Ng\u00e0y nay gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 xa hoa m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m h\u01a1n \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n tu\u1ef3 v\u00e0o l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p ra. C\u00f3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 Khoa h\u1ecdc, C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 To\u00e1n h\u1ecdc (STEM) v\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p trong Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, S\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u, L\u1ecbch s\u1eed, V\u0103n h\u1ecdc, hay nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. C\u00f3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean tham d\u1ef1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u00edt n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ed1t trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n
Khi l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u00f4i d\u1ea1y \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 n\u0103m 2004, sinh vi\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3i cho t\u00f4i m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn: \u201cKh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb9n h\u00f2; Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng CNTT, kh\u00f4ng h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n.\u201d V\u00e0o l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng sau khi suy ngh\u0129, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 logic. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai t\u1ed1t; v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4 g\u00e1i n\u00e0o s\u1ebd h\u1eb9n h\u00f2 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Th\u1ee9 hai, v\u00ec CNTT l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4 g\u00e1i n\u00e0o s\u1ebd l\u1ea5y b\u1ea1n n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kho\u00e1 cho h\u1eb9n h\u00f2 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00f4 g\u00e1i, ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong CNTT, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n. C\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean c\u0169ng b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1eadc ph\u1ee5 huynh \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n \u0111i ch\u01a1i v\u1edbi con g\u00e1i h\u1ecd l\u00e0 anh ta v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai t\u1ed1t; nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 CNTT, t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n
Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m h\u01a1n trong STEM v\u00ec to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p sang Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Th\u00f4ng tin n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 chi ph\u1ed1i m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9. Khi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00e0ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i h\u01a1n, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111ang t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m h\u01a1n, tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n then ch\u1ed1t thay cho v\u1ed1n. Trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 d\u1ea7u, kh\u00ed v\u00e0 kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, v\u00ec ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o. Trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea7u nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng (v\u1ed1n) v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (d\u1ea7u, kh\u00ed, kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n) hay ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o (\u00f4 t\u00f4, \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, m\u00e1y m\u00f3c v.v.). Nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea7u nh\u1ea5t h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft trong khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 (ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng v.v.) T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd (Bill Gates, Steve Jobs, Mark Zuckerberg v.v.) \u0111\u1ec1u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f4ng ti d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tri th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n v\u1edbi \u00edt ti\u1ec1n (trong ga ra hay k\u00ed t\u00fac x\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc.)<\/p>\n
Khi t\u00f4i d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 STEM \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi y t\u1ebf, nha khoa v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1ee3c khoa. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a duy nh\u1ea5t. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi trong khu v\u1ef1c STEM v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u c\u1ea7n ch\u1ecdn l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m, khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 y t\u1ebf m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u00e0i v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c STEM m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec1 tuy\u1ec7t h\u1ea3o. Ng\u00e0y nay k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ra ti\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 y t\u1ebf. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng r\u1ed3i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 Google hay Facebook, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tri\u1ec7u ph\u00fa hay t\u1ec9 ph\u00fa trong v\u00f2ng v\u00e0i n\u0103m.<\/p>\n
Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m d\u1ea1y \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft t\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c STEM hay v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean \u0111ang quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c STEM nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c STEM y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sinh vi\u00ean chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1edbm. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u, t\u01b0 duy ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Ng\u00e0y nay h\u1ecdc sinh trung h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ea5y cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00f3i quen \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m! Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c STEM \u0111\u1ec1u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc. V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00f4i \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c, m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i: \u201cNg\u00e0y nay thanh ni\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch \u0111\u1ecdc. H\u1ecd s\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 v\u00e0i tr\u0103m trang; h\u1ecd th\u00edch \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec7n tranh nh\u01b0 \u201cJapanese Anime\u201d hay s\u00e1ch v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh. T\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m s\u00e2u s\u1eafc. Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu t\u01b0 duy s\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0 duy ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t trong khu v\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0 duy ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c logic t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c STEM v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 h\u1ecdc sao ch\u00e9p m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1i g\u00ec.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c STEM, sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00f3i quen \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ed1t. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch g\u00e2y h\u1ee9ng kh\u1edfi cho h\u1ecd; s\u00e1ch l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd ngh\u0129; s\u00e1ch l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft,\u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0 duy ph\u1ebf ph\u00e1n v\u00e0 logic. Trong l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u1edf Carnegie Mellon, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean ch\u00e2u \u00c1. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t \u1edf trung h\u1ecdc, \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra cao nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t. M\u00f4n \u201cC\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u\u201d c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc qu\u00e3ng 20 b\u00e0i b\u00e1o m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n hay qu\u00e3ng 150 trang. S\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa c\u00f3 22 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u1ed7i ch\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u00e3ng 70 trang v\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc 2 t\u1edbi 3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n hay 200 trang. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc 300 t\u1edbi 350 trang m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ch\u00fang. V\u00ec t\u1eebng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1edbp. Sinh vi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n: \u201cT\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang em ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u trang th\u1ebf? Th\u1ea7y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft n\u00f3 cho ch\u00fang em \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng?” T\u00f4i b\u1ea3o h\u1ecd: \u201cKhi c\u00e1c em \u0111i l\u00e0m, c\u00e1c em c\u00f3 b\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c em cho c\u00e1c em \u00edt c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng? Hay c\u00e1c em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c em r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c em s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 100 d\u00f2ng m\u00e3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng?”<\/p>\n
Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean ng\u00e0y nay do ti vi, phim \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 Internet. Nhi\u1ec1u thanh ni\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch thay v\u00ec th\u1ebf h\u1ecd \u01b0a th\u00edch xem phim hay ch\u01a1i videogames. \u0110i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ra l\u00e0 phim \u1ea3nh, truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 videogames l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n trong khi s\u00e1ch cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. Trong l\u00fac ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00f3i quen \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. C\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c STEM c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef khoa h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00f3i quen \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o hi\u1ec3u th\u1ea5u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn. T\u00f4i khuy\u00ean r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1ecdc sinh trung h\u1ecdc n\u00ean d\u00e0nh \u00edt nh\u1ea5t n\u1eeda gi\u1edd m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u01a1i b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd ra v\u1edbi c\u00e1c phong c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng m\u1edbi. C\u00f3 t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng t\u1ed1t l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1nh d\u1eabn t\u1edbi th\u00f3i quen \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00ec trong khi \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch khoa h\u1ecdc, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01a1i ra cho nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb m\u1edbi m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n bi\u1ebft s\u1edbm nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb s\u1ebd gi\u00fap cho b\u1ea1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i n\u00e0y. Bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb c\u0169ng cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ef1 b\u1ea1n di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t l\u01b0u lo\u00e1t h\u01a1n do v\u1eady c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn k\u0129 n\u0103ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. \u0110\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 s\u00e2u s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o trong n\u00e3o, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00fac tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u00fac l\u00e0nh v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 duy ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n v\u00e0 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n
Theo m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Pennsylvania, nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t trong \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc; nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m cao nh\u1ea5t trong m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch chung: T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u00f3i quen \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t t\u1eeb h\u1ed3i c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, Ts. Stanberry k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tham gia t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m cao trong b\u00e0i thi, th\u00f4ng minh cao h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc n\u00e2ng cao tri th\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd d\u00f9ng b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd ngh\u0129 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 do \u0111o n\u00e2ng cao th\u00f4ng minh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. V\u00ec s\u00e1ch gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 tr\u00ed nh\u1edb v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0m cho d\u1ec5 h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 gi\u1eefa l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1, do v\u1eady tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0m cho sinh vi\u00ean th\u00f4ng th\u00e1i h\u01a1n v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 sau trong \u0111\u1eddi.\u201d<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c STEM c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00ec ch\u00fang y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tri th\u1ee9c to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9. Nh\u01b0ng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u00f3i quen \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t. Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t trong c\u00e1c l\u1edbp STEM th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 v\u1ed1n t\u1eeb ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u tu\u1ea7n v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch khoa h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb b\u1ecf. Nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t hi\u1ebfm khi d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng phong ph\u00fa trong \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 n\u0103ng n\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecdc sinh trung h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i: \u201cEm chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c STEM th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?”L\u1eddi c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0: \u201cX\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00f3i quen \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n.\u201d<\/p>\n
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—English version—<\/p>\n
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How to prepare for science and technology fields<\/p>\n
Today a college education is not a luxury but necessity. It is difficult to get a good job unless you go to college. There are more job opportunities in every country but it depends on your field of study and which school that you graduated from. There are differences in salaries between students who study Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) and students who graduate in Art, Drama, History, Literature, or Social Study. There are differences in salaries between students who attend top universities and students who go to lesser known universities. To ensure that you will have good career in the future, selecting fields of study in good universities is very important.<\/p>\n
When I first taught in India in 2004, students there told me about a popular phrase: \u201cNo college, No dating; No IT degree, No married.\u201d At that time I laughed but after some thinking, I found it logical. First, if you do not go to college, you do not have good future; and no girl will date a person without a future. Second, since IT is the best job in India, no girl will marry you if you do not have a good job. This expresses how important go to college is because it is the key for dating a girl, getting a job in IT, and also getting married. Students also told me that the first thing Indian parents often ask a man who wants to go out with their daughter is what college he goes to. The top colleges such as Indian Institutes of Technology means the man is smart and have good future; but if he studies IT, his future is guarantee.<\/p>\n
Today there are more job opportunities in STEM because the whole world is transitioning from the Industrial Age into the Information Age where technology dominates everything. As the world is more global and connected, technology is creating more job opportunities, knowledge and skills are becoming key assets instead of capital. In the industrial age, capital is important to build businesses and manufacturing products using natural resources such as oil, gas and minerals. But with technology, everything changes, as innovation is the product of the brain power. In the Industrial age, the richest people are people who control finance, bank (Capital) and natural resources (Oil, gas, minerals) or manufacturing (cars, engines, machineries etc.). But today the richest people are mostly in technology areas (Hardware, software, telecommunications etc.) All of them (Bill Gates, Steve Jobs, Mark Zuckerberg etc.) build companies based on technology knowledge from a very humble places with little money (In the garage or university dormitory.)<\/p>\n
When I lecture about STEM in Asia, people often equate that to Medicine, Dental and Pharmacy. Traditionally these are great fields to study but these are not the only choices. There are many excellent fields in STEM areas and understand which field to select requires some investigation on the future job opportunities. For example, Actuarial science, computer science, statistics and analytics, software engineering, electronics engineering, information system management, biotechnology, and medical technology are just few examples of STEM fields that can lead to excellent careers. Today experienced software engineers can make as much as medical doctors. Software people, who work for successful startups that become giant companies such as Google or Facebook, could become millionaire or billionaire within few years.<\/p>\n
For many years of teaching in Asia, I found that most students did not have good understanding about STEM fields or what is happening in the industry. Students did not have enough information to make good choices and parents did not have knowledge of the global job market. There were many students who are interested in STEM fields but do not know how to prepare. Basically STEM fields require students to prepare early. This means students must have strong basic skills such as reading comprehension, critical thinking and problem solving. Today high school students do not read much so they do not develop good reading habit. That is a mistake! Most STEM fields require a lot of reading, especially scientific reading because there are many things they need to know to build a solid foundation. Few years ago when I was in China, a professor told me: \u201cToday young people do not like to read. They are afraid to read book that has few hundred pages; they prefer to read comic books like \u201cJapanese Anime\u201d or books with a lot of pictures. Their thinking is not deep enough to comprehend profound concepts. The lack of deep thinking leads to failure in developing critical thinking, which is essential in scientific areas. Without critical thinking, they cannot develop good logic to solve problems and innovate. That is why we did not do well in STEM fields and could not catch up with the West. Basically we only learn to copy things without develop anything.\u201d<\/p>\n
To succeed in STEM fields, students must have strong basic foundation before going to college. It means they should read more to develop good reading habit. But reading alone is not good enough. They must read books that inspire them; books that make them think; books that make them wonder, to develop critical and logical thinking. In my classes at Carnegie Mellon, there are many Asian students. Most have excellent grades in high schools, highest test scores but their key weakness is many do not read well. My \u201cNew technologies in the global world\u201d course requires students to read about 20 articles per week or about 150 pages. The textbook has 22 chapters, each is about 70 pages and students must read 2 to 3 chapters per week or 200 pages. That means they must read 300 to 350 pages per week and understand them well. Since each chapter is built upon the previous chapters, without a comprehensive knowledge, students may not pass the class. Students often complain: \u201cWhy do we have to read so many pages?\u201d Can you summarize it to us? I told them: \u201cWhen you go to work, would you tell your manager to give you less work? Or can you tell your customers that you will only code no more than 100 lines of code a day?\u00a0”<\/p>\n
Reading is the key weakness of many students today due to television, movies, and the Internet. Many young people do not like to read book instead they prefer to watch movie or play videogames. What they do not realize is movies, television, and videogames make them more passive while books allow them to think and to actively imagine. In a time where most people are consumed by technological advances, it is essential that students must read constantly to develop a good reading habit to prepare for the future. STEM fields have many new scientific terminologies and profound concepts, without good reading habit it would be impossible to comprehend these terms in a short time. I recommend that students, especially high school students to spend at least half an hour of reading every day to expose themselves to different styles of writing and to learn new vocabulary. Having good vocabulary is the strong foundation that leads to the habit of reading because while reading books, especially scientific books, you will be exposed to many new words that you may not know. Basically knowing a lot of vocabulary early will help you to overcome this obstacle. Knowing more vocabulary also allows you to express yourself more eloquently thus improve your communication skills and presentation skills. Reading more books, especially books that require you to think deeply will increase the creativity in the brain, especially at a young age. This is beneficial as it is the foundation of critical thinking and helps you to develop the problem solving skills.<\/p>\n
According to a study at university of Pennsylvania, Students who do well in college; students who have highest grades in every university all share a common character: They all have good reading habit since they were young. The author, Dr. Stanberry concluded: \u201cIt is well recognized that those who take an active involvement in reading all have higher grades in exams, higher intelligence, and more profound knowledge than those who don\u2019t. Reading enhances knowledge by making them to use the brain actively and causing them to think more and therefore enhancing their intelligence. Since books help improve both memory and concentration, I can conclude that reading makes it easier to study a subject and retain the knowledge received from the subject, thus directly making students more knowledgeable and more successful later in life.\u201d<\/p>\n
STEM fields can be very challenging because they require a comprehensive knowledge of many things. But this challenge can be overcome if students have a good reading habit. For many years of teaching, I found that students who did not do well in STEM classes were often do not read well and have poor vocabulary. They spent several weeks struggled with scientific books using dictionary than gave up. Students who did well rarely use dictionary, they already have strong foundation and rich vocabulary in their mind. They understand the materials well and eager to learn more because they are ready to learn. If a high school student ask me: \u201cHow do I prepare to go to college and study STEM fields? My advice is: \u201cDevelop a good reading habit by reading, reading, and more reading.\u201d<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ng\u00e0y nay gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 xa hoa m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t n\u1ebfu … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4724","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4724","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4724"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4724\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4725,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4724\/revisions\/4725"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4724"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4724"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4724"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}