Tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o tr\u1ebb n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i: \u201cT\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 c\u00e2y nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n. T\u00f4i d\u00e0nh ra hai tu\u1ea7n d\u1ea1y h\u1ecd nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u n\u00f3. Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng.\u201d<\/p>\n
T\u00f4i b\u1ea3o anh \u1ea5y: \u201cL\u00e0 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o d\u1ea1y khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean th\u1ebf v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n v\u00ec b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 chuy\u00ean gia nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n th\u1eddi gian. \u0110i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n b\u1ea1n v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean c\u1ed1 hi\u1ec3u \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed sinh vi\u00ean v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y. \u0110i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n l\u00e0 gi\u00fap cho sinh vi\u00ean nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m, l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n hay sai l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.\u201d<\/p>\n
Anh \u1ea5y h\u1ecfi: \u201cTh\u1ea7y g\u1ee3i \u00fd g\u00ec?\u201d<\/p>\n
T\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cKhi h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u1edbi, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3ng b\u00e0i v\u00e0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n h\u1ecfi h\u1ecd c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, cho h\u1ecd c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u n\u00f3. H\u1ecfi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00ec b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ai trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u00e0 ai kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. C\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u1edbi l\u00e0 cho sinh vi\u00ean c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0m n\u00f3 v\u00e0i l\u1ea7n h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng. Sau khi cho b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sinh vi\u00ean nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t k\u00ec kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, hay l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u1edbi. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ecd \u0111ang g\u1eb7p r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c cho h\u1ecd nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y trong l\u1edbp nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chuy\u1ec3n sang ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfp. B\u1ea1n n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u00f3 cho l\u1edbp b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i n\u00f3 tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3 thay v\u00ec b\u1ea1n cho h\u1ecd c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang. Sau \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y h\u01a1i ch\u00fat v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u1ea3 l\u1edbp l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c qua nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3 theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u1ebfn l\u00fac n\u00e0y, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang b\u1ecb l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n cho n\u00ean b\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c l\u00ean gi\u1ea3i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u1ea3 l\u1edbp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai. B\u1ea1n s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec3 cho l\u1edbp l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean n\u00f3 l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba \u0111\u1ec3 xem li\u1ec7u c\u00f2n ai v\u1eabn g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n kh\u00f4ng. L\u00e0 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cung c\u1ea5p tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201cV\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, khi c\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd. Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu t\u1ef1 tin n\u00e0y ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u1edbi. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c cho h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao thay v\u00ec t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n b\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng \u0111en, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y hai hay ba l\u1ea7n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 cho sinh vi\u00ean bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd gi\u1ea3i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0i l\u1ea7n cho t\u1edbi khi h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3 thay v\u00ec cho c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang cho n\u00ean sinh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc qua nh\u1ecbp ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf “l\u00e0m n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc n\u00f3.\u201d B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i cho c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, b\u1ea1n khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c xem c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c cho. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f9ng l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u00f2ng tin v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
—English version—<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Teaching new concept<\/p>\n
Last week, a young teacher told me: \u201cI do not understand why so many students are having difficulty with basic concepts such as sorts, searches, and binary tree. I spent two weeks teaching them but most still do not understand it. It is frustrating.\u201d<\/p>\n
I told him: \u201cAs computer science teacher, these basic concepts are so obvious to you because you are the expert but to the students, this is the first time they learn it so they need time. What you need is to put yourself in the student\u2019s place, you should try to understand what is happening in the student\u2019s mind as they have not yet developed the skills. What you need is to help students identify their misunderstanding, confusion, or errors and correct them so they can learn and develop their own skills.\u201d<\/p>\n
He asked: \u201cWhat do you suggest?\u201d<\/p>\n
I explained: \u201cWhen learning new concept, there are things that students do not clearly understand. You cannot just lecture and expect them to know everything but you need to ask them questions, give them problems to solve to prove that they understand it. Asking questions is easy but not effective because you do not know who among them understand well and who do not since only some will answer your questions. A better way to teach new concept is to give students some tasks to do to demonstrate that they know the concept well and by actually doing it several times they will develop the skills. After given lecture, you need to ask students to identify any specific difficulties, or confusions about the new concept. If they cannot describe them, you should determine where they are having trouble by give them some simple tasks to solve. This slows down the class teaching but it is important to build a solid foundation before go to the next topics. You should select a student who completes the task well to explain it to the class by solving it on the black board so others can see it rather than you give them the correct answer. After that, you modify the task slightly and have the whole class works through the task on their own. By this time, most students should be able to do that but there are few who are still confused so you select another student to solve the task on the board again so the whole class can see how the problem is solved the second time. You modify the task again then let the class works on it the third time to see if anyone is still having difficulty. As teacher, you should let students solve problems themselves and only provide assistance when needed.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201cBasically, when trying to solve problems, many students are unsure of themselves. This lack of confidence prevent them from learning the new concept. It is important to encourage them to be independent by giving them some feeling of accomplishment. That is why instead of solving the problem yourself on the black board, you should let other students do it and continue the task two or three times. This will provide positive reinforcement to let students know that they can do it themselves. It is important to let them solve problems several times until they actually learn it rather than give the correct answer so student will learn that there is no such instant solution. They must learn through their own pace of actually \u201cdoing it to learn it.\u201d By refuse to give the answer, you encourage them to learn by seeing examples of problem solving given by other students. If their classmates can do it, they can do it too and this is where they learn to build confident in themselves and develop their own problem solving skills.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o tr\u1ebb n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i: \u201cT\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4479","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4479","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4479"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4479\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4480,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4479\/revisions\/4480"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4479"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4479"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4479"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}