fa Ph\u1ed1 Wall v\u00e0 c\u1ef1u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng New York),\u00a0 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh Facebook Mark Zuckerberg, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp Microsoft Bill Gates, gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh Yahoo Marissa Mayer, ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch Google Eric Schmidt, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n
S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111i\u1ec1u cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c \u0111u\u1ed5i k\u1ecbp. Cho n\u00ean c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 M\u0129 s\u1ebd t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh? C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc Khoa h\u1ecdc, C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 To\u00e1n h\u1ecdc (STEM) cho nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111ang t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u0129 \u01b0a th\u00edch h\u1ecdc c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y 13% h\u1ecdc sinh ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c STEM. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: \u201cV\u1edbi ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u00edt h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c l\u1edbp STEM v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai g\u1ea7n, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2020 M\u0129 s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n h\u01a1n 1.5 tri\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh khi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng gi\u00e0 h\u01a1n s\u1ebd v\u1ec1 h\u01b0u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp qu\u1ea3n.\u201d<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n: \u201cKhi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong M\u0129. Nh\u01b0ng khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n mang c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2y, h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u0129. Ng\u00e0y nay d\u1eabn l\u00e1i then ch\u1ed1t cho t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m tr\u1ed1ng. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0m sao ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? Ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 x\u1ea3y ra?\u201d Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch Ph\u1ed1 Wall d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o: \u201cKh\u00f4ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra trong hai n\u0103m t\u1edbi, Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o v\u00ec cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng \u0111ang t\u1edbi g\u1ea7n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean n\u00e0o mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111em c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2y. Nh\u01b0ng sau b\u1ea7u c\u1eed, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 ai s\u1ebd l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea1nh tranh, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cho n\u00ean s\u1ebd c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf c\u1eeda \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 mang nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho nhu c\u1ea7u m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t n\u00e0y.\u201d<\/p>\n
M\u0129 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho nhu c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ban h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch di tr\u00fa \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. V\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u1edf T\u00e2y \u00c2u \u0111ang co l\u1ea1i nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00ec s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n sang c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ea5p \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u, c\u00f3 \u00edt vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m lao \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 cho c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u00f3 k\u1ebd h\u1edf l\u1edbn trong to\u00e0n ch\u00e2u \u00c2u gi\u1eefa k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p. M\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch n\u00f3i: \u201cN\u1ebfu kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111ang c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1ec1 c\u00f9ng ki\u1ec3u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 cho m\u1ecdi n\u01b0\u1edbc cho n\u00ean gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh qu\u00e1 mu\u1ed9n.\u201d Hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111ang ch\u1ecbu s\u1ee9c \u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, nh\u01b0ng m\u1eb7c cho nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c, h\u1ecd \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t ch\u1eadm v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n.<\/p>\n
Th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, Economic Development International association, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean nhanh ch\u00f3ng trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m qua v\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111ang \u0111i t\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u0103ng, khi m\u1ecdi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Brazil c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea9n thi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u00e0y k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng “C\u00f3 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i v\u00e0 n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi: \u201cCu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn t\u00e0i n\u0103ng\u201d n\u01a1i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0103n tr\u1ed9m t\u00e0i n\u0103ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c.\u201d<\/p>\n
Thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i n\u0103ng n\u1ed5 tuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5p v\u00e0o k\u1ebd h\u1edf k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Vi\u1ec7c di tr\u00fa c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, b\u00e1c s\u0129 y t\u1ebf, k\u0129 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t k\u0129 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n sang n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111ang nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n t\u1eebng n\u0103m khi ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9. Nh\u01b0ng ki\u1ebfm h\u1ecd \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec7n, gi\u1eef h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed Ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cLi\u00ean hi\u1ec7p ch\u00e2u \u00c2u c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5p v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ch\u1ed7 tr\u1ed1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ban h\u00e0nh “Th\u1ebb lam” \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n “c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cao” t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c sang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc EU. Nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u00e2u. Sau khi t\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed5i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, nh\u1ea3y t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y sang n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n “th\u1ebb lam” l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf Ph\u00e1p, Italy, v\u00e0 T\u00e2y Ban Nha s\u1ebd nhanh ch\u00f3ng chuy\u1ec3n sang \u0110\u1ee9c hay Anh v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u00edch l\u1ee3i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n
V\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u201cCu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn t\u00e0i n\u0103ng\u201d hay \u201cch\u1ea3y n\u00e3o\u201d s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi vi\u1ec7c m\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi, h\u01a1n 35% c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. N\u1ebfu con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2025 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi 65% v\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd g\u00e2y h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng l\u00ean m\u1ecdi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, n\u01a1i n\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb, doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00edt c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ra kh\u1ecfi ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e2m v\u00e0o th\u1ea3m ho\u1ea1 kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
—English version—<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
The shortage of technology skills<\/p>\n
According to a U.S. report, there are more than 275,000 computer job openings in April 2015 but only over 94,500 computer graduates to fill them. That is a big shortage and it is getting more critical. In fact, the report stated that the demand for computing professionals (Computer Science, Software Engineering, and Information Systems Management) is four times higher than the demand for all other occupations. Companies across the U.S. from business to banking, from manufacturing to healthcare are hungry for computer workers. A senior executive said: \u201cEach year we bring in over 85,000 computer workers from India, China, and other countries to work in the U.S. but it is not enough. At least we need 200,000 or more to keep our economy growing. If U.S. universities cannot produce enough computer graduates then we have to hire graduates from other countries.\u201d<\/p>\n
In the past several years, business leaders in technology industries constantly complained about the lack of computer skilled Americans to meet their demand. They went to Congress to argue that the shortage of technology workers hurt their industry competitiveness and U.S. economic growth. Consequently, they are asking the U.S. Government to increase the number of H1B visas, which allow more skilled foreign workers to come and work in the U.S. But like other issues, the debate over H1B visas is politically contentious. While the industry asks for more visas, politicians argue that visas allow foreign workers to take jobs of Americans and the debate continues. But the effort to increase the number of visas has powerful backing of Michael Bloomberg (Wall Street Billionaire and former Mayor of New York),\u00a0 Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg, Microsoft founder Bill Gates, Yahoo CEO Marissa Mayer, Google Chairman Eric Schmidt, all of whom represent technology companies that need a large number of computer skilled workers.<\/p>\n
The fact is without technology workers, the economy cannot grow which allows other countries to catch up. So the real question is where will the U.S. find enough skilled workers it needs to remain competitive? There are several initiatives to encourage more students to study Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) for the country\u2019s growing need. But more and more Americans prefer to study something else and less than 13% of students select STEM fields. The government report concluded: \u201cWith fewer students taking STEM classes and no change in the near future, this means that by 2020 the U.S. will need more than 1.5 million technology workers because there will not be enough skilled workers to get the businesses operating as older skilled workers will retire without someone taking over.\u201d<\/p>\n
A technology leader complained: \u201cWhen we outsourced technology jobs, people criticized us for not keeping jobs in the U.S. But when we want to bring skilled workers here, they criticize us for allowing foreigners to take the jobs of Americans. Today the key driver for economic growth is technology and there are hundred thousands of unfilled jobs. Without technology workers how do we grow? Where is the technology innovation to make thing happen?\u201d But a Wall Street analyst predicts: \u201cNothing will happen in the next two years, Congress will not make any decision because the presidential election is coming and no candidate would talk about bring in foreign workers here. But after the election, regardless who will be the president, the economy must grow, companies must compete, and businesses must do well and they all need technology skilled workers so there will be a massive open door to bring in a lot of skilled workers to meet these critical needs.\u201d<\/p>\n
The U.S. is not the only country that need technology skilled workers, many Western European countries have already started to respond to this need by issue special immigration policies to ensure the growth of their economy. With globalization, farming and manufacturing jobs in Western Europe are shrinking fast because agricultural produces from Eastern Europe and Asia can be imported easily and manufacturing jobs are moving to lower labor cost countries in Eastern Europe, there are fewer labor jobs available for their citizens. At the same time, there is a big gap across Europe between the technology skills that companies need and the skills that local markets can provide. A politician said: \u201cIf the global economies are competing for the same type of skilled workers, there may not enough for everyone so the only solution is create more of them. That means the education system must change quickly before it is too late.\u201d Currently, European educational systems are under pressure to produce more graduates with the skills demanded by the industry, but despite many attempts, they are changing very slowly and the shortage continues.<\/p>\n
Last month, the Economic Development International association reported that the competition for skilled workers has increased rapidly over the past few years and it is coming at a critical time, when every country is relying more than ever on workers with special skills to differentiate themselves from their competitors. Even large population countries like China, India, and Brazil have urgent need for high-skilled workers to improve their economy. The report concluded that “There are shortages everywhere and it becomes a new global war: \u201cThe war on talents\u201d where country steals talents from others.\u201d<\/p>\n
The global shortage of skilled workers will require country to aggressively recruit workers from other countries to fill its skill gaps. The migration of scientists, medical doctors, engineers and other technically qualified persons from developing countries to developed country is getting serious each year as more and more are being recruited. But getting them there is one thing but keeping them is another challenge. A French manager explained: \u201cThe European Union has new policy to help fill the job vacancies by issue a \u201cBlue Card\u201d to allow \u201chighly educated\u201d workers from other countries to work in EU countries. But many of these workers will not stay long. After getting there, many will change jobs, jumping from one country to another for better wages. Many \u201cBlue Card\u201d workers in France, Italy, and Spain would quickly move to Germany or the UK because they can get higher wages and better benefits.<\/p>\n
For developing countries, the \u201cWar for Talents\u201d or the \u201cbrain drain\u201d will create a devastating effect caused by the loss of their highly skilled workers. Currently, more than 35% of their highly skilled workers are living and working in developed countries. If this number continues, by 2025 it will reach 65% and it will have severe consequences in all developing countries, where it will impact vital sectors such as education, health, business, and technology. Without domestic skilled workers, these countries have less of a chance of developing out of poverty and may get into an economic disaster.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Theo m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a M\u0129, c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 275,000 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u00e1y t\u00ednh m\u1edf ra trong th\u00e1ng 4\/2015 nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 tr\u00ean 94,500 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4766","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4766","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4766"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4766\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4767,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4766\/revisions\/4767"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4766"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4766"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4766"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}