M\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i: \u201cTh\u1ea7y c\u00f3 cho r\u1eb1ng sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng? Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o? Xin th\u1ea7y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch.\u201d<\/p>\n
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\u0110\u00e1p: Sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn h\u1ecd. Trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1t n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u00fang t\u1eeb th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o.\u00a0 Trong h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o cho sinh vi\u00ean m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd mong \u0111\u1ee3i sinh vi\u00ean ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 cho sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng tri th\u1ee9c. Th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a l\u1edbp v\u00e0o m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u h\u01a1n, s\u1eeda b\u1ea5t k\u00ec hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m n\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u00f4n l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5. Th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o ph\u00e2n chia t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb h\u1ecdc r\u1ed3i thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch h\u1ecdc r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho t\u1eebng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb r\u1ed3i ch\u1ecdn t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecdc t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u1eebng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb n\u01a1i sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng TR\u01af\u1edaC KHI t\u1edbi l\u1edbp.<\/p>\n
H\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. Chia t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t r\u1ed3i t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp cho t\u1eebng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u0129 n\u0103ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 n\u00f3. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbp d\u1eabn t\u1edbi th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u0169ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean h\u1ecfi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh \u201cM\u00ecnh mu\u1ed1n sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc c\u00e1i g\u00ec?\u201d; \u201cL\u00e0m sao m\u00ecnh ch\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00ean l\u1edbp?\u201d; \u201cN\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u00e0o m\u00ecnh mu\u1ed1n sinh vi\u00ean x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00ean l\u1edbp?\u201d; \u201cLo\u1ea1i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0o m\u00ecnh n\u00ean h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho sinh vi\u00ean \u0111i v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn?\u201d; \u201cSinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tri th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o sau th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp?; \u201cL\u00e0m sao m\u00ecnh \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd?\u201d<\/p>\n
Trong h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh hay nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn th\u1eddi gian tr\u00ean l\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh cho th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn n\u01a1i sinh vi\u00ean di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y CH\u1ec8 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng n\u1ebfu sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng TR\u01af\u1edaC KHI t\u1edbi l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n
Khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c cho vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n r\u1ed3i quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1ch sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1ch qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1eeb t\u1eeb cho t\u1edbi khi h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y. L\u00fac ban \u0111\u1ea7u, sinh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 \u201cTh\u1ea7y mu\u1ed1n ch\u00fang em l\u00e0m c\u00e1i g\u00ec?\u201d hay \u201cT\u1ea1i sao th\u1ea7y h\u1ecfi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00f3?\u201d hay \u201cT\u1ea1i sao th\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3ng?\u201d \u0110\u1eebng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i n\u1ebfu t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra. Th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o n\u00ean b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng quan m\u1ee9c cao \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 \u201cC\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?” Hay \u201cGi\u1ea3i th\u00edch xem l\u00e0m sao \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi nhau?\u201d\u00a0 Nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec3u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y s\u1ebd khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch sinh vi\u00ean tham gia v\u00e0o trong th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi “\u0111\u00fang” hay “sai”. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 cho sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i tham gia v\u00e0o th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i v\u00e0o m\u1ee9c s\u00e2u h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc k\u0129 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c l\u00e0 h\u1ecfi sinh vi\u00ean c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0m h\u1ecd quan t\u00e2m. \u0110\u1eeaNG b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 qu\u00e1 h\u00e0n l\u00e2m m\u00e0 h\u1ecfi h\u1ecd \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd ch\u1ecdn b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0o v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng cho h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb b\u00e1o ch\u00ed, t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed hay websites k\u0129 thu\u1eadt r\u1ed3i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd \u0111em t\u1edbi l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn. \u0110\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng cho c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em c\u00e1c b\u00e0i b\u00e1o k\u0129 thu\u1eadt t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u00e1o, t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed hay website th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 t\u1edbi l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn. V\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0o h\u1ecd th\u00edch, th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fa v\u1ecb nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 iPhone c\u1ee7a Apple; k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Google t\u1edbi chuy\u1ec3n giao s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u1eb1ng tr\u1ef1c th\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Amazon v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a Facebook hay vi\u1ec7c mua Instagram bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng l\u00e0m cho sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa trong th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1eebng t\u1ed5 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u00e0i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y k\u0129 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eafn cho l\u1edbp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1edbp th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111ang h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. Th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o n\u00ean y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sinh vi\u00ean th\u0103m d\u00f2 c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd hay cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n: \u201cC\u00e1c em c\u00f3 cho r\u1eb1ng k\u00ednh Google s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c em kh\u00f4ng?”, “T\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c em ngh\u0129 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1ea3ng s\u1ebd thay th\u1ebf cho m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n?” Khi sinh vi\u00ean b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi v\u00e0i ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt h\u1ecd s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 g\u1ee3i \u00fd nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i b\u00e1o k\u0129 thu\u1eadt cho th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn. Khi sinh vi\u00ean quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o s\u1ebd d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n h\u01a1n li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc trong m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean hi\u1ec7n h\u1ecfi. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n \u201cN\u1ebfu m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1ea3ng s\u1ebd thay th\u1ebf cho m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n th\u00ec c\u00e1c em s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m cho m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1ea3ng?\u201d; \u201cC\u00e1c em c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng di \u0111\u1ed9ng?\u201d; \u201cKh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t g\u00ec gi\u1eefa ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m cho m\u00e1y PC v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n app cho di \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1ea3ng?\u201d<\/p>\n
L\u00e0 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o, th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng ch\u00fang ta qu\u00ean m\u1ea5t r\u1eb1ng sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch nghe gi\u1ea3ng v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, t\u1eeb ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc t\u1edbi trung h\u1ecdc. Do \u0111\u00f3, v\u1edbi h\u1ecd ng\u1ed3i v\u00e0 nghe l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch tham gia t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0o trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc V\u00c0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd KH\u00d4NG h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1eeb phi ch\u00fang ta bu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 KH\u00d4NG d\u1ec5 v\u00e0 n\u00f3 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00f3i quen h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea1nh tranh vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n tri th\u1ee9c ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
L\u00e0 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y nay sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0o v\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao h\u1ecd thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang. Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m ch\u00fang ta t\u1edbi l\u1edbp v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c cho r\u1eb1ng sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o h\u1ecd, gi\u1ea3ng cho h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 hi v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb ch\u00fang ta. Vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9c trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i r\u1eb1ng sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta t\u1edbi l\u1edbp v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng h\u1ecdc. Vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn h\u1ecd v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecd t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n
Nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea3o sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00ean l\u1edbp. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi t\u1eeb t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa \u00fd r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i. T\u00f4i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c: \u201cV\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c em \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 C\u00e2y nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi v\u00e0i nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. H\u00e3y chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 sau: \u201cV\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 cho, t\u00ecm ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i.\u201d Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 C\u00e2y nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ecf ra b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i. Trong v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y sau, t\u00f4i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong l\u1edbp v\u00e0 cho \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ee5 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m. Trong v\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n hay \u0111\u1ea1i lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc TR\u01af\u1edaC KHI t\u1edbi l\u1edbp v\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n
T\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd NH\u01afNG vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u1ea1i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n
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—English version—<\/p>\n
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Teaching with active learning method<\/p>\n
A teacher asked me: \u201cDo you think students can learn course materials on their own with active learning? In that case, why do they need teachers? Please explain.\u201d<\/p>\n
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Answer: \u201cStudents can learn materials on their own but they need teachers to guide them. In active learning method, the role of teachers is very important and students cannot learn well without proper guidance from teachers.\u00a0 In active learning, teachers give students clear objectives of what they expect students to accomplish and good reading materials so students can teach themselves the basics to build the knowledge foundation. Class discussion is the place where teachers ask questions to lead the class into a deeper level of learning, correct any misunderstanding and review any unclear concepts. Teachers divide the course materials into several units of learning then establish clear learning goals for each unit then select reading materials corresponding to each unit where students can develop the foundation BEFORE coming to class.<\/p>\n
Active learning requires more efforts from teacher than traditional lecturing method. Breaking up materials into separate units then creating learning goals for each is a skill that require teachers to do it several times to master it. Designing class activities that lead to effective discussions also requires a lot of time and experiences to make it effective. Teachers must constantly ask themselves \u201cWhat do I want students to learn?\u201d; \u201cHow do I make sure that students read assigned materials before coming to class?\u201d; \u201cWhat are the basic foundation that I want students to build before class?\u201d; \u201cWhat kind of questions should I ask to get students into discussion activities?\u201d; \u201cWhat knowledge can students develop after class discussion?; \u201cHow do I measure their learning effectiveness?\u201d<\/p>\n
In active learning, teachers only lectures on the main concepts or important things that students must know and most of the class time is for discussion where students expressing their views, asking questions, answering questions and working on problems. However, this method ONLY works if students have learned the basics by reading the assigned materials BEFORE coming to class so they are ready to learn more things.<\/p>\n
When apply active learning method to teaching, teachers should start with simple concept then watch how students react to observe how the active learning process happens and adjust slowly until they can master this method. In the beginning, students will often react negatively such as \u201cWhat do you want us to do?\u201d or \u201cWhy do you ask that question?\u201d or \u201cWhy don\u2019t you lecture?\u201d Do not feel uncomfortable if this situation happens because it will. Teachers should start with a simple high level overview such as \u201cHow does information technology impact our society?” or \u201cExplain how smartphone changes the way people communicate with each other?\u201d\u00a0 These types of questions will encourage students to participate in class discussion as it does not impose a \u201cRight\u201d or \u201cWrong\u201d answers. You need to have several discussions like that to let students feel comfortable to participate in class discussion before go to the deeper level of technical learning.<\/p>\n
The easiest way to start with active learning is to ask students what interests them. Do NOT start with something too academic but ask them what they care about. Let them choose any technical topic and assign them to read about that from newspapers, magazines or technical websites than ask them to bring to class for discussion. To start, I often assign students to work in teams to bring technical articles from current newspapers, magazines or websites to the class for discussion. Since they can choose what technology they like, the class discussion often gets more interesting. Topics such as Apple iPhone; Google\u2019s glass to Amazon \u2018s delivery products by drones and Facebook\u2019s sharing information or the acquisition of Instagram always make students get excited in discussions.<\/p>\n
The next step is to ask each team to prepare a short technical presentation to the class and let the class discuss about that topic. This will help develop their soft-skills and make them feel that they are learning actively. Teacher should ask students to explore how that technical topic impacts their career or personal lives. For example: \u201cWhat do you think Google glass will change your life?”; “Why do you think tablets will replace personal computer?” When students begin to interest in several technical topics they will learn more and suggest more technical articles for discussions. When students are familiar with class discussion, teachers will slowly asking more specific questions relate to what students must learn in the course starting with the questions that students currently ask. For example \u201cIf tablets will replace personal computer then what skills do you need to develop software for tablets?\u201d; \u201cWhat do you need to know about tablets and mobile application?\u201d; \u201cWhat is the difference between develop software for PC and develop app for mobile and tablets?\u201d<\/p>\n
As teachers, sometimes we forget that students are capable to learn the materials on their own. Of course, many like to listen to lecture because they have been doing that for many years, from elementary to high school. Therefore, it is easier and comfortable for them to sit and listen but they need to learn how to actively engage in to the learning process AND they will NOT learn that unless we force them to. It is NOT easy and it is challenging to teachers but today, technology changes fast and if students do not develop the lifelong learning habit, they will not be able to compete for jobs in this global market. Without a new generation of knowledge workers we will never be able to build a knowledge society and build a strong economy in this information age.<\/p>\n
As teachers, we need to remind ourselves that today students not only need to learn the material, they must also learn how to make decisions about their career and their lives, they need to know what knowledge that they must have, what skills they must develop and how do they acquire them. For many years we come to class expecting our students to be unprepared so we have to tell them, lecture to them, and hope that they will learn something from us. That passive learning is no longer valid in this fast changing world. We need to change our teaching method and expect that our students come to class and are ready to learn. Our job is to guide them and encourage them to learn the material by themselves based on our guidance.<\/p>\n
Several years ago when I began to apply this method, I told my students to read the materials before class. Of course few did, but I started to ask questions from the reading materials and pretended not to notice that most students were uncomfortable. I continued: \u201cSince all of you have read and learned about Binary Tree, let us begin with some simple tasks. Please prepare to solve the following problem: \u201cGiven a complete binary tree, find a Maximum element.\u201d Those who read the chapter about Binary Tree immediately started solving problem but many who did not were embarrassed. For the next few days, I continued to pretend that all students have read the materials and continued by asking them to solve problems in class and gave extra points to those who did. Within a week or so, most students began to study BEFORE coming to class and their attitude began to change.<\/p>\n
I believe that students are capable of learning materials on their own BUT successfully creating an active learning classroom requires teachers who can give proper guidance and support to help them develop the skills and attitudes so they can become active life-long learners.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
M\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i: \u201cTh\u1ea7y c\u00f3 cho r\u1eb1ng sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng h\u1ecdc … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4485","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4485","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4485"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4485\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4486,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4485\/revisions\/4486"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4485"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4485"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4485"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}