C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p, m\u1ed7i c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t “c\u00f4ng ti” n\u01a1i \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kinh doanh hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, m\u1edf m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng b\u00e1n l\u1ebb nh\u1ecf; b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa xe \u0111\u1eb9p; m\u1edf nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng; hay cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v.v. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra “c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p” n\u01a1i c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kinh doanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, ki\u1ec3u kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n th\u00ec t\u00f4i c\u00f3 v\u00e0i l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean:<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n cho nhu c\u1ea7u n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng, hay gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3n ch\u00e0o trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o li\u1ec7u \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng; b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea1n \u0111ang ph\u00ed th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. \u0110\u1eeaNG tin v\u00e0o l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft mua b\u00e1n kinh doanh v\u1ec1 “C\u1ee9 l\u00e0m n\u00f3 \u0111i r\u1ed3i ti\u1ec1n s\u1ebd t\u1edbi\u201d v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3. Nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c v\u00ec h\u1ecd ngh\u0129 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 l\u1edbn r\u1ed3i b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng \u00edt nh\u1ea5t n\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n
T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i g\u00ec cho n\u00ean b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi m\u00ecnh: \u201cC\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng?” B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 xem li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t nhu c\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, ba m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, Bill Gates \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi: \u201cC\u00f3 b\u1ed9 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cAltair\u201d ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh th\u1ef1c nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh. C\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh cho n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng?” \u00d4ng \u1ea5y v\u00e0 Paul Allen \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng ti Altair Company \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng mua n\u00f3 v\u00ec l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi IBM \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n M\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh. Bill Gates ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn IBM r\u1ed3i PC-DOS v\u00e0 MS-DOS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Trong v\u00f2ng v\u00e0i n\u0103m, IBM PC tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u00e1nh ch\u1ea1y nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 Microsoft tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, Bill Gates tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea7u nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n
C\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u1eady th\u00ec b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecfi: \u201cM\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u01a1n r\u1ed3i b\u00e1n v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u th\u1ebf c\u1ea1nh tranh kh\u00f4ng?” V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n t\u1eeb n\u0103m hay m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, iPhone c\u1ee7a Apple kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00ec Motorola v\u00e0 Nokia \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ed3i. T\u1ea1i sao Apple bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e0i x\u1ebfp h\u00e0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 mua? L\u00ed do \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: Steve Job \u0111\u00e3 ra l\u1ec7nh iPhone ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, d\u1ec5 d\u00f9ng h\u01a1n, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng di \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao Apple th\u1eafng v\u00e0 th\u00e2u t\u00f3m th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng di \u0111\u1ed9ng. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng r\u1eb1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng then ch\u1ed1t cho c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p. Kh\u00f4ng, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gi\u00e1, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kinh doanh; v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kinh doanh c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p. Cho n\u00ean b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng mu\u1ed1n. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m “ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o” v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n th\u1eddi gian, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng “b\u1ea3n m\u1eabu” r\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi li\u1ec7u h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u00edch n\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mu\u1ed1n mua s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd r\u1ed3i b\u1ea1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. V\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ecdi t\u00ednh n\u0103ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i cho b\u1ea1n r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n, h\u1ecd nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd mua s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u1eady nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c KH\u00d4NG h\u1ecfi. H\u1ecd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t, h\u1ecd t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u00ed th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n
Trong m\u00f4n kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u1edf CMU, sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i r\u1ed3i d\u1ef1ng “b\u1ea3n m\u1eabu”. Sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 100 t\u1edbi 150 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u1ecdi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi d\u1ef1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n, v\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e1n cho. N\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch n\u00f3, hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng th\u00ec \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 “kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ed1t” v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00ed do g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 khai tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ecd th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc v\u00ec h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00e0i l\u1ea7n nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd c\u0169ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u00fd ch\u00ed ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p. T\u00f4i n\u00f3i v\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i: \u201cC\u00e1c em ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o c\u00e1c em c\u00f2n th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y, c\u00e1c em \u0111ang h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t. C\u00e1c em c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb n\u00f3, c\u00e1c em s\u1ebd c\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c em s\u1ebd tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c sai l\u1ea7m m\u00e0 c\u00e1c em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i khi c\u00e1c em khai tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. M\u1ecdi nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.\u201d<\/p>\n
Trong t\u00e1m n\u0103m d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 qua cho sinh vi\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 khai tr\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01a1n 45 c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p. Sau nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eabn \u0111ang l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t m\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ec9 l\u1ee5c trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. CMU \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf M\u0129 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1edfi v\u00ec s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai tr\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00ec c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng cao, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1edfi c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p k\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u00e0 n\u00f3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn. T\u00f4i tin vi\u1ec7c khai tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 then ch\u1ed1t cho th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u0129 n\u0103ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i l\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd cho l\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t. T\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o sinh vi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd s\u1ee3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1ee7i ro, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ec th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i l\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
—English version—<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Some advices on entrepreneurship<\/p>\n
There are many approaches to entrepreneurship trainings, each has advantages and disadvantages. The traditional training approach is focusing on how to start a \u201ccompany\u201d where the main ideas for products and services are based on existing business. For example, open a small retail shop; start a bicycle repair shop; open a restaurant; or provide computer training services etc. The technology training approach is focusing on creating \u201cstartup\u201d where the ideas are based on science and technology innovations, even the business may not yet exist and the market is still unknown. Of course, this type of entrepreneurship is more risky, but the reward is unlimited. If you are technology students and have some ideas about creating your own startup then I have some advices:<\/p>\n
First you must determine if your ideas will fill a need, or solve a problem, and be welcomed in the market. Your success is depending on whether your ideas can provide values to the customers. In other word, if you spend time to develop that idea into a product, it must be worth something to the customers; else you are wasting your time. Do NOT believe in the business speculation theory of \u201cBuild it then money will come\u201d as it never works. A lot of students make the mistake of building something immediately because they think their idea is great then be disappointed and frustrated. Before you create your product, you need to evaluate your idea to ensure that it will at least have a chance to succeed.<\/p>\n
Of course, no one can guarantee anything so you must ask yourself: \u201cIs there a problem in the market that my product can solve? You must evaluate all problems in specific market to see if such a need exist. For example, thirty years ago, Bill Gates asked: \u201cThere is an electronic kit called \u201cAltair\u201d contains many parts that people can build into a real computer but it has no operating system. Is there a need to create an operating system for it? He and Paul Allen built the operating system but Altair Company did not buy it because as a hardware company, they do not see the need for software. But at the same time IBM was developing the Personal Computer and needed an operating system. Bill Gates approached IBM then PC-DOS and MS-DOS were created as it met their needs. Within few years, IBM PC became the fastest selling computer and Microsoft became the largest software company in the world. Of course, Bill Gates became the richest people on earth.<\/p>\n
There is a possibility that your idea may not be unique because others already have similar products in the market. Then you must ask: \u201cCan I build a product that has better functions, higher quality then sell at lower price to get the advantage? Basically, if you are not the first one in the market, you must build something at least five or ten times better than your competitor\u2019s product to succeed. For example, Apple\u2019s iPhone is not the first mobile phone in the market as Motorola and Nokia already have several mobile phones. Why does Apple always has long lines of people in front of their store eager to buy? The simple reason: Steve Job ordered iPhone to have better design, easier to use, higher quality and many mobile applications. That is why Apple wins and captures the mobile market. You can do the same for your startup by convincing users that your product is better than your competitors.<\/p>\n
To be technology entrepreneur, you must know the key success factor for startup. No, it is not the technology, not the price, and not the product. It is the customer because without customer, you do not have a business; and no business means no startup. So you must know what customers want. You must spend time to interact with potential customers. You do not need to build the \u201cperfect\u201d product as it takes time, but you can build a \u201cprototype\u201d then contact customers to ask whether they like it or not. You will receive a lot of feedback from those who may want to buy your product. Based on their feedbacks then you build your product. Because it has all the features and functions that customers already tell you that they want, they will definitely buy your product. This concept is so simple but you do not know how many people make the mistake by NOT asking. They think their idea is good, they think their product is brilliant and they waste time in develop a perfect product that may not have customers because it is not what they want.<\/p>\n
In my entrepreneurship courses at CMU, students must research market, identify opportunities then build a \u201cprototype\u201d. After that they must contact at least 100 to 150 potential customers and document all of their feedbacks before building the actual product. They also have to determine how much people are willing to pay, and how many customers they can sell to. If customers do not like it, or there are not enough customers then the idea is considered \u201cnot good enough\u201d and there is no reason to launch startup. This does not mean they failed but it is a lesson that they learn as they must learn from failure. Typically, most students fail several times but they also learn how to overcome obstacles, build their resiliency before graduate. I told my students: \u201cYou must learn about failure. As long as you fail in my class, you are doing well. The more you fail and learn from it, the better grade you will receive. By learning from failure, you will avoid mistakes that you may make when you launch your own startup. Every entrepreneur must learn from failures.\u201d<\/p>\n
In the past eight years teaching entrepreneurship for computer science and software engineering students, the program has launched over 45 startups. After several years, most startups are still doing well which is a record among universities. CMU is rated among top entrepreneurship programs in the U.S. not because the number of startups launched as other schools have more but we have high rate of success, measured by how long the startup lasts and how fast it grows into big company. I believe launching startup with a strong focus on product that meet customers\u2019 needs is the key to success. What students build is solely based on their own skills, their own innovations, their own creativity, and their hard works. But having them learned from failures is the lesson that students told me that they value the most. I often told students, if they are afraid of failure, do not want to take risks, they cannot be entrepreneur as failure is the best lesson for their future success.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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