M\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o tr\u1ebb vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cD\u1ec5 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean sinh vi\u00ean. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc c\u00e1i g\u00ec. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0 qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec. Xin th\u1ea7y gi\u00fap.\u201d<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u0110\u00e1p: \u0110\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 “\u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1” d\u1eabn l\u00e1i sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean d\u00f9 h\u1ecd l\u00e0 “ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc n\u00f4ng” hay “ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u” v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean h\u1ecd kh\u00e1c \u0111i.<\/p>\n
Sinh vi\u00ean ki\u1ec3u \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc n\u00f4ng\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean b\u1edfi ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 l\u1eddi ca ng\u1ee3i. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t trong b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng tham gia s\u00e2u v\u00e0o trong m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1. H\u1ecd s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra r\u1ed3i qu\u00ean t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc n\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu b\u1eb1ng ham mu\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. L\u00ed do h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111i s\u00e2u l\u00e0 v\u00ec h\u1ecd tin r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ec thi nh\u01b0ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111i ra ngo\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00ec s\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean h\u1ecd, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 cho \u0111i\u1ec3m. Ki\u1ec3m tra ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u1ec9 ra \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng tr\u00e1nh ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh b\u1ea5t k\u00ec vi\u1ec7c tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t n\u00e0o. Trong b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u00ec nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean n\u00e0y mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 ra t\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00edch tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc th\u00eam v\u1ec1 n\u00f3. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho h\u1ecd c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n
Sinh vi\u00ean ki\u1ec3u \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean b\u1edfi c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd th\u00edch. H\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m h\u1ecd quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0 \u01b0a th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edfng hay ph\u1ea1t. H\u1ecd th\u00edch ngh\u0129 nhi\u1ec1u trong th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n l\u00e2u v\u00e0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd th\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00f3ng th\u1eb3ng m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc. Sinh vi\u00ean ki\u1ec3u ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng th\u00edch ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f3 cho n\u00ean th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean n\u00e0y t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng cho h\u1ecd c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m thay v\u00ec ghi nh\u1edb hay hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3. T\u00f4i c\u0169ng cho nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean n\u00e0y nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang h\u1ecd. T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 cho nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean n\u00e0y ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u00e0 h\u1ecd quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0 cho h\u1ecd nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi ch\u00fang theo kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 th\u00eam v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd qua c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nguy\u00ean l\u00ed n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
—English version—<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
How to motivate students<\/p>\n
A young teacher wrote to me: \u201cIt is easy to talk about motivating students. I have tried to motivate my students but they seem not wanting to learn anything. Some students told me that all they want is to pass my class and get a degree. I do not know what to do. Please help.\u201d<\/p>\n
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Answer: Motivation is the process that guides certain behaviors. It is the \u201cengine\u201d that drives students to achieve something. However to motivate them effectively, you need to understand certain characters of students whether they are \u201cSurface learners\u201d or \u201cDeep learners\u201d and motivate them differently.<\/p>\n
\u201cSurface learner\u201d students are motivated by reward such as grades and praises. They can do well in tests but may not engage deeply in a subject. They will learn as much as they need to pass tests then forget the material when complete the course. Surface learners are motivated mostly by a desire to avoid failure. The reason they do not want to go deep because they believe that they may fail. That is why they only do what it takes to pass exam but will not go beyond the minimum required for fear of failure. To motivate them, teachers must start by placing emphasis on testing and grading. Tests should be a way showing what they have learned, not what they have not to encourage them to study more but avoid criticism. You may provide feedback on their work but emphasize opportunities to improve, and avoid any punishment. In lecture, you should use more examples because these students want to be shown why a concept is useful before they want to study it further. You need to remind them about how the course materials will prepare them for future opportunities.<\/p>\n
\u201cDeep learner\u201d students are motivated by a sense of accomplishment such as doing something that they like. They are motivated by learn things that interest them and prefer to be challenge rather than rewards or punishments. They like to think more in the long term and plan their future carefully but teachers must know what they like to align their interests with the course materials. Deep learner students always like to accomplish difficult subject so teachers must design course materials that meet their needs. For these students I often give them extra works such as apply, synthesize, evaluate a concept instead of memorize or understand something. I also give these students more control over their own learning. I let these students choose project topics that interest them and give them more control over how they demonstrate their understanding. I let them set their performance goals and allow them to achieve them on their own discovery. Most of them do not need extra help as they can learn on their own through problems and discovering the underlying principle on their own.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
M\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o tr\u1ebb vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cD\u1ec5 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean sinh vi\u00ean. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i nh\u01b0ng … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4468","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4468","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4468"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4468\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4469,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4468\/revisions\/4469"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4468"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4468"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4468"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}