{"id":455,"date":"2013-06-19T21:19:52","date_gmt":"2013-06-19T14:19:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=455"},"modified":"2013-06-21T10:54:04","modified_gmt":"2013-06-21T03:54:04","slug":"xu-huong-phan-cuc-viec-lam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=455","title":{"rendered":"Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trong m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m qua, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, trong khi c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 theo chi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, d\u1eabn t\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m\u201d m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng kinh t\u1ebf \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01b0\u1edbc. Trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn, l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec1 tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao v\u00e0 th\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Khi ph\u1ea7n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea5p \u0111ang b\u1ecb co l\u1ea1i. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean s\u1ebd d\u1eabn t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/span><\/p>\n

Theo m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2000 s\u1ef1 t\u1ea3n m\u00e1c v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec1 \u0111ang t\u0103ng l\u00ean v\u1edbi l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng b\u1ecb d\u1eabn l\u00e1i ch\u00ednh b\u1edfi l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u0103ng trong c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n k\u0129 n\u0103ng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 Khoa h\u1ecdc, M\u00e1y t\u00ednh, To\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, l\u01b0\u01a1ng trung b\u00ecnh cho ngh\u1ec1 M\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 $58,000 n\u0103m 2000, t\u0103ng l\u00ean $87,000 trong n\u0103m 2010. T\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n l\u1ea1i, l\u01b0\u01a1ng trong c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eefng l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n b\u1ecb s\u00fat gi\u1ea3m trong th\u1eddi k\u00ec n\u00e0y. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, l\u01b0\u01a1ng trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng r\u1edbt t\u1eeb $48,000 n\u0103m 2000 xu\u1ed1ng $45,000 trong n\u0103m 2010. Trong khi l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n Ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, Ngh\u1ec1 n\u00f4ng, L\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong l\u01b0\u01a1ng, ho\u00e1 ra l\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u0169ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng. N\u0103m vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m “k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao” h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u0103ng 65% v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u l\u1edbn; m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111ang tr\u1ea3i qua thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. N\u0103m vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m “k\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5p” \u1edf h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e1y s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m 32% v\u00e0 \u0111ang tr\u1ea3i qua s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf tin r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb “Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o” sang “Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin” \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nhanh h\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n. V\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 Internet, nhi\u1ec1u thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 nhanh h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1edbi ch\u00fang. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cPh\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t 45 n\u0103m cho vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb “Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p” sang “Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o” v\u00ec c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb khu v\u1ef1c n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n ra th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. \u00cdt c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o; ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1i m\u00e1y ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n. L\u00fac ban \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m n\u1eefa cho t\u1edbi khi Henry Ford ph\u00e1t minh ra d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n l\u1eafp r\u00e1p v\u00e0 Frederick Taylor ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 \u201cTh\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o\u201d m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi “Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin,” m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 x\u1ea3y ra nhanh th\u1ebf v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho n\u00f3. Kh\u00f4ng ai d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn. Internet \u0111\u00e3 th\u00eam v\u00e0o chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c m\u1ecdi thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00ec m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i. To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ngang qua bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c gia. V\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng, ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i qua IP \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean l\u1ea1c nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n, m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp. Sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n; c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cai qu\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Kh\u00f4ng may, nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fat n\u00e0o, \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u1eabn t\u1edbi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng suy tho\u00e1i ch\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 Hi L\u1ea1p, T\u00e2y Ban Nha, v\u00e0 B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha c\u00f3 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p r\u1ea5t cao, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n tr\u1ebb. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00fang, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd l\u00e0 g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u00e0 k\u00e9o n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf xu\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn. Th\u1ea3m ho\u1ea1 kinh t\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 Italy v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p n\u01a1i th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111ang l\u00ean nhanh v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 li\u00ean h\u1ee3p ch\u00e2u \u00c2u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tan v\u1ee1.<\/p>\n

T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00ec n\u00f3 b\u1ecb t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 khi nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1eabn l\u00e1i then ch\u1ed1t n\u00e0y d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i, to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf s\u1ebd b\u1ecb t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u01a1n cho nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf m\u1ea5t qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 mong manh n\u00e0y. Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng khi th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Singapore c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111i l\u00ean tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u trong khi Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng do vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eadm thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng M\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1edbn t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng l\u00ean trong s\u1ed1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u00a0trong c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00edt nh\u1ea5t. V\u1edbi thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao v\u00e0 d\u01b0 th\u1eeba ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u1edf M\u0129 trong hai th\u1eadp k\u1ec9 qua m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p tho\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng trong t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The Job polarization trend<\/p>\n

In the past ten years, the global workforce has undergone a significant restructuring in response to changes in technology, trade, and globalization issues. Some areas such as technologies and healthcare have expanded, while others such as agriculture and manufacturing have contracted. These changes have impacted the composition of the workforce, leading to a phenomenon called \u201cjob polarization\u201d an important factor contributing to economic inequality in every country. In just a short time, the wage gap between high and low-paid occupations has widened significantly. As the share of jobs in high paying has grown, the low paying jobs are shrinking. Many economists have warned that rising wages inequality will lead to major society issues and unstable economy in every country.<\/p>\n

According to a global study of several western countries, beginning in 2000 the dispersion in wages among occupations is growing with the gap being driven primarily by rising wages in occupations at the top skills such as Science, Computer, Math, Engineers, and Management. For example, the median wage for Computer occupations was roughly $58,000 in 2000, rising to $87,000 in 2010. By contrast, wages in the lower skills have been stagnant, and even declined over this period. For example, the median wage of construction workers fell from $48,000 in 2000 to $45,000 in 2010. While the wages of Manufacturing, Farming, Food workers are generally unchanged. Beside the change in wages, it turns out that job growth also occurred disproportionately. The top five \u201chigh skill\u201d jobs increase 65% with significant demand; some areas such as technology and computing are experiencing a shortage of workers. The bottom five \u201clow skill\u201d jobs decline 32% and experiencing a large amount of unemployed workers.<\/p>\n

Many economists believe that the transition from the \u201cManufacturing age\u201d to the \u201cInformation age\u201d has occurred faster than most people have predicted. With globalization and the Internet, many changes are happening at much faster speed and most governments are not prepared to deal with them. An economist explained: \u201cIt took 45 years for the transition from \u201cAgriculture age\u201d to \u201cManufacturing age\u201d as factories were built and people moved from rural countries to cities to work. There were little trainings to work in manufacturing jobs; a farmer could learn to operate a machine in just few weeks. In the beginning, factories were not operating efficiency and it took another ten years until Henry Ford invented the assembly lines and Frederick Taylor developed the management systems, the \u201cManufacturing age\u201d is fully established. However, with the \u201cInformation age\u201d, things happen so fast and no one can prepare for it. No one would predict that Information technology could automate everything in a just a short time. The Internet added another dimension and speeded up all changes as everything was connected. Globalization contributed to the movement of works across national borders. With technologies such as mobile phones, voice over IP that made communication faster and more efficient, everything changed and everything is being impacted.\u201d<\/p>\n

To accommodate these changes, education system must change to keep up. Students must be taught about these changes so they know what skills are needed; government systems must change to accommodate these changes and playing active roles in making sure that their countries can be governed effectively. Unfortunately, many governments did not anticipate it at all which leads to current major recessions situations in Europe. Countries like Greece, Spain, and Portugal have very high unemployment, especially among the young workers. Without proper trainings, without skills, they will be a burden to their economies in the future and pull down the economies further with no sign of improvement. The next economic disaster could be Italy and France where unemployment are rising fast and if there is no appropriate solutions, The entire European union could go down and possible breakup.<\/p>\n

The situation in Asia is not better as it is impacted by what happened in developed countries. Countries such as China, India are mostly depending on export of products and services and when these key drivers stop, the entire economy will be impacted. Without growth and changes, unemployment will rise and create more issues to these vulnerable and imbalanced economies. Even countries like Japan, S. Korea could be impacted as their trading business show down. However, with a strong education systems in place, most analysts predicted that Japan, S. Korea and Singapore could overcome these changes and come out ahead where China may not be able to overcome impact due to its slow to change education system and management infrastructure.<\/p>\n

The U.S. workforce has undergone a significant restructuring since the 1990s. Along with an increase in the number of high skill jobs but there has been a growing wage gap between workers in jobs that pay the most and those that pay the least. With a critical shortage of high skilled jobs and an abundant of unemployment at the lower ends, the wider gap in wages among these occupations has become more polarized in the United States over the past two decades with no appropriate solution in sight.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Trong m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m qua, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-455","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/455","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=455"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/455\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":596,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/455\/revisions\/596"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=455"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=455"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=455"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}