Ng\u00e0y nay m\u1ecdi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong Khoa h\u1ecdc, C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 To\u00e1n h\u1ecdc (STEM). Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea7y c\u1ea1nh tranh n\u00e0y n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn l\u00e1i b\u1edfi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n tri th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf. Th\u1ea3m k\u1ecbch l\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1edf ra m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eabn m\u00e0 l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ea7n, v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft r\u1ec5 trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed7 k\u00ec thi v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 2000, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh khi m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh. N\u0103m ng\u00e0y l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh 24 gi\u1edd tr\u00ean b\u1ea9y ng\u00e0y do n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng robot hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. T\u1eeb c\u1ea3nh quan c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 l\u1edbn n\u01a1i c\u00e1c n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ea7n. C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1edbi d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c l\u00e0 s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn do s\u1ee3 m\u1ea5t ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean ng\u00e0y nay kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m b\u00ean trong n\u01b0\u1edbc ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c. Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y sang ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra r\u1ea5t nhanh. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Ban Nha, Hi L\u1ea1p v\u00e0 Italy n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00ec ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n sang Ba Lan, Hungary v\u00e0 Czech v\u00ec chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n khi nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y gia nh\u1eadp Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ch\u00ednh \u1edf M\u0129 m\u00e3i cho t\u1edbi cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990 m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng cho Trung Qu\u1ed1c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. Ng\u00e0y nay Trung Qu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i M\u0129 v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra. Tuy nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong STEM, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u01b0 th\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 Harvard, Stanford, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Carnegie Mellon, California Technology University m\u00e0 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi trong ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nano \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean v\u00e0 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho M\u0129 \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n
Trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1edbi n\u00e0y, sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd s\u1edbm \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp th\u00edch h\u1ee3p trong \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c khuy\u00ean nh\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecdc sinh v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. Trong \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng c\u1eed nh\u00e2n. Thay v\u00ec h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng ghi nh\u1edb s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 qua c\u00e1c k\u00ec thi, sinh vi\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng. D\u1ef1 \u00e1n capstone \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cho sinh vi\u00ean trong n\u0103m th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p m\u1ecdi k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o trong m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u1ef1c. D\u1ef1 \u00e1n capstone ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u mi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng ch\u1ed7 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. M\u1ecdi k\u00ec thi \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ghi nh\u1edb s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n. Sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 khi h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5, trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed th\u1eddi gian v.v.<\/p>\n
H\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1edbi l\u00e0 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean. Sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng tin tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1edbi l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 cho l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n cho h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m kh\u00f3, v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1. Sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c thay v\u00ec ghi nh\u1edb s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n. H\u1ecd nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i t\u1eeb th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c trong th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c. Trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1edbi n\u00e0y, th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tu\u1ef3 ch\u1ecdn m\u00e0 thay v\u00ec th\u1ebf sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho t\u1edbi khi h\u1ecd l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n
Trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1edbi n\u00e0y, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ee5 tri th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0ng mong \u0111\u1ee3i sinh vi\u00ean l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. Th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho sinh vi\u00ean ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c cho t\u1edbi khi h\u1ecd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi. V\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ho\u00e1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft theo nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean. L\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1edbp th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ra b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho m\u1ecdi sinh vi\u00ean v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn h\u1ecd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 cho sinh vi\u00ean m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc n\u01a1i h\u1ecd tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c b\u00ean trong th\u1eddi gian cho ph\u00e9p, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p c\u1eed nh\u00e2n trong b\u1ed1n n\u0103m.<\/p>\n
Th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111o ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, sinh vi\u00ean ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u00f4n l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t th\u1ebf n\u00e0o khi m\u00f4n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4 \u0111un, m\u1ed7i m\u00f4 \u0111un h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c (nh\u01b0 c\u00fa ph\u00e1p, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, chu tr\u00ecnh, v.v.) Th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m kh\u00f3, n\u00eau c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5, h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v.v. B\u00ean ngo\u00e0i kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh tri th\u1ee9c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1edbi c\u0169ng cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i, t\u01b0 duy ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn cho th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean trong ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi ch\u1ed7 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean vi\u1ec7c thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao v\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n cho nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u cao.<\/p>\n
Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111ang t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9, \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t cho \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c h\u01a1n v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o STEM v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho nhu c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. M\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
—English version—<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Education for the future<\/p>\n
Today every country needs to have more educated people, especially in Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM). In this competitive globalized world where everything is connected and driven by technology, knowledge workers are the fuel for economic growth. The tragedy is there are many unemployed college graduates with no future but at the same time, there are many unfilled job openings. The issue is not the availability of workers but the shortage of technology skilled workers that companies need because college graduates do not have these skills.<\/p>\n
The problem is rooted in a traditional education based on an obsolete model where passing exams and obtaining degrees are important than developing skills and competencies. Since 2000, technology had changed the way companies operate as everything was connected, workflows were automated, and some works were distributed globally. The nature of work, jobs, and careers has also changed significantly, starting with the view that the way things work that we have known is changing fast. Traditional work five days per week has changed to 24 hours by seven days due to the global economy. Many labor works have been automated by robots or outsourced to lower cost countries. From a college students\u2019 perspective, these changes are significant where competencies are important and degrees are no longer a guarantee for jobs. To have a comfortable career in the future, students must have skills, especially skills that the job market needs. New education models based on skills and competencies are available and have been used in many countries but have not been adopted by educators in others for fear of losing control. The reality is today students do not compete for jobs within their own country but with others from other countries. In this globally connected world, jobs can go from one place to another and it can happen very fast. For example, people often wondered about the situation of Spain, Greece and Italy where not long ago, they all had strong economy and plenty of jobs but suddenly their economy collapsed because most works have been moved to Poland, Hungary and Czech for lower cost when these countries joined the European Union. Not long ago, manufacturing was the main supply of jobs in the U.S. until late 1990s where the outsourcing of factory and labor works to China began. Today China emerges as the center for manufacturing, not the U.S. with thousands of factories and millions of jobs created. However with advanced education in STEM, especially in the private education institutions such as Harvard, Stanford, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Carnegie Mellon, California Technology University that focus on technology competency, new industries in hardware, software, biotechnology, nanotechnology have emerged and changed the entire economy balanced equation to keep the U.S. on top.<\/p>\n
In this new education model, students must set their career goals early to select the appropriated field of study in college. High schools provide career information and advising before students go to college. In college students must master a number of competencies in order to graduate with a Bachelor degree. Instead of learning by memorization facts to pass tests, students work on projects of varying complexity to apply their knowledge to develop skills. A capstone project is required for students in the fourth year to incorporate all of their learned skills in a real project. Capstone projects contain competencies from multiple domains and are relevant to workplace situations. All exams are based on competency mastery by applying the concepts not just memorize facts. Students are encouraged to work in team to solve problems as they learn other soft-skills such as teamwork, communication and time management etc.<\/p>\n
The key focus of the new education model is to focus on student learning and progress. Students are taught to obtain information prior to class so classroom is spent more on questions and answering, reviewing difficult concepts, and on class discussions to foster in-depth understanding of the subject. Students learn by doing works instead of memorizing facts. They receive feedbacks from teachers immediately during class discussions so they can learn quickly and develop the needed knowledge to build their competencies. Teaching materials are designed to build the skills required to master number of competencies. In this new model, failure is not an option instead students can learn from making mistakes and redo their works until they master all competencies.<\/p>\n
In this new education model, teachers do not spend time to transfer the knowledge but expect students to be independent learners. Teachers support students to learn by coaching and reviewing their works. Their goals are to help students develop competencies until they become self-directed learners to build a life-long learning attitude. Since some students require more help and guidance than others, teachers can personalized their teaching method to accommodate students\u2019 needs. At the beginning of the class teachers establish a learning plan for all students with clear goals and objectives to guide them to build their own competencies. The learning plan is a strategy to give students a structure framework to learn where they follow a sequence and goal of mastering a numbers of competencies within the time allowed which leads to a bachelor degree completion in about four years.<\/p>\n
Teachers review students\u2019 works and measure their progress toward their goals. For example, how well students complete programming course as this course is divided into several modules, each focus on one competency (e.g. syntax, data structure, loops, etc.) Teachers support students to learn by providing feedback, explain difficult concepts, give examples, ask questions etc. Beyond technical knowledge aspects, teachers also motivate, encourage and support students to achieve their educational goals. Beside technical knowledge, the new education model also provide foundational soft-skills such as communications, critical thinking, organization, leadership, technology literacy, teamwork and collaboration that make a big difference to students\u2019 advancement in their career.<\/p>\n
To ensure that its degree programs have relevance in the workplace, the university also monitors jobs market data to identify industries in which growth and technological changes may impact their hiring and using these data to improve their trainings. That is why few top universities are able to offer degrees that address the competencies required for employees in a number of high-demand industries.<\/p>\n
Today technology is impacting everything, it is essential for college to focus more efforts on STEM training and adopt the active learning method to develop skilled graduates to meet the industry needs. All future workers will require constant development, training, retraining, and special challenging works as lifelong learning and lifelong training are the reality.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ng\u00e0y nay m\u1ecdi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong Khoa h\u1ecdc, C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 To\u00e1n h\u1ecdc (STEM). … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4710","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4710","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4710"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4710\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4711,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4710\/revisions\/4711"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4710"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4710"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4710"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}