Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng Khoa h\u1ecdc, C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 To\u00e1n h\u1ecdc (STEM) l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4n kh\u00f3 d\u1ea1y. Trong khi ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh th\u00fa v\u1ecb h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n
T\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi l\u00ed do li\u00ean quan (T\u1ea0I SAO) \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho sinh vi\u00ean ch\u00fa \u00fd. Li\u00ean quan l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 th\u00fa v\u1ecb cho h\u1ecdc sinh. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec khi h\u1ecd \u0111i l\u00e0m? M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i sai l\u1ea7m g\u00ec v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3? \u00dd \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u00ednh t\u00f2 m\u00f2 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi v\u1eabn c\u00f2n n\u00f3ng s\u1ed1t cho t\u00e2m tr\u00ed h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00ed ho\u00e0i v\u00e0i tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti. T\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1edbp b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecfi: \u201cBao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00e1c em \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i b\u00e1o \u201cd\u1ef1 \u00e1n ABCD\u201d trong b\u00e1o ra h\u00f4m nay?\u201d Sau khi v\u00e0i sinh vi\u00ean gi\u01a1 tay, t\u00f4i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c: \u201cEm n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea7y v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ABCD?\u201d T\u00f4i ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft b\u00e0i b\u00e1o r\u1ed3i h\u1ecfi: \u201cV\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ea1i ABCD l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\u201d T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 cho v\u00e0i sinh vi\u00ean n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1ed3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1edbp: \u201cB\u00e2y gi\u1edd, ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn th\u00eam v\u00e0o v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y.\u201d \u0110\u1ebfn l\u00fac n\u00e0y, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc th\u00eam.<\/p>\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u1ed5ng quan (C\u00c1I G\u00cc) m\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, t\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa \u201cV\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n\u201d (Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u, L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, Th\u1ef1c thi, Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f3ng) v\u00e0 \u201cV\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m\u201d (Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, Vi\u1ebft m\u00e3, Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0a ra) \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng sinh vi\u00ean hi\u1ec3u c\u1ea3 hai kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa hai kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y. Sau \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft (TH\u1ebe N\u00c0O). Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, pha Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u khi ai \u0111\u00f3 trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n; hay \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1edbi t\u1eeb kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh khi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 hay ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Pha l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n (nh\u01b0, hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u, chi ph\u00ed, t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v.v.) Pha th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m, ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n. Pha ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch. Vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh khi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Pha \u0111\u00f3ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u khi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. Trong pha n\u00e0y, t\u1ed5 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n,\u2009c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111i \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111i sai,\u2009v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u00fang cho c\u00e1c b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc r\u00fat ra cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n
Th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u00e0y. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1edb c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd nghe c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng b\u1ecb qu\u00ean \u0111i. Th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o c\u1ea7n ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n sinh vi\u00ean bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i ch\u00fang nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n trong th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp. T\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e1c k\u00ed do (T\u1ea0I SAO) v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng quan c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7n (C\u00c1I G\u00cc) r\u1ed3i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sinh vi\u00ean th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, t\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti ABCD kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra trong c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y? T\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n? Sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111i t\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c l\u00ed do l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n (nh\u01b0, l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch k\u00e9m, thi\u1ebfu ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, qu\u00e1 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ee3 m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v.v.) R\u1ed3i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi v\u00e8 l\u00e0m sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng tin c\u1eady v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n? Sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111i t\u1edbi c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u00f3m gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay t\u1ed5 ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh. Th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn n\u00ean \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay t\u1ed5 ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u00e1o c\u00e1o sai d\u1ef1 \u00e1n do ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0m. Sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a tin c\u1eady gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng ti, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn b\u00e1o c\u00e1o. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti b\u1ecf qua nh\u1eefng tin x\u1ea5u. Sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00f3i th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00ean l\u1eafng nghe ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 coi tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eefng tin x\u1ea5u. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m, c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean s\u1ebd ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u00e1o tin x\u1ea5u m\u00e3i cho t\u1edbi khi c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 x\u1ea5u x\u1ea3y ra, nh\u01b0 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti ABCD.<\/p>\n
T\u00f4i bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng tin r\u1eb1ng sinh vi\u00ean n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1edb s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0 duy ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch b\u1ea5t k\u00ec t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc qua h\u00e0nh, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng l\u1eafng nghe, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o c\u00f4ng phu v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o d\u1ea1y tr\u00ean l\u1edbp. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch sinh vi\u00ean v\u1eabn c\u00f2n h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0 tham gia trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin l\u00e2u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n
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—English version—<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Teaching STEM<\/p>\n
Most teachers know that Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) are difficult subjects to teach. While we cannot change the materials, we can change how we teach to make them more interesting for students to learn.<\/p>\n
I often start my class with the relevant reason (WHY) to keep students to pay attention. Relevance is something that is meaningful and interesting to the students. For example what problems they may face when they go to work? What mistakes people often make and why they are doing it? The intent is to let them know the reason why they need to learn the materials. To foster their curiosity and interest, I use current newspapers articles that are still fresh on their minds to explain why they need to know the materials. For example, few days ago there was a story about a big company that wasted several million dollars because owner did not know what happened in the company\u2019s project. I started the class by asking: \u201cHow many of you have read about \u201cABCD project\u201d article in the newspapers today?\u201d After few students raised their hands, I continued: \u201cCan anyone tell me about the ABCD project problems?\u201d I selected a student to summarize the article then asked: \u201cWhat is the problem at ABCD?\u201d I let several students to talk about the problem then started the class: \u201cNow, let us looking more into this project management problem.\u201d By this time, most students were already interested to learn more.<\/p>\n
The next step is to explain the overview concepts (WHAT) that students need to know. For example, I explained the differences between the \u201cProject management life cycle\u201d (Initiation, Planning, Execution, Controlling and Closing) and the \u201cSoftware development life cycle\u201d (Requirements, Design, Code, Test and Release) to make sure that students understood both concepts as well as the differences between the two. After that, I focused on the detail (HOW). For example, Initiation phase begins when someone in an organization has a project idea; or the idea may come from customers. Initiation is complete when a preliminary requirements or scope statement have been prepared and a project manager has been assigned to the project. Planning phase begins with the development of the project plan (i.e., charter, requirements, schedule, estimates, costs, resources etc.) Execution phase cannot begin until the project plan is reviewed, approved and resources are available. Controlling phase is the act of making sure that the work being executed according to the plan. Controlling is complete when the final product meets the requirements and quality standards. Closing phase begins when the product is accepted by customers and all necessary paperworks are completed. During this phase, project team must discuss what they have learned in the project,\u2009what went right and what went wrong,\u2009and document them for future lessons learned.<\/p>\n
Teachers must be conscious that not all students understand the materials well at this time. They may not remember the important factors and what they hear may get quickly forgotten. Teachers need to select some important facts that they want students to know and repeat them several times during class discussions. I often review the reasons (WHY) and the overview concepts (WHAT) then ask students to discuss in detail to ensure that they really understand the materials. For example, why ABCD company owners did not know about what happened in his company? Why they cannot rely on managers to accurately report project status? Students must come up with answers such as the reasons that cause project managers to lie about project status. (i.e., Bad planning, lack of controlling, overrun budget, low quality, and they are afraid of losing job etc.) The question then be asked on how do company owner monitors project performance, if they do not trust project managers? Students must come up with answers such as develop monitoring groups such as quality assurance or audit team. The discussion should get into the issue of what happen if quality assurance or audit team cannot overcome the effects of project misreporting by project managers. Students must understand the importance of trust between people who report project status and company leaders who receive the reports. The last question for discussion could be on what happen when company owners ignore bad news. Students must be able to articulate about how leaders should listen to their people and take the bad news seriously. If they do not, employees will be reluctant to report bad news until something really bad happened, such as in the case of ABCD Company.<\/p>\n
I always believe that students should be required to do more than just remember facts. They should develop critical thinking to analyze any situation and apply their knowledge to do meaningful things. They must learn by doing, they must learn by listening, they must learn by discussing so they can explain and elaborate the concept further than what teachers teach in class. By having an active learning environment, it will encourage students to stay focused and engaged throughout the learning process and retain the information longer.<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng Khoa h\u1ecdc, C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 To\u00e1n h\u1ecdc (STEM) l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4n kh\u00f3 d\u1ea1y. Trong khi … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4736","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4736","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4736"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4736\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4737,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4736\/revisions\/4737"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4736"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4736"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4736"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}