M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n h\u1ecfi: \u201cN\u1ebfu kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 “khoa h\u1ecdc” m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y cho sinh vi\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p, t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p?” T\u00f4i b\u1ea3o anh \u1ea5y: \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc (STEM) v\u00ec ch\u00fang l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, s\u1ebd kh\u00f3 cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u00ean kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf.\u201d<\/p>\n
Khi t\u00f4i d\u1ea1y \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1, t\u00f4i nghe nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u1ea5y h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. Khi t\u1edbi th\u0103m c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c l\u1edbp kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng Kinh doanh n\u01a1i sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf, qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh. M\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y cho sinh vi\u00ean v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng ti nh\u01b0ng cho d\u00f9 sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p, sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1n. T\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho \u00f4ng \u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng Kinh doanh. Sai l\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng Kinh doanh l\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti nh\u1ecf. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p KH\u00d4NG ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti nh\u1ecf. C\u00f4ng ti l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m hay d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t “t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u00e2m th\u1eddi” \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch kinh doanh n\u01a1i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n
Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p n\u00ean h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hay \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t nhu c\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti. Do \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p cho sinh vi\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc hay c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn logic. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111em t\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1edbi, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o kinh doanh l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng theo c\u00e1c qui t\u1eafc kinh doanh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft kinh t\u1ebf, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch kinh doanh \u0111\u1ec3 cho m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n l\u00e0 tu\u00e2n theo c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c qui tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn \u0111ang l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u00ec s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ai bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi. V\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ebf, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 coi c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti nh\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n
V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m; n\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c kinh doanh r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 nh\u01b0ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 cho d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ec3 cho sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0 Bill Gates hay Steve Jobs v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p \u0111ang h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0o vinh quang ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0o th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong \u0111\u1ee3i s\u1ebd l\u00e0m ra nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y cho v\u1ec1 gia t\u0103ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u00e0m ra ti\u1ec1n m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c hay l\u00e0m cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh ch\u1ed7 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Ti\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n
V\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ebf b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y cho c\u00e1ch x\u1eed tr\u00ed v\u1edbi th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh cho nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1 l\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01a1i h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. R\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 t\u00ecm ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n gi\u1ecfi. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p ch\u00e2u \u00c1 \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, \u1edf ch\u1ed7 bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc n\u00ean t\u1ea1o ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng cho nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi nhau. C\u00e1c l\u1edbp kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p n\u00ean l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 sinh vi\u00ean d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian c\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c hay c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0a \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n
Kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebft, sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m thay v\u00ec ghi nh\u1edb c\u00e1c l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn “h\u1ecdc qua h\u00e0nh” l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o cho ki\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p, sinh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00e0i l\u1ea7n xem nh\u01b0 “kinh nghi\u1ec7m h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp” trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean t\u00ednh ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i: \u201cSai l\u1ea7m l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a t\u00f4i t\u1edbi kinh nghi\u1ec7m h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 chung cu\u1ed9c t\u1edbi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i.” Thay v\u00ec d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed, l\u1edbp kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t t\u00e2m l\u00ed li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro, v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i tin d\u1ea1y kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
—English version—<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Teaching Entrepreneurship<\/p>\n
A friend asked: \u201cIf entrepreneurship is a \u201cscience\u201d that can be taught and replicated then how can developing countries teach students to be entrepreneurs, create startups to improve economy, and solve unemployment problem? I told him: \u201cIt must start by promoting more on science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) because they are the foundation of innovations. Without technology innovations, it would be difficult for entrepreneurs to create startups that can make a difference to the economy.\u201d<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
When I taught in Asia, I heard a lot of talks about entrepreneurship and startups but I had not seen much actions. When visited universities, I found entrepreneurship classes were mostly taught in Business school where students learned about economics, management and finance. A professor told me that they have a program to teach students on how to start companies but even students did create startups, after a short time, most failed. I explained to him that technology entrepreneurship should be taught in Technology school, not Business school. The commonly made mistake of Business school is they treat startup just like a small company. But startup is NOT a small company. A company is a business that has knowledge of customers, products or services as well as the market. A startup is a \u201ctemporary organization\u201d looking for customers and searching for business where the market is still unknown.<\/p>\n
Startup education should focus on the creation of innovated products that can solve problems or meet a need first, not how to start a company. Therefore teaching entrepreneurship to science or technology students is a logical approach. The ultimate goal of technology startup is to disrupt the market by bringing new values to a lot of people, and at the same time create new jobs, new markets, and new industries. The issue with business training is students often follow certain business rules, economic theories, finance methodology and develop business plan so all they need is follow the same processes that most large companies are doing to put the products out to the market. But entrepreneurship is not like that because their product is unknown, their customers are unknown, their market is unknown and their business is also unknown. Because there are so many uncertainties, you cannot treat startup like a small company.<\/p>\n
Basically, entrepreneurship is not a job; it is a very risky venture. It is not easy but people often glorify its success even there are so many failures that should be taught so students can learn from others\u2019 mistakes. Everyone wants to be Bill Gates or Steve Jobs and the problem is many entrepreneurship trainings are focusing mostly on the glory but not the defeat. Students are expected to make a lot of money before they are taught about adding value to the market. The purpose of entrepreneurship is not making money but create value products that can change the way people work or make the world a better place. Money is only the result of successfully providing solutions to solve problems.<\/p>\n
Because there are so many startup failures, students must be taught about how to deal with failures first. If they are not willing to overcome failure, they never succeed. A major issue for many entrepreneurs, especially in Asia is they do not have an environment where they can exchange ideas and learn from others. It is very difficult to find good advisors. Most Asian entrepreneurs are working by themselves, in isolation, based on their own thinking and creativity. I think university should create an environment for these entrepreneurs to meet and discuss their ideas with each other. Entrepreneur classes should be places in which students spend time with others or experienced entrepreneurs to discuss ideas on how to taking their ideas to the market.<\/p>\n
Entrepreneurship is as much about doing as it is about knowing, students should learn by doing rather than memorizing theories about startups. That is why \u201clearning by doing\u201d approach is perfect for this type of learning. To teach entrepreneurship, students will have to fail several times as “learning experience” in class\u2019 exercises so they can build their resiliency and characters. A famous successful entrepreneur has said: \u201cMy biggest failures led to my biggest learning experiences and eventually my success.” Instead of teaching about finance, economic and management, entrepreneurship class must teach about psychological costs associated with failure, risk mitigation, and personal development and that is why I believe teaching entrepreneurship in business programs is not effective.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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