\u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng trong Khoa h\u1ecdc, C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 To\u00e1n h\u1ecdc (STEM), sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. Trong khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c STEM kh\u00e1c, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c STEM. Trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c k\u00ec thi b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ghi nh\u1edb s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i ch\u00fang trong khi thi, v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i qu\u00ean h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ch\u00fang sau \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c STEM, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t cho sinh vi\u00ean l\u00e0 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00ec h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd r\u1ed3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho sinh vi\u00ean gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 h\u1ecdc qua h\u00e0nh, n\u01a1i sinh vi\u00ean \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 thay v\u00ec ng\u1ed3i th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 l\u1eafng nghe b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng d\u00e0i. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0ng b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng theo c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c n\u01a1i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau ra \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch sinh vi\u00ean tham gia v\u00e0o th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00edch th\u00edch t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc d\u1ef1a theo v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch sinh vi\u00ean ngh\u0129 s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong ch\u1ed7 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c cho h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh hay t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn, sinh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sinh vi\u00ean suy ngh\u0129 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch logic theo c\u00e1ch t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. N\u00f3 tu\u00e2n theo h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu chung v\u1ec1 xem x\u00e9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u00e2n chia t\u1ed5 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n nh\u00f3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng theo v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi: Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, Vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 v\u00e0 Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. Nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i r\u1ea5t cao. Nh\u00f3m ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda ch\u00fang nh\u01b0ng ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n r\u1eb1ng m\u00e3 th\u01b0\u1eddng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9. Nh\u00f3m vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n r\u1eb1ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00ean h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 r\u1ed3i vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i m\u00e3 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. H\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i cho nh\u00f3m thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c k\u00e9m nh\u01b0ng nh\u00f3m thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf bi\u1ec7n minh r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00ec nh\u00f3m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u01b0\u1eddng thay \u0111\u1ed5i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec? L\u00e0m sao b\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n?<\/p>\n
Khi sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, thay v\u00ec cho h\u1ecd c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, t\u00f4i th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c h\u1ecd: \u201cEm \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c bao l\u00e2u v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi em quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng em kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3? Em d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0o? Em c\u00f3 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n em kh\u00f4ng? Em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea ra m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u em \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eed nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi ba c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 em c\u00f3 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, em s\u1ebd h\u1ecfi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0o?\u201d B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch sinh vi\u00ean \u0111i t\u1edbi c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd ngh\u0129 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f3i quen c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1eeb tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o sang t\u01b0 duy t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n
Khi sinh vi\u00ean b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ecfi c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd h\u1ecfi: \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra khi em ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y? N\u1ebfu em kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch to\u00e1n nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a em y\u00eau c\u1ea7u r\u1eb1ng em ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m to\u00e1n, em s\u1ebd l\u00e0m g\u00ec? Em c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n quay l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc to\u00e1n hay h\u1ecdc b\u00e2y gi\u1edd? Khi sinh vi\u00ean d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd h\u1ecfi: \u201cEm \u0111\u00e3 bao gi\u1edd h\u1ecdc c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 em ngh\u0129 em kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng? V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, em th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra b\u00e2y gi\u1edd? Em c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u1ed9t khi em \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc n\u00f3? Em t\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n th\u1eddi gian. Ai \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecdc nhanh h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c em s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o em c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0a n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0o. \u0110\u1eebng bao gi\u1edd t\u1eeb b\u1ecf; \u0111\u1eebng bao gi\u1edd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng em kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o em \u0111\u01b0a t\u00e2m tr\u00ed em v\u00e0o trong n\u00f3, em s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m n\u00f3. Khi em t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecfi: \u201cEm h\u1ecdc g\u00ec trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng?” Em s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Em c\u00f3 n\u00f3i: \u201cT\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd h\u1ecfi em: \u201cN\u00f3i cho t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a em?\u201d Em tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n
K\u0129 thu\u1eadt h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 \u201cPh\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i n\u0103m ph\u00fat” t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sinh vi\u00ean vi\u1ebft ra \u00fd ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00ean m\u1ea3nh gi\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi k\u1ebft th\u00fac m\u1ed7i l\u1edbp b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi sau: \u201cEm h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u2026.. trong l\u1edbp h\u00f4m nay.\u201d \u201cEm c\u00f2n l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n v\u1ec1 \u2026 trong l\u1edbp h\u00f4m nay\u201d, \u201cEm mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u00eam v\u1ec1 \u2026\u201d\u00a0 Sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ghi t\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00ean m\u1ea3nh gi\u1ea5y v\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho \u0111i\u1ec3m cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ee3 trong vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m b\u00e0i t\u1eadp n\u00e0y. T\u00f4i thu th\u1eadp nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh gi\u1ea5y n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i nh\u01b0ng l\u00ed do th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho sinh vi\u00ean ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc trong l\u1edbp. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00ean l\u1edbp v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tham gia v\u00e0o th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn l\u1edbp, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi r\u00f5 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u1ee9 hai v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 ba.<\/p>\n
Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng t\u00f4i cho b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 m\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nh\u01b0: \u201cN\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n h\u1ecfi em li\u1ec7u b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 n\u00ean h\u1ecdc m\u00f4n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng. Em c\u00f3 l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean g\u00ec v\u1ec1 n\u00f3? T\u1ea1i sao?\u201d \u201cEm s\u1ebd n\u00f3i v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n em c\u00e1i g\u00ec n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t trong m\u00f4n n\u00e0y? \u201cN\u1ebfu em m\u00e0 h\u1ecdc m\u00f4n n\u00e0y l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, em c\u00f3 l\u00e0m c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng? C\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao?\u201d B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y, sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ngh\u0129 s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong l\u1edbp, sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tri th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n
T\u1ea1i l\u00fac cu\u1ed1i t\u1eebng m\u00f4n, t\u00f4i c\u0169ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sinh vi\u00ean vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i lu\u1eadn 3 trang: \u201cNh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n ba \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t em \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc trong m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch em \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc ch\u00fang, v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a em trong m\u00f4n ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 trong ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a em.\u201d B\u00e0i t\u1eadp n\u00e0y s\u1ebd bu\u1ed9c sinh vi\u00ean suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao nhi\u00eau.<\/p>\n
T\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng cho sinh vi\u00ean m\u1ed9t k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 \u201cEm c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ti t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 em th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n h\u1ecfi \u201cT\u00f4i th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc m\u00f4n ____ t\u1eeb gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Vu. C\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong m\u00f4n \u0111\u00f3?\u201d Em s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Ba \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0o em s\u1ebd n\u00f3i? N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n h\u1ecfi: \u201cB\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0o \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc? M\u00f4n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00f3?\u201d Em s\u1ebd n\u00f3i g\u00ec cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n? B\u1eb1ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u00f3 t\u00ednh th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd bu\u1ed9c sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ngh\u0129 s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 th\u00f3i quen h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ea1nh tranh n\u00e0y, sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f3i quen h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1eeb th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng sang t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 qua c\u00e1c k\u00ec thi hay \u0111\u1ec3 thu l\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng gi\u00fap cho h\u1ecd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p m\u1ea1nh s\u1ebd k\u00e9o d\u00e0i c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
—English version—<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Developing skills<\/p>\n
To develop knowledge and skills in Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM), students must understand the concepts, and be able to apply what they have learned to do works. In technology area such as computer science, software engineering, as well as other STEM fields, new materials are often built on top of others from previous courses. Students who do not comprehend previous materials will have difficulty to understand the next and it is the reason why many students fail in STEM fields. In traditional education, some students can pass exams by memorizing facts, recall them during exams, and then forget most of them afterward. But in STEM fields, it is critical for students to retain what they learn to build their skills and competencies as they continue their education then begin their careers as competent professionals.<\/p>\n
To get students to retain their knowledge, it is important to use teaching methods such as learning by doing, where students are actively applying what they learned by solving problems instead of passively sit and listen to a long lecture. It does not means teachers should not lecture but lecture should be used in an interactive way where questions are raised to encourage students to participate in discussion. To help students actively learn, I often use case studies to stimulate their thinking. Case studies are problem-based learning that encourages the student to think deeply about problems that may occur in the workplace. By giving them a case or a situation and ask them to discuss, students will gain a broader view, improve their knowledge, and learn more.<\/p>\n
A case study describes a real problem in the industry that requires students to think logically in a step-by-step manner to solve the problem. It follows a common pattern of examining the problems, planning to solve the problem, applying the solution, and the result. For example: A project manager divides the project team into four groups according to the lifecycle: Requirements, Design, Code and Test. But the software has very high defects. Test group conducts a lot of tests to fix them but complains that the code is often changing and they do not have time to test everything. Coding group complains that the design keeps changing so they must write code then rewrite code often. They blame the design group of doing a bad work but the design group argues that it is the requirements group that constantly changes requirements so they cannot design well. In this case, what should the project manager do? How do you solve this problem if you are the project manager?<\/p>\n
When students are facing difficult problem that they cannot solve, instead of giving them the answer, I challenge them: \u201cHow long have you worked on it before you decide that you cannot do it? What approaches do you use? Have you talked to your friends? Can you list all the things you have tried but still cannot do it? If you could ask three questions about the problem that you have now what questions would you ask?\u201d By encourage students to come up with the answer by making them think deeply, teachers are changing their habit from passively depend on the teachers to actively thinking about their way to solve problem.<\/p>\n
When students tell me that they are not good at something, I would ask: \u201cWhat happens when you have to do these things? If you do not like Math but your job requires that you must do Math. What would you do? Do you want to go back to school to learn Math or learning it now? When students seem hesitating, I would ask: \u201cHave you ever learned something you did not think you could learn? Few years ago, you did not even know how to program but what happens now? How did you feel once you had learned it? You go to school to learn and it takes time. Someone learn faster than others but in the end you all learn the same thing as long as you put the efforts in. Never give up; never feel that you cannot learn something. As long as you put your mind into it, you will be able to do it. When you look for job if the hiring manager asks: \u201cWhat do you learn in school? How would you answer? Would you say: \u201cI do not learn anything? If they ask you: \u201cTell me about your skills?\u201d How do you answer?<\/p>\n
Another active learning technique that I often use is the \u201cFive minutes feedback\u201d where I ask students to write their thought on a piece of paper before the end of each class by answers the following questions: \u201cI learn this \u2026.. in today\u2019s class.\u201d \u201cI am confused about \u2026in class today\u201d, \u201cI wish the teacher to explain more about \u2026\u201d\u00a0 Students do not need to put their names on the paper and the paper will not be graded so there is no fear in doing this exercise. I collect these papers as an assessment of my own teaching but the real reason is to get students to think about the classroom on that day. First they must write what they have learned in class. If they do not pay attention, they cannot write that. If they do not read materials before class and not participate in class discussion, they cannot answer the second and third questions well.<\/p>\n
Sometime I give a homework where students must answer questions such as: \u201cIf a friend asks you whether he should take this course. Would you recommend it? Why?\u201d \u201cWhat would you tell your friend if they want to do well in this course? \u201cIf you were to take this course again, would you do anything differently? What and why?\u201d By answering these questions, students must think deeply about what they have learned, what they did and materials that they need to know to do well. By reflect on their learning in the class, students may be able to retain some knowledge.<\/p>\n
At the end of each course, I also ask students to write a 3 pages essay: \u201cIdentify the three most important things you learned in my course. Explain how you learned them, and how they may contribute to your success in the next courses and in your future profession.\u201d This exercise will force students to reflect on their learning ability and how much have they learned.<\/p>\n
I often give students a typical scenario such as \u201cYou have a job interview with the best company that you really want to work for. The interviewer asks \u201cI see that you have taken a course in ____ from professor Vu. What were the most important things you learned in that course?\u201d How would you respond? What are the three things that you will say? If the interviewer asks: \u201cWhat skills have you developed in college? What courses and experiences contributed to that development?\u201d What would you tell the interviewer? By continue asking challenging questions you will force students to think deeply about their learning habit and be able to retain what they have learned.<\/p>\n
To succeed in this competitive job market, students must change their learning habit from passive to active to be able to retain their knowledge and develop the needed skills. They must understand that the purpose of learning is not about passing exams or to obtaining degree but to have the skills that help them to build a strong career that will last for the rest of their life.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng trong Khoa h\u1ecdc, C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 To\u00e1n h\u1ecdc (STEM), sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4712","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4712","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4712"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4712\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4713,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4712\/revisions\/4713"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4712"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4712"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4712"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}