Trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0o truy\u1ec1n th\u1ee5 tri th\u1ee9c t\u1eeb th\u1ea7y sang tr\u00f2. Nguy\u00ean l\u00ed l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: \u201cTh\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y, v\u00e0 tr\u00f2 h\u1ecdc.\u201d C\u00e1ch th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y; c\u00e1ch tr\u00f2 h\u1ecdc tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a tr\u00f2. Th\u1ea7y \u0111o tr\u00f2 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao nhi\u00eau b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho tr\u00ean l\u1edbp; tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111o sinh vi\u00ean thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri th\u1ee9c th\u1ebf n\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c k\u00ec thi h\u00e0ng n\u0103m.<\/p>\n
Ng\u00e0y nay vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y l\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ea7y l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ee5 tri th\u1ee9c. Th\u1ea7y ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a tr\u00f2. Vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ea7y ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y tr\u00ean l\u1edbp. Sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u1edbi v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc; c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa sinh vi\u00ean xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean \u1edf th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. Sinh vi\u00ean v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 m\u1ea1nh ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. Sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecdc nhanh h\u01a1n sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u m\u1ecdi sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng k\u00ec thi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y cho n\u00ean th\u1ea7y ph\u1ea3i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ch\u00fang t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng khi h\u1ecd d\u1ea1y.<\/p>\n
Nguy\u00ean l\u00ed c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y bao g\u1ed3m ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1: M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1. Vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n khi th\u1ea7y \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eebng m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0, tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc.) Th\u1ea7y ph\u1ea3i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp n\u00e0y (nh\u01b0, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ea7n c\u00f3, s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa, th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp v.v.) v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 sinh vi\u00ean \u0111ang h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t th\u1ebf n\u00e0o (nh\u01b0, b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra, b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0, b\u00e0i b\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft.)<\/p>\n
V\u00ec c\u00f3 c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau trong sinh vi\u00ean v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc cho n\u00ean th\u1ea7y ph\u1ea3i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u1eb7t ra mong \u0111\u1ee3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u1eddng minh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp (nh\u01b0, tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u00e0 th\u1ea7y mong \u0111\u1ee3i sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc) sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd d\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Th\u1ea7y ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho sinh vi\u00ean v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc (nh\u01b0, vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 l\u1edbp, vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng laptop v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh trong l\u1edbp, v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u1ec1 sau) \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh xung \u0111\u1ed9t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ea3y sinh. Vi\u1ec7c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng t\u01b0\u1eddng minh s\u1ebd d\u1eabn t\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cho m\u1ecdi sinh vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n
Vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 bao g\u1ed3m \u01b0u ti\u00ean ho\u00e1 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 th\u1ea7y mu\u1ed1n d\u1ea1y. Th\u1ea7y ph\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1y c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o trong m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u00edch c\u1ee1 l\u1edbp, n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ea7y c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00f4 \u00fd th\u1ee9c d\u1ea1y c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 nh\u01b0ng sinh vi\u00ean ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 tri th\u1ee9c cho n\u00ean sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n. Th\u1ea7y hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch chia nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1eebng m\u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3i chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 cho sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, sinh vi\u00ean ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t trong h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn h\u1ecd ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea3 th\u1ea7y v\u00e0 tr\u00f2 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n
Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 sinh vi\u00ean tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c. Sinh vi\u00ean tr\u1ebb ng\u00e0y nay \u01b0a th\u00edch c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng. H\u1ecd quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea7y gi\u00e0 h\u01a1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra k\u1ebd h\u1edf gi\u1eefa phong c\u00e1ch d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean. C\u00e1c th\u1ea7y gi\u00e0 h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 (Laptop, \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh v.v.) trong l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc, trong khi sinh vi\u00ean th\u00edch d\u00f9ng ch\u00fang m\u1ecdi l\u00fac. Khi k\u1ebd h\u1edf gi\u1eefa ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 phong c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean r\u1ed9ng ra h\u01a1n, vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00ec c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y gi\u00e0 h\u01a1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n
Trong khi t\u00f4i d\u1ea1y \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nghe c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y gi\u00e0 h\u01a1n ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n r\u1eb1ng sinh vi\u00ean ng\u00e0y nay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 sinh vi\u00ean trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. T\u00f4i nghe n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 gi\u1ecfi; qu\u00e1 l\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1ecb sao l\u00e3ng. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft li\u1ec7u sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean m\u1edbi g\u00e2y ra xung \u0111\u1ed9t n\u00e0y hay li\u1ec7u phong c\u00e1ch d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. D\u00f9 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec, \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y v\u00e0 tr\u00f2 \u0111ang \u0111i theo c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y gi\u00e0 h\u01a1n, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 quen d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng cho sinh vi\u00ean thay v\u00ec d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian cho th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn h\u1ecd. Sinh vi\u00ean tr\u1ebb mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia v\u00e0o trong th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp qua c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp, th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. V\u00ec \u01b0a th\u00edch v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch sinh vi\u00ean \u0111ang h\u1ecdc b\u00e2y gi\u1edd. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn d\u1ea1y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng cho c\u1ea3 th\u1ea7y v\u00e0 tr\u00f2.<\/p>\n
Khi t\u00f4i d\u1ea1y \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cV\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 gi\u00e0 h\u01a1n ch\u01b0a v\u1ec1 h\u01b0u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf. Th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang b\u1ecb si\u1ebft l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u00edt h\u01a1n. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n l\u1edbn l\u00ean sau chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c r\u1ea5t ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed quan tr\u1ecdng trong m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng ti v\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng r\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 70 v\u00e0 80 nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang tr\u1edf n\u00ean gi\u00e0 h\u01a1n qua t\u1eebng n\u0103m v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c v\u1eabn \u1edf l\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111ang ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n\u00a0c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kinh t\u1ebf \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i trong s\u1ef1 t\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecdng n\u00e0y h\u00e0ng th\u1eadp k\u1ec9 trong khi Trung Qu\u1ed1c, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, \u0110\u00e0i Loan \u0111ang l\u00e0m c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 kinh t\u1ebf. Cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh n\u0103m 2007 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 h\u01b0u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn treo b\u00e1m v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n.\u201d<\/p>\n
Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng n\u00e0y, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kho\u00e1 t\u1ea1o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y t\u00edch c\u1ef1c l\u00e0 m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e0y. L\u00e0 nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i d\u00f9ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
—English version—<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Effective teaching<\/p>\n
In the past, teaching was focusing mostly on the transfer of knowledge from teachers to students. The principle was simple: \u201cTeachers teach, and students learn.\u201d How teachers teach depends on the skills of the teachers; how students learn depends on the efforts of the students. Teachers measure how much students learn by given tests in class; schools measure how students acquire knowledge by annual examinations.<\/p>\n
Today teaching is more complex and requires teachers to do more than just transfer knowledge. Teachers must focus on the teaching effective, efficient, and create the conditions that support the learning of students. Effective teaching requires teachers to know something about students and using that knowledge to improve classroom teaching. College students come in with variety of background. For example, students\u2019 family backgrounds can influence how they learn; there is a difference between students who come from an educated family and students who are the first generation that go to college. Students with strong motivation approach learning differently than students who are without learning goals. Students with prior knowledge learn faster than students without adequate foundation. Although all students must pass certain exams to go to college but no one can measure all of these factors so teachers must design their courses and adjust them accordingly as they teach.<\/p>\n
The principles of teaching consist of three factors: Learning objectives, instructional activities, and assessments. Teaching is more effective when teachers set clear learning objectives at the beginning of each course (i.e., the knowledge and skills that students must learn by the end of a course.) Teachers must design instructional activities to support these learning objectives (e.g., course materials, required readings, textbooks, class discussions, etc.) and assess the progress on how well students are learning (e.g., tests, homeworks, written papers.)<\/p>\n
Since there are different views among students about learning so teachers must be clear when they set the expectations explicitly to help students learn better. By understand the learning objectives (i.e., the knowledge and skills that teachers expect students to have by the end of a course) students can set target and monitor their progress along the way. Teachers must inform students about classroom conduct (e.g., class participation, laptop and smartphones use in class, and late assignment) to avoid conflicts that may arise. Being explicitly clear will leads to a productive learning environment for all students.<\/p>\n
Effective teaching involves prioritizing the materials that teachers want to teach. Teachers must decide what to teach and what not to be included in a course base on class size, students\u2019 backgrounds and experiences, and learning objectives that can be accomplished. Some teachers unconsciously tend to teach something that they know so well but students do not yet have sufficient knowledge so they may be confused. Effective teachers know how to break complex tasks into smaller pieces and explain each piece independently before elaborate how these pieces can be connect together so students can easily understand. In active learning method, students are responsible for their own learning, but teachers are critical in guiding them to think and to apply what they have learned. Therefore, both teachers and students must be actively working together to make learning happens.<\/p>\n
The most challenging in classroom today is for young students to relate to teachers from a different era. Young students today prefer a practical approach to teaching as opposed to lecturing. They are familiar with technology and all the latest tools but for many older teachers, this creates a gap between their teaching style and students’ way of learning. Older teachers do not like to have technology (Laptop, smartphones etc.) in the classroom, while students like to use them all the time. As the gap between teaching method and student learning styles widens, student learning may suffer. It could also explain the resistance to change in education systems as older teachers control the curriculum and the direction of the school systems.<\/p>\n
During my teaching in Asia, I have heard older teachers complained that today’s students are not as respectful as those of the past. I heard about students not being good enough; too lazy, and too easily to get distracted. I do not know whether students want different teaching method is causing the conflicts or whether teacher\u2019s style of teaching is causing the issue. Whatever the cause, it is clear that expectations of teachers and students are going in different direction. The problem is most schools have a generation of older teachers who used to lecturing to students instead of spent time to discuss and guide them. Young students want to be engaged in the classroom through exercises, discussions and questions and answers. Since student preferences for learning have changed, and it is important to have teachers who relate to the way students are learning now. By continuing a lecture-based teaching approach, schools continue to increase frustration for both teachers and students.<\/p>\n
When I taught in Japan, a professor explained: \u201cThe issue of the older generation not retiring is not limited to the education systems but affects the whole economy itself. Our younger generation is being squeezed to compete for fewer and fewer jobs. We have a generation of workers who grew up after the war and they worked very hard to rebuild Japan. Many of them are still working and hold important positions in every company and they do not want to change. They have been very successful in the 70s and 80s but they are reluctant to let go of their control. Our workforce is growing older each year and staying in jobs prevents the progression of younger generations. That is why there is an increase in economic uncertainty in Japan and we have been staying in this stagnation for decades when China, S. Korea, Taiwan are making economic progress. The financial crisis in 2007 caused many to conclude they could not retire so many is still hanging on to their jobs and our young people struggle.\u201d<\/p>\n
In the fast changing world, education is the key enable to produce a strong workforce, and effective teaching is critical to meet this objectives. As educators, we need to address this issue to ensure our young generations have a chance to using their skills to make the world a better place.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0o truy\u1ec1n th\u1ee5 tri th\u1ee9c t\u1eeb th\u1ea7y sang tr\u00f2. Nguy\u00ean l\u00ed l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: \u201cTh\u1ea7y … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4730","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4730","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4730"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4730\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4731,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4730\/revisions\/4731"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4730"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4730"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4730"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}