{"id":463,"date":"2013-06-19T21:25:01","date_gmt":"2013-06-19T14:25:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=463"},"modified":"2013-06-19T21:25:01","modified_gmt":"2013-06-19T14:25:01","slug":"that-bai-du-an-phan-mem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=463","title":{"rendered":"Th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m"},"content":{"rendered":"

Theo m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1, t\u1ed5 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng\u00a087% c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i do c\u00e1c l\u00ed do sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1edf M\u0129 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, \u0111a s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m cho d\u00f9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c l\u1edbp hay nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. V\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hay qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao v\u00e0 h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n chi s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n nhanh nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c mua nhi\u1ec1u trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng cho t\u1ed5 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111ang c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u1ecf ra b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0o c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti thay v\u00ec qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t bao l\u00e2u, hay bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 cho n\u00f3. H\u1ecd h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra “b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n” b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 bao nhi\u00eau ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 chi m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u n\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng li\u00ean quan g\u00ec t\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n r\u1ee7i ro hay k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 r\u1ee7i ro v\u00ec h\u1ecd coi r\u1ee7i ro l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 may hay kh\u00f4ng may.<\/p>\n

3)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n k\u0129 n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c chi ti\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eb3ng ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o b\u00e1o c\u00e1o t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

4)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i, h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n gi\u1eef h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ecdi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 chi ph\u00ed hay l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed5 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1eef tin x\u1ea5u kh\u1ecfi lan t\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng hay qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao h\u01a1n v\u00ec h\u1ecd tin r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

5)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Khi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i, h\u1ecd s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, chi th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. H\u1ecd tin r\u1eb1ng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c s\u1ebd t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng tin r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 th\u00eam s\u1ebd \u0111em t\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh quan t\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1ng cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, h\u1ecd tin kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Software project failures<\/p>\n

According to a Japanese university\u2019s study on software project failures in Asia, the research team found that\u00a087% of software projects often fail due to the following reasons:<\/p>\n

1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0In contrast to software project managers in the U.S. and Europe, a majority of software project managers in Asia are not software people. Many do not know how to manage software projects even some may have taken classes or receive project management certificates. Few managers know about software project life cycle or software development process. Most receive funding for the project from senior managers and they like to spend money as fast as possible by buying more equipments, hardware, network systems then order the project teams to begin coding to prove that projects are making progress.<\/p>\n

2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Without appropriate project management skills, many try to look busy by spending more time in company\u2019s meetings rather than managing projects. Most know nothing about project estimating, how long the project should take, or how many people should be on it. They learn to create a \u201cproject plan\u201d using template with detailed schedule on how much money would be spend although it has nothing to do with the actual project\u2019s progress. There is no risk identification or risk mitigation plan as they consider risk is the issue of luck or unlucky.<\/p>\n

3)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0To demonstrate their management skills, they frequent call project meetings where they request team members to analyze everything into level of details but accomplish nothing and contribute little to getting the work done. Many managers rely on their lead developer to get things done and often put them in charge so that they can guide others. These managers do not know how to monitor progress but often rely on report from the lead developer.<\/p>\n

4)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0When requirements change, they want to keep a positive image with customers by accept all request for changes without question them. Most do not know how to negotiate on costs or schedule but often prove that they are responsive to customers by forcing the team to work harder. They tend to keep bad news from reaching customers or higher level of management as they believe that most things can be resolved without causing a commotion.<\/p>\n

5)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0When project is in trouble, they are willing to add more people, spend more money to keep things back to normal. They believe that by having more people, thing would get better. They also believe that more additional people will bring a fresh perspective to the project. By asking for more support and people, they believe customer will see that they are really taking the situation seriously.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Theo m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1, t\u1ed5 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ea5y … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-463","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-quan-li-du-an"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/463","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=463"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/463\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":464,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/463\/revisions\/464"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=463"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=463"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=463"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}