M\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cTh\u1ea7y ngh\u0129 sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1n ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o l\u00e0m g\u00ec?\u201d<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u0110\u00e1p: M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn cho h\u1ecd. Trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1edbi l\u1edbp b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c b\u00e0i b\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng, xem video m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc, hay l\u00e0m b\u00e0i t\u1eadp \u1edf nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc trong l\u1edbp. R\u1ed3i trong l\u1edbp, thay v\u00ec nghe b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng d\u00e0i v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, th\u1eddi gian tr\u00ean l\u1edbp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng cho th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn, hay c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o. \u0110\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng sinh vi\u00ean \u0111ang h\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i cho b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n
B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, sinh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch t\u00edch c\u1ef1c h\u01a1n thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 ng\u1ed3i v\u00e0 nghe. Sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i tham gia v\u00e0o th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o h\u1ecfi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c h\u1ecd th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u0111i t\u1edbi c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1edbi l\u1edbp, r\u1ed3i nghe th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quan tr\u1ecdng, sinh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. H\u1ecd bi\u1ebft kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0o l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn trong l\u1edbp. Nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o th\u00edch ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian tr\u00ean l\u1edbp h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng thay v\u00ec bao qu\u00e1t m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9.<\/p>\n
T\u00f4i bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t website m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ecdc cho t\u1eebng tu\u1ea7n, danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1edbi l\u1edbp, v\u00e0 v\u00e0i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1ecf m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft khi h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. Trong l\u1edbp t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 v\u00e0i ph\u00fat l\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u r\u1ed3i h\u1ecfi sinh vi\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. Th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i qu\u00e3ng hai ph\u1ea7n ba th\u1eddi gian tr\u00ean l\u1edbp. T\u00f4i mong \u0111\u1ee3i sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i h\u1ecdc m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1edbi l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 cho t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quan tr\u1ecdng. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kinh nghi\u1ec7m d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u01a1 s\u1edf theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho n\u00ean th\u1eddi gian tr\u00ean l\u1edbp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn h\u1ecd \u0111i s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n
T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00fac ban \u0111\u1ea7u, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1edbi l\u1edbp, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch ng\u1ed3i v\u00e0 nghe. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 nh\u1ea5t cho h\u1ecd nh\u01b0ng t\u1ef1 h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u201cc\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc\u201d v\u00ec th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o s\u1ebd cho h\u1ecd b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m x\u1ea5u. Sinh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng cho h\u1ecd t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng? T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o ch\u00fang ta qu\u00ean m\u1ea5t r\u1eb1ng sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd s\u1ebd thu l\u1ea5y tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3. Nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o t\u1edbi l\u1edbp v\u1edbi mong \u0111\u1ee3i sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 hi v\u1ecdng sinh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd nhanh ch\u00f3ng qu\u00ean h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng m\u00e3i cho t\u1edbi khi h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 thi. V\u00e0o l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd nh\u1ed3i nh\u00e9t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ec thi r\u1ed3i h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng nh\u1edb m\u1ea5y v\u1ec1 sau. L\u00e0m sao ch\u00fang ta ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 th\u00f3i quen x\u1ea5u n\u00e0y? L\u00e0m sao ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc? L\u00e0m sao ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd nh\u1edb \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y h\u1ecd?<\/p>\n
V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, khi t\u00f4i b\u1ea3o sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 1 v\u00e0 2 trong s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1edbi l\u1edbp nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m. Ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp mong \u0111\u1ee3i r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, t\u00f4i b\u1ecf qua hai ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 3. T\u00f4i gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean b\u1ecb l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n v\u00ec h\u1ecd b\u1ecb l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i. R\u1ed3i t\u00f4i cho l\u1edbp b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean hai ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc hai ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u nhanh ch\u00f3ng l\u00e0m b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Sau \u0111\u00f3, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean theo ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u00ec h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft t\u00f4i s\u1ebd cho b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o v\u00e0 th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi h\u1ecd tham gia v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean l\u1edbp.<\/p>\n
T\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c cho m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng r\u1eb1ng sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra ki\u1ec3u l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i tin r\u1eb1ng sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u00fang c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
—English version—<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Can students learn by themselves?<\/p>\n
A teacher write to me: \u201cDo you think students can learn the course materials on their own using active learning method? If they can then what does teachers do?\u201d<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Answer: Although students can learn course materials on their own but they need teachers to guide them. In Active learning method, students learn the course materials before coming to class by reading assigned articles, watching course videos, or doing homeworks so they have some ideas about what they must learn in class. Then during class, rather than listen to a long lecture and learn the materials for the first time, class time can be used for discussions, or other learning activities under the guidance of teachers. To make sure that students are learning the materials, teachers should give weekly tests to monitor their understanding of the course materials.<\/p>\n
By using active learning method, students will be encouraged to be more active instead of just sit and listen. Students must participate in class discussions because teachers will ask questions and challenging them to discuss and come up with the best answers. By completing some works before coming to class, then hearing the teachers repeating important concepts, students will learn more. They know which concepts are important based on questions and answers and materials discuss during class. Many teachers like this method because they can spend class time focusing on important things rather than cover everything.<\/p>\n
I always set up a course website with reading assignments for each week, a list of questions that students must answer before coming to class, and few small problems that they must solved as they learn the materials. In class I only lecture few minutes at the beginning then ask students questions that they must answer. The discussion often last about two third of class time. I expect my students to learn all the basics before come to class so I can focus on important concepts. Based on my teaching experience, I think that given clear objectives and good reading articles, most students can learn the basics on their own so class time can be used to guide them to go deeper into important things.<\/p>\n
Of course in the beginning, most students do not want to read materials prior going to class, many prefer just to sit and listen. It is easier that way for them but they need to learn \u201chow to learn\u201d themselves because teachers will give them tests, and if they cannot answer, they will receive bad grade. Students will not learn to be active unless teachers give them the materials and encourage them to learn. It is difficult at first, but is there another better way? I think as teachers we forget that students not only need to learn the material, they must also learn how to make decisions about what they need to know and how they will acquire that knowledge. Many teachers come to class expecting students to be unprepared and they lecture and hope students will learn. The fact is students may learn a little but they will quickly forget most of the lecture until they have to study for the exams. At that time they will cram as much as possible just to past exams then they will not remember much afterward. How do we break this bad habit? How do we make them study? How do we make them remember what we taught them?<\/p>\n
Few years ago, when I told students to read chapter 1 and 2 in the textbook before coming class but only few did. The rest of the class expected that I will lecture on those chapters. But to their surprised, I skipped these two chapters and started with chapter 3. I pretended not to notice that many students were confused because they got lost and embarrassed. Then I gave the class a test based on the first two chapters as a test of their understanding. Those who read the first two chapters quickly worked on the test but most could not. After that, most students followed my instructions carefully as they knew I will give test without warning and then their behavior began to change as they were engaging in class activities.<\/p>\n
I believe that by giving clear objectives that students have to learn the material on their own, we are fostering the skills and attitudes that they need to become life-long learners. But to create this type of active learning classroom requires that teachers must believe that students can learn the course materials by themselves under the proper guidance and support of teachers.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
M\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cTh\u1ea7y ngh\u0129 sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1n ph\u00e1p … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4742","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4742","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4742"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4742\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4743,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4742\/revisions\/4743"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4742"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4742"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4742"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}