M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m m\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean trong l\u1edbp kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u1ecd h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1edbi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ra ti\u1ec1n. H\u1ecd y\u00eau th\u00edch c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 h\u1ecd ngh\u0129 ti\u1ec1n s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean t\u1edbi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0ng sau khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp ti\u00eau h\u1ebft ti\u1ec1n. B\u1edfi l\u00ed do \u0111\u00f3, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n
Sinh vi\u00ean kinh doanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n k\u00ea thu nh\u1eadp, b\u1ea3ng c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i, lu\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ti nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y. H\u1ecd c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1n t\u1edbi t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u, bao nhi\u00eau kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 chi ph\u00ed t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c thu\u00ea v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng, mua trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1edbi tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cho nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v.v. \u0110\u1ec3 sinh l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m ra \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u1ec1n trang tr\u1ea3i cho chi ph\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Sinh vi\u00ean trong l\u1edbp kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. M\u1ed9t khi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m, h\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. Khi sinh vi\u00ean b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u h\u00e1o h\u1ee9c v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n t\u1ea1o ra c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: “Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho th\u1ea7y em l\u00e0m ra ti\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o?” \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 \u0111o\u00e1n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9 hai. \u0110i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0a cho h\u1ecd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi chi ti\u1ebft: \u201cAi l\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n? B\u1ea1n \u0111ang gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng? B\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n giao gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0o cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng? L\u00e0m sao b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng? L\u00e0m sao b\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n giao s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m hay d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng? B\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 cho b\u1ea1n bao nhi\u00eau? B\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n bao nhi\u00eau? Chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ti l\u00e0 g\u00ec? B\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec?” Ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u00e0m t\u00f4i tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng ti. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e1n m\u00f2 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i ra v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00ec t\u00f4i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111ang h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean quay l\u1ea1i l\u1edbp m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n. N\u0103m ngo\u00e1i m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i: \u201cEm \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng th\u00edch n\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 m\u00e0 em \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb.\u201d Nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i sinh l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u00f4i b\u1ea3o h\u1ecd: \u201cEm kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh trong nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng em \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00ed ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c g\u00ec. Em ch\u01b0a vay ti\u1ec1n t\u1eeb b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 hay h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng ti cho n\u00ean c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 em \u0111ang h\u1ecdc. Em kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o em ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng em s\u1ebd l\u00e0m ra ti\u1ec1n. M\u1ecdi thu nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng. Th\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea5y sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng ti r\u1ed3i th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Em h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ec3 cho em s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c.\u201d<\/p>\n
Ngay c\u1ea3 khi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n, sinh vi\u00ean v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n. Khi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng mua m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m hay d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh h\u1ecd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tu\u1ef3 ch\u1ecdn thanh to\u00e1n. Ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c thanh to\u00e1n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0i l\u1ea7n trong v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng. \u0110\u00f4i khi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ch\u1ec9 tr\u1ea3 khi h\u1ecd d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n cho t\u00ednh to\u00e1n kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh. T\u1eebng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n
Khi sinh vi\u00ean tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u quay l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb b\u00e0i t\u1eadp n\u00e0y. V\u00e0 t\u00f4i bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201c\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201ch\u1ecdc qua h\u00e0nh.\u201d C\u00e1c em h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 trong l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1c em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb sai l\u1ea7m. Khi c\u00e1c em l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c, c\u00e1c em kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i c\u00f9ng sai l\u1ea7m l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa.\u201d<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
—English version—<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Entrepreneurship’s second lesson<\/p>\n
One of the common mistakes that students in my entrepreneurship classes often make is they focus too much on technology but not pay attention on the financial aspect of making money. They love their ideas and technology that they create and they think money will naturally come. That is the reason why many startups failed in few months of operation after founders ran out of money. For that reason, beside teaching technology it is important that students be taught about the finance too.<\/p>\n
Business students are taught about finances such as income statements, balance sheets, cash flow, budgeting, and details on how to operate a company but most technology students do not. They need to learn about where the money come from, how much customers will pay as well as the cost from renting an office, buying equipments to paying salaries to employees etc. To be profitable, entrepreneurs need to make enough money to cover these costs.<\/p>\n
Students in my entrepreneurship class start with the identification of opportunities such as issues and problems that customers need to solve. Once opportunities are identified and validated, they begin to develop product solutions. When students told me that they have a product ready, most of them are excited and want to create startup immediately. But I ask the basic question: “Explain to me how you make money?” This is where students feel uncomfortable as they have not thinking about the financial aspect of startup. Many just guessing but do not have real data to back it up and they need to learn the second lesson. What I give them is a list of questions that they must answer in detail: \u201cWho are your customer? What problem that you are solving for customers? What value do you deliver to customers? How do you reach customers? How do you deliver your product or service to customers? How much do you think they will pay? How much do you think you will need? What are your cost for operate a company? What do you think your profit could be?” Unless they answer all questions to my satisfaction, they cannot start the company. They cannot guess the answers but must go out and ask their customers as I require evidences and check references to make sure that they are learning this lesson well.<\/p>\n
This is a major lesson where many students come back to class frustrated and disappointed. Last year a student told me: \u201cI have created a product that customers like it but they do not want to pay the price that I ask for.\u201d Many students have similar experiences with products that cannot justify the financial requirement of startup to be profitable. I told them: \u201cYou fail in this task but you have not wasted any money yet. You have not borrowed money from your parents or relations to start the company yet so consider this is another lesson that you are learning. You do not start a company until you are sure that you will make money. All the revenues and costs must be balanced. I do not want to see my students start a company then fail. You learn how to fail in my class so you will not fail in real life.\u201d<\/p>\n
Even when customers are willing to pay, students must learn how they pay. When customers buy a product or service, they typically have a number of payment options. The common choice is paying the total in cash but many often spread the payment in several monthly installments. Sometime customers only pay as they use and make it more difficult to calculate the financial aspects. Each customer has different opinion on how they pay and that affect the financial of startups. This is where technology students learn the reality of being financial success.<\/p>\n
When students who become successful entrepreneurs, they all come back to told me that they really learn something from this exercise. And I always explained: \u201cThat is \u201clearning by doing.\u201d You learn by do these things in class so you can learn from mistakes. When you do it in real life, you do not make the same mistake again.\u201d<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m m\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean trong l\u1edbp kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u1ecd h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4689","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nha-doanh-nghiep"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4689","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4689"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4689\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4690,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4689\/revisions\/4690"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4689"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4689"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4689"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}