V\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t. B\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3u c\u00f4ng ti m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n, v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho ai \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, ban ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng hay gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ra ti\u1ec1n, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n giao m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho.<\/p>\n
Trong h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng v\u1eadt l\u00ed nh\u01b0 th\u1ee9c \u0103n, m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, xe \u0111\u1ea1p, xe h\u01a1i, s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c v.v. Nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng hay \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng b\u00e1n l\u1ebb n\u01a1i kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng t\u1edbi mua. Nh\u01b0ng ki\u1ec3u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n; m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua ch\u00fang \u1edf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, g\u1ea7n n\u01a1i h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng, cho n\u00ean k\u00edch c\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1edfi s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng trong khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean ng\u00e0y nay v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng v\u1eadt l\u00ed m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf d\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, nh\u1ea1c MP3, video v.v. V\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. V\u1edbi Internet, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u1ea3o \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e1n cho.<\/p>\n
Trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea1nh tranh n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c m\u1edbi \u0111i t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi cho n\u00ean nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i hay v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. B\u1ea5t k\u00ec ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ra ti\u1ec1n cho n\u00ean nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng hay v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i t\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p. Nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m sao b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: H\u1ecfi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i sai l\u1ea7m b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c KH\u00d4NG h\u1ecfi. Trong l\u1edbp kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, sinh vi\u00ean bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng tin r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng mu\u1ed1n. Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m d\u1ea1y, t\u00f4i bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1c quan, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u0129 h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 ai v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng mu\u1ed1n g\u00ec. H\u1ecd c\u1ee9 b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. T\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eafc h\u1ecd r\u1eb1ng trong “c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7” c\u1ea3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00f4ng lung v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n sinh vi\u00ean l\u00e0m l\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 h\u1ecd quen thu\u1ed9c. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, sinh vi\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u01b0\u1ee3c hay c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p y t\u1ebf; sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. M\u1ed9t khi h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u tra n\u00f3 k\u0129 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nhu c\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m li\u1ec7u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1ecf hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c hay \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft r\u1ed3i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0i nghi v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng v\u1ed9i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed t\u1edbi l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3 m\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf h\u1ecd: \u201cT\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n n\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang h\u1ecdc b\u00e2y gi\u1edd v\u00ec c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang l\u00e0m trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u0110i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n sinh vi\u00ean l\u00e0m l\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Cho d\u00f9 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u0169 nh\u01b0ng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi h\u01a1n, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u1edbi c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, r\u1ebb h\u01a1n, hay nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u01b0u th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Sinh vi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u0129 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi v\u00e0 b\u1ecb l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n gi\u1eefa ph\u00e1t minh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn. Ph\u00e1t minh l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi hay c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi. Ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 l\u00e0m c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn hay th\u00eam gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi cho s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kh\u00e1c hay c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, Steve Jobs KH\u00d4NG ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh, \u00f4ng \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t minh ra c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u1ea3. Nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t v\u00ec \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111em gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi v\u00e0o cho nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9. iPod kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nghe nh\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Sony \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t minh ra m\u00e1y nghe Walkman t\u1eeb l\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. V\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c MP3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi Microsoft t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 iPod. Tuy nhi\u00ean Steve Jobs \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p MP3 v\u00e0o iPod v\u00e0 m\u00f3c n\u1ed1i n\u00f3 v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n chia s\u1ebb \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 iTunes v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i b\u00e1n ch\u1ea1y nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 di \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t minh c\u1ee7a Motorola nh\u01b0ng iPhone l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn n\u01a1i Steve Jobs \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 MP3, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 di \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0o trong iPhone.<\/p>\n
T\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i v\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean r\u1eb1ng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho h\u1ecd t\u1ea1o ra gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng hay thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Khi h\u1ecd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c h\u00e0o h\u1ee9ng ph\u1ea5n kh\u1edfi v\u1ec1 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. Khi h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c thi n\u00f3, th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng s\u1ebd khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecd \u0111i xa h\u01a1n. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5, h\u1ecd bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd c\u0169ng h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. Nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean s\u1ee3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i h\u1ecd c\u0169ng h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. B\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra, n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean gi\u1ecfi h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o h\u01a1n v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc trong kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p, sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc, h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 c\u0169ng h\u1ecdc khi h\u1ecd th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00ec m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 h\u1ecd l\u00e0m s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi h\u1ecd v\u00e0 l\u00e0m phong ph\u00fa cho k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i v\u1edbi d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng trong l\u1edbp kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p, t\u00f4i bu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m h\u01a1n h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Sinh vi\u00ean t\u1edbi v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi r\u1ed3i m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecfi 150 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 xin \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd quay v\u1ec1 b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o h\u1ecd r\u1eb1ng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ed1t. T\u00f4i l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd \u0111i t\u1edbi \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c r\u1ed3i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng chu k\u00ec cho t\u1edbi khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi 80% kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng b\u1ea3o h\u1ecd th\u00edch \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i h\u1ecd m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ea3n m\u1eabu cho s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc \u0111i t\u1edbi \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n m\u1ed7i l\u00fac, v\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho h\u1ecd th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng khi h\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. T\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201c\u0110\u1eebng s\u1ee3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Trong l\u1edbp n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c em h\u1ecdc th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c em kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t g\u00ec c\u1ea3. C\u00e1c em c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c em c\u00e0ng h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o c\u00e1c em c\u00f2n h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c em s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c em th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1n, th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 n\u1eefa. T\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i khi c\u00e1c em v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra cho c\u00e1c em. V\u00e0 khi c\u00e1c em th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebft, c\u00e1c em \u0111ang \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c em. V\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a em c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o ra vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, gi\u00fap cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c s\u1ed1ng tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a em.\u201d<\/p>\n
Theo m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra m\u1edbi, do ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch m\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t gi\u1ea7u v\u00e0 qu\u00e3ng n\u1eeda s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Trong danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c t\u1ec9 ph\u00fa M\u0129, c\u00f3 10 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb h\u01a1n 30 tu\u1ed5i m\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh danh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Mark Zuckerberg, 30 tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp ra Facebook v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb r\u00f2ng qu\u00e3ng $34 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la. Mark c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea \u1edf s\u1ed1 11 trong danh s\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng t\u1ec9 ph\u00fa gi\u1ea7u nh\u1ea5t \u1edf M\u0129 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1ee9 14 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. S\u1ed1 hai l\u00e0 Dustin Moskovitz, 30 tu\u1ed5i, v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb r\u00f2ng qu\u00e3ng $8 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la. Anh \u1ea5y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 Facebook c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi\u00a0 Zuckerberg. S\u1ed1 ba l\u00e0 Elizabeth Holmes, 30 tu\u1ed5i v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb r\u00f2ng $4.5 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la. Elizabeth s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp ra Theranos, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n ho\u00e1 trong c\u00f4ng ti th\u1eed m\u00e1u. S\u1ed1 b\u1ed1n l\u00e0 Evan Spiegel 24 tu\u1ed5i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Snapchat, m\u1ed9t app chuy\u1ec3n th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p \u1ea3nh, v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb r\u00f2ng qu\u00e3ng $10 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la. V\u00e0 Bobby Murphy, 25 tu\u1ed5i, \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a snapchat v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb r\u00f2ng qu\u00e3ng $1.5 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
—English version—<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Technology Startup<\/p>\n
For technology startups, developing an innovation product is one of the most critical things. You want your product to make money so your startup can grow into the type of company that you want, and you can live comfortably without having to work for somebody else. In order to do that, you must begin with a clear vision of the product based on your ideas and your ideas must meet a critical need in the market or solve a problem. In other word, to make money your product must deliver a value that the customers are willing to pay for.<\/p>\n
For thousand years, products are always something in physical forms such as food, machines, bicycles, cars, books and other things etc. These products are sold in the market or in retail stores where customers come in to buy. But this type of market has limitation; people buy them in local market, near where they live, so the size of the market is limited by the number of customers in that area. However today with the advance of technology, things change. The products do not have to be in physical forms but can be in digital forms such as software, MP3 music, video etc. And market does not have to be limited in certain location. With the Internet, the market can be virtually anywhere, therefore there are unlimited numbers of customers that you can sell to.<\/p>\n
In this global competitive market, there are all kinds of products and values exist. It takes a lot of efforts to come up with a value that is needed so entrepreneurs must research the market to identify opportunities or problems that they can solve. Anybody can come up with ideas but ideas alone do not make money so entrepreneur must know the market needs or customers\u2019 problems before come up with solutions. But how do you know? The answer is simple: Ask customers. This is where many entrepreneurs are making mistake by NOT asking. In my entrepreneurship class, students always believe that they know what customers want. For many years of teaching, I always have to deal with optimists who think they know who the customers are and what they want. They keep on telling me that they can guess what customer problems are and want to build something immediately. I have to remind them that in \u201ctechnology startup\u201d both the product and customers are unknown, what they have are just vague ideas and nothing else.<\/p>\n
The first thing I want students to do is research the market to identify opportunities, and they must start with an area that they are familiar with. For example, science students may focus on chemical industry, pharmaceutical industry or medical industry; technology students may focus on hardware industry, software industry. Once they identify a problem, they must investigate it thoroughly to determine the need by asking people in the industry to validate whether the problem is real before even think about develop solution. By doing this many students learn that what they think as a major problem actually is only a minor or insignificant, not worth to work on or already be solved. This is the first lesson they must learn about failure so they can be more skeptical and not hurry to build solution. A manager who came to my class as guest speaker reminded them: \u201cWhy do you think a student can solve a problem that experienced people who spent years in the industry cannot? A better approach you should investigate is improving things using latest technologies that you are learning now because technology changes fast and people who are working in the industry may not know.\u201d<\/p>\n
What I want students to do is applying what they have learned, mostly the latest technology, to solve problems. Even the problem may be solved by old technology but by using newer technology, they may come up with something better, cheaper, or faster and this is the advantage of technology innovations. Many startups in my entrepreneurship program follow this approach and succeed. Students often think they must create something new and confuse between invention and innovation. Invention is the creation of new product or new technology. Innovation is making improvement or adds new value to existing products using different approach or new technology. For example, Steve Jobs is NOT an inventor, he does not invent anything. But he is the best innovator as he brings new values to many things. The iPod is not the first music device. Sony invented the Walkman long time ago. And MP3 music device was created by Microsoft many years before the iPod. However Steve Jobs integrated MP3 in iPod and linked it to an online music-sharing platform called iTunes and this innovation becomes the best seller at that time. Mobile technology is an invention of Motorola but iPhone is an innovation where Steve Jobs integrated MP3 technology, mobile technology and computer technology into the iPhone.<\/p>\n
I often tell students that by studying science and technology they have the best chance to create their own startup. Their knowledge and skills can help them to create new value to customers or change the market. When they build something successful, they will have great feeling of accomplishment in life. When they have idea and be able to execute it, success will encourage them to go further. Of course startup is a not easy, they will always be facing new challenge and experiencing something new but they also learn more. Many students are afraid of failure but by learning from failure they also learn how to succeed. Regardless of what happen, if they continue to learn from failure, they will become better, have stronger skills and success will happen. There is no easy way to learn in entrepreneurship, students must learn as they go along, they learn by making mistake and also learn when they succeed because everything they do will affect them and enrich their skills. Many students feel uncomfortable at the first sign of failure but in the entrepreneurship class, I force them to become a stronger and more determined to their goal. Students come up with new ideas then each have to ask 150 people for their opinions. They come back disappointed because many people tell them that their ideas are not good enough. I make them to come up with another idea then repeat the same cycle until they reach 80% of people tell them that they like their ideas. Only then they can start to build the prototype for the product. By doing this, students learn to come up with better ideas each time, and the best ideas can help them to succeed when they begin their own startup. I explain: \u201cDo not afraid of failure. In this class, you learn to fail but you do not lose anything. The more you fail, the more you learn and as long as you learn from failure, you will get better grade. However, if you fail in life, you may lose your money, your time and much more. It is better to learn about failure when you are still in school because nothing will happen to you. And when you succeed, there is nothing better than the satisfaction of knowing you are reaching your dream. And better than that, your startup also creates jobs, helps many people the opportunity to make a comfortable living as well as their family and your local economy.\u201d<\/p>\n
According to a new survey due to the advancement of technology, there is a new list of very rich people and about half of them are entrepreneurs and investors in technology. Among the list of U.S. billionaires, there are 10 young people less than 30 years old who own huge fortune. On top of the list is Mark Zuckerberg, 30 years old and founder of Facebook with net worth around $34 billion dollars. Mark is also listed at No. 11 on the list of richest billionaires in America and the 14th richest in the world. Number two is Dustin Moskovitz, 30 years old, with net worth around $ 8 billion. He is also part of the Facebook team with\u00a0 Zuckerberg. Number three is Elizabeth Holmes, 30 years old with a net worth of $4.5 billion dollars. Elizabeth founded Theranos, a startup specializes in blood-testing company. Number four is Evan Spiegel 24 years old, founder of Snapchat, a photo-messaging app, with a net worth around $10 billion dollars. And Bobby Murphy, 25 years old, co-founder of snapchat with a net worth of $1.5 billion dollars.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
V\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t. B\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n s\u1ea3n … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4670","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nha-doanh-nghiep"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4670","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4670"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4670\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4671,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4670\/revisions\/4671"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4670"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4670"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4670"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}